{"id":55125,"date":"2024-06-04T00:35:34","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T22:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55125"},"modified":"2024-06-03T15:10:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T13:10:06","slug":"usa-zvazuji-jaderne-rizene-strely-umistit-na-ponorky-aby-odradily-cinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/04\/usa-zvazuji-jaderne-rizene-strely-umistit-na-ponorky-aby-odradily-cinu\/","title":{"rendered":"USA zva\u017euj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely um\u00edstit na ponorky, aby odradily \u010c\u00ednu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Eskala\u010dn\u00ed krok by posunul rakety dlouh\u00e9ho doletu vp\u0159ed na \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Virginia, aby se uzav\u0159ela mezera v odstra\u0161en\u00ed proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

USA stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm, zda um\u00edstit \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely s jadernou hlavic\u00ed na ponorky. Tento krok by mohl p\u0159edefinovat jej\u00ed strategii odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou a Ruskem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento m\u011bs\u00edc USNI News\u00a0<\/span>ozn\u00e1mily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee USA zva\u017euj\u00ed rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jadern\u00fdch protiponorkov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el (SLCM-N) z modifikovan\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch ponorek t\u0159\u00eddy Virginia (SSN).<\/span><\/p>\n

Viceadmir\u00e1l Johnny Wolfe, \u0159editel program\u016f strategick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva, upozornil tento m\u011bs\u00edc na slo\u017eitosti a nejistoty spojen\u00e9 s p\u0159em\u011bnou \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch ponorek t\u0159\u00eddy Virginia na SLCM na sly\u0161en\u00ed v Sen\u00e1tu. Wolfe si v\u0161iml p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 povahy odhad\u016f n\u00e1klad\u016f a pot\u0159eby flexibility v programu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sen\u00e1tor Mark Kelly vyj\u00e1d\u0159il obavy z potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch stinn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek takov\u00fdch zm\u011bn, zejm\u00e9na dopadu na schopnosti torp\u00e9d a dal\u0161\u00edch strategick\u00fdch zbrojn\u00edch program\u016f. Sv\u011bdectv\u00ed podtrhlo k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu pot\u0159ebnou pro efektivn\u00ed realizaci programu SLCM-N vzhledem k omezen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu zku\u0161en\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f a \u0161patn\u00e9mu stavu pr\u016fmyslu jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

USNI News zaznamenaly dopad zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed jadern\u00fdch ponorek s balistick\u00fdmi raketami (SSBN) t\u0159\u00eddy Columbia na moderniza\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed SSBN a nutnost dokon\u010dit do roku 2042 misi SSBN t\u0159\u00eddy Ohio \u201ebez selh\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Sen\u00e1torka Deb Fischerov\u00e1 nav\u00edc zd\u016fraznila pot\u0159ebu m\u00edt v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed proti protivn\u00edk\u016fm s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA jsou v jadern\u00e9 p\u0159etahovan\u00e9 a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159ehodnotit svou strategii jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna a Rusko se vyzbrojuj\u00ed taktick\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho dosahu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2023 AsiaTimes uvedl, \u017ee americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b v sou\u010dasnosti sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze ze strategick\u00fdch podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el (SLBM). Mezit\u00edm se \u010c\u00edna a Rusko zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj taktick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed s n\u00edzkou v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost\u00ed pod \u00farovn\u00ed strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed na podporu konven\u010dn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdhradn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na strategick\u00e9 odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mohlo vytvo\u0159it odstra\u0161ovac\u00ed propast mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a jejich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi soupe\u0159i, proto\u017ee SLCM-N poskytuje taktick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 \u00fadern\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 vyva\u017euj\u00ed taktick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b \u010c\u00edny a Ruska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Snahy o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed SLCM-N do provozu by tak\u00e9 mohly poukazovat na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezery v konven\u010dn\u00edm odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed USA, kdy mezery v konven\u010dn\u00edch schopnostech vypl\u0148uj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b s n\u00edzkou v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

S rostouc\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm mohou USA zv\u00e1\u017eit zm\u011bnu sv\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed strategie tak, aby zahrnovala jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho doletu na mo\u0159i, aby odradila rostouc\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z kv\u011btna 2024 v Real Clear Defense Joe Varner tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by m\u011bly na mo\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edt jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho doletu, aby odradily \u010c\u00ednu a dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed agresory. Varner tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee USA mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout v\u00e1le\u010dnou doktr\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje dop\u0159edn\u00e9 taktick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 zm\u011bna je nevyhnuteln\u00e1 vzhledem k rostouc\u00edm \u00fazemn\u00edm n\u00e1rok\u016fm \u010c\u00edny a vojensk\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m v\u016f\u010di jej\u00edm soused\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, jako je Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Japonsko, Tchaj-wan a Filip\u00edny. Poznamenal tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pokroky \u010c\u00edny, jako je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jej\u00edch jadern\u00fdch hlavic, raket, n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva a letectva.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA by st\u00e1ly p\u0159ed dilematem, zda p\u0159edem pos\u00edlit sv\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm raketov\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm, nebo se st\u00e1hnout do m\u00e9n\u011b zraniteln\u00fdch pozic, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00e9 asijsk\u00e9 spojence. Kritizuje rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9 po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky odstranit jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b z americk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed a obhajuje jejich obnoven\u00ed, aby se pos\u00edlilo odstra\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Argumentuje t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 politika jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed \u201ebez prvn\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed\u201c je nespolehliv\u00e1 a \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed na mo\u0159i umo\u017e\u0148uje USA kontrolovat eskalaci a odrazovat od agrese, ani\u017e by se uchylovaly ke strategick\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm zbran\u00edm. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by musely vr\u00e1tit \u00fader spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdmi spojenci a zv\u00e1\u017eit taktick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 strategie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed role SLCM-N p\u0159i posilov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161en\u00ed by p\u0159edstavovala v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun v jadern\u00e9 strategii od studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Atlantic Council z dubna 2024 Robert Soofer zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost SLCM-N p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho prost\u0159edku. Podle Soofera by SLCM-N byla prvn\u00ed novou americkou jadernou zbran\u00ed od studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a vyslala by spojenc\u016fm siln\u00fd sign\u00e1l odstra\u0161en\u00ed a uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soofer nasti\u0148uje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00favahy, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bl Kongres u\u010dinit, aby zajistil \u00fasp\u011bch programu, jako je revize st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch raket z hlediska adaptability, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed efektivn\u00edch podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 pot\u0159ebu c\u00edlen\u00e9ho veden\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo naru\u0161en\u00ed jin\u00fdch program\u016f modernizace jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed SLCM-N navrhovan\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty by mohlo zp\u016fsobit v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku, a navrhuj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it se m\u00edsto toho na diplomatickou anga\u017eovanost a strategickou stabilitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Washington Post v \u010dl\u00e1nku ze srpna 2023 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee instalace SLCM-N na palubu americk\u00fdch ponorek zkomplikuje prim\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fakol ponorek odhalovat nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 lod\u011b a zabere cenn\u00fd protiponorkov\u00fd prostor. Krom\u011b toho by p\u0159\u00edtomnost jadern\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el omezila n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed se spojenci a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 platformy odm\u00edtaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Washington Post tak\u00e9 poukazuje na finan\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fsledky SLCM-N a uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fadr\u017eba rakety a jej\u00edch hlavic by st\u00e1la 10 miliard dolar\u016f za deset let. Podle zpr\u00e1vy maj\u00ed USA ji\u017e t\u0159i taktick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 nosi\u010de: t\u011b\u017ekou bombu B61, vzduchem odpalovanou st\u0159elu W80 a W76-2 Trident SLBM.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va Washington Post nav\u00edc poukazuje na probl\u00e9my s opera\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ipravenost\u00ed americk\u00e9 ponorkov\u00e9 flotily: 40 % americk\u00fdch rychl\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch ponorek aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 na \u00fadr\u017ebu. Zpr\u00e1va argumentuje proti o\u017eiven\u00ed SLCM-N a m\u00edsto toho obhajuje modernizaci americk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my s \u00fadr\u017ebou americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku z \u0159\u00edjna 2023 pro Bulletin of Atomic Scientists Andrew Facini tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee fixace USA na hardware a vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti \u010delit rostouc\u00edmu jadern\u00e9mu arzen\u00e1lu \u010c\u00edny by mohla v\u00e9st k nestabilit\u011b a mo\u017en\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lce kv\u016fli paradoxu stability a nestability. M\u00edsto toho by podle Faciniho m\u011bly USA vyvinout vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed a opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed rizik s \u010c\u00ednou, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo eskalaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritizuje propagaci SLCM-N a dal\u0161\u00edch taktick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bj komplikuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledek konflikt\u016f a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko rychl\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 odvety. Poukazuje tak\u00e9 na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed eskala\u010dn\u00ed dominance, kterou by protivn\u00edci jako \u010c\u00edna mohli vn\u00edmat jako spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d rychl\u00fdch reakc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Facini argumentuje strategi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 bere v \u00favahu potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zranitelnosti na ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo hor\u0161\u00edm konflikt\u016fm, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam kontroly zbrojen\u00ed a komunikace pro strategickou stabilitu. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee USA by m\u011bly spolupracovat s \u010c\u00ednou na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu trval\u00fdch investic do ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a vl\u00e1dn\u00edch proces\u016f k udr\u017een\u00ed odstra\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Eskala\u010dn\u00ed krok by posunul rakety dlouh\u00e9ho doletu vp\u0159ed na \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Virginia, aby se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5121,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1204,349,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55125\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}