{"id":5513,"date":"2021-10-21T03:14:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T01:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=5513"},"modified":"2021-10-21T03:14:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T01:14:08","slug":"co-kritizuje-10-tisic-bananu-vedle-bronzoveho-byka-na-wall-street","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/10\/21\/co-kritizuje-10-tisic-bananu-vedle-bronzoveho-byka-na-wall-street\/","title":{"rendered":"Co kritizuje 10 tis\u00edc ban\u00e1n\u016f vedle bronzov\u00e9ho b\u00fdka na Wall Street?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ned\u00e1vno bylo vedle slavn\u00e9 dominanty newyorsk\u00e9 Wall Street – bronzov\u00e9ho b\u00fdka, um\u00edst\u011bno 10 tis\u00edc ban\u00e1n\u016f a na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b se objevila nov\u00e1 socha gorily. Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i t\u00e9to akce uvedli, \u017ee tento krok protestuje proti prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se propasti mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi a bezohledn\u00e9mu kapitalismu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Gorila p\u0159edstavuje bojuj\u00edc\u00ed obyvatele nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech; 10 tis\u00edc ban\u00e1n\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Wall Street \u201eze\u0161\u00edlela\u201c (\u201eban\u00e1n\u201c v angli\u010dtin\u011b tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u201ebl\u00e1zen\u201c).<\/p>\n

Jak \u0161\u00edlen\u00e1 je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 propast mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech? Pod\u00edvejme se na posledn\u00ed dva soubory dat zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm rezervn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem: za prv\u00e9, 10 % nejbohat\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech vlastn\u00ed 89 % americk\u00fdch akci\u00ed a fond\u016f, co\u017e dos\u00e1hlo rekordn\u00ed hodnoty; za druh\u00e9, bohatstv\u00ed prvn\u00edho 1 % \u201esuper bohat\u00fdch\u201c ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech p\u0159ekonalo sou\u010det st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, co\u017e je poprv\u00e9 od zaveden\u00ed t\u011bchto statistik v USA. Agentura Bloomberg uvedla, \u017ee bohatstv\u00ed se st\u00e1le v\u00edce soust\u0159e\u010fuje na vrchol \u201epyramidy\u201c, co\u017e je nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1l, \u017ee se propast mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1le zv\u011bt\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 Harvardovou univerzitou a dal\u0161\u00edmi institucemi z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuj\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky spodn\u00edch vrstev Ameri\u010dan\u016f: 40 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee a zhruba jedn\u00e9 p\u011btin\u011b dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed do\u0161ly v\u0161echny \u00faspory. Epidemie se ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1v\u00e1 zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edm sklem Matou\u0161ova efektu, podle kter\u00e9ho \u201ebohat\u00ed bohatnou a chud\u00ed chudnou\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ale ve skute\u010dnosti je rozd\u00edl mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi ji\u017e dlouho hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Americk\u00fd laure\u00e1t Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii Joseph Eugene Stiglitz ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eCena nerovnosti (The Price of Inequality)\u201c pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee ti, kdo pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny horn\u00edho 1 %, se chop\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed, tak\u017ee t\u011bm, kdo pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 99 %, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jen \u00fazkost.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d jedin\u00e1 supervelmoc sv\u011bta ignoruje hlasy lid\u00ed na dn\u011b a umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u011bt\u0161ovat propast mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi? Tento aspekt je ur\u010den hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fdmi rozpory kapitalismu. Francouzsk\u00fd u\u010denec Thomas Piketty pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee jeliko\u017e m\u00edra n\u00e1vratnosti kapit\u00e1lu je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychlost r\u016fstu produktivity, polarizace kapitalistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti bude \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. T\u00edm ale d\u016fvody nekon\u010d\u00ed. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Rady OSN pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, v bohat\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, je p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chudoba v\u00fdsledkem politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1dc\u016f. Pokud by byla politick\u00e1 v\u016fle, mohou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty odstranit extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chudobu.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm tato v\u016fle evidentn\u011b chyb\u00ed. Proto\u017ee americk\u00e1 politika je v podstat\u011b politikou pen\u011bz, mal\u00e1 skupina elit, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ekonomickou a politickou moc, se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno stala otroky kapit\u00e1lu. Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 probl\u00e9mu propasti mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi je jejich hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou ochr\u00e1nit vlastn\u00ed majetek.<\/p>\n

\u010casopis \u201eFortune\u201c pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee a\u010dkoli se miliony Ameri\u010dan\u016f b\u011bhem epidemie sna\u017e\u00ed vyj\u00edt s pen\u011bzi, kompenza\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f velk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jako v\u017edy \u201evelkorys\u00fd\u201c. Podle statistik se p\u0159\u00edjem gener\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159editel\u016f velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v roce 2020 zv\u00fd\u0161il o 16 %, ale plat b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f se zv\u00fd\u0161il pouze o 1,8 %.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety demonstranti hnut\u00ed \u201eOkupujte Wall Street\u201c skandovali heslo \u201e99 % a 1 %\u201c, aby odsoudili nespravedlnost v americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. O deset let pozd\u011bji se pravidla americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nezm\u011bnila a polarizace mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi se je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161ila. Ray Dalio, zakladatel Fondu Bridgewater, \u0159ekl, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed propast v bohatstv\u00ed americk\u00fdch skupin je \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed nouz\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety se na Wall Street oz\u00fdval hlasit\u00fd k\u0159ik demonstrant\u016f, o deset let pozd\u011bji je tu tich\u00e1 st\u00ed\u017enost 10 tis\u00edc\u016f ban\u00e1n\u016f. Pokud lhostejnost americk\u00fdch politik\u016f z\u016fstane stejn\u00e1, pak to, co Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u010dek\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00e1 krize.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno bylo vedle slavn\u00e9 dominanty newyorsk\u00e9 Wall Street – bronzov\u00e9ho b\u00fdka, um\u00edst\u011bno 10 tis\u00edc ban\u00e1n\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1347,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5513\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}