{"id":54923,"date":"2024-06-01T00:41:37","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T22:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=54923"},"modified":"2024-05-31T17:12:42","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T15:12:42","slug":"technologie-crispr-odolna-skudcum-rizikove-geneticke-manipulace-s-hmyzem-v-laboratori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/01\/technologie-crispr-odolna-skudcum-rizikove-geneticke-manipulace-s-hmyzem-v-laboratori\/","title":{"rendered":"Technologie CRISPR: odoln\u00e1 \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm? Rizikov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 manipulace s hmyzem v laborato\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

\u0160v\u00e1bi jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b odoln\u00fd druh hmyzu. Pomoc\u00ed kontroverzn\u00ed technologie CRISPR v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt v\u011bdci schopni u\u010dinit tyto stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 plazy je\u0161t\u011b odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Nov\u00e1 metoda genetick\u00e9 manipulace s t\u00edmto hmyzem v sou\u010dasnosti vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 rozruch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00edlen\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 manipulace \u017eiv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed je kontroverzn\u00ed. Tato technologie se ji\u017e dlouhou dobu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na plodin\u00e1ch, jako je kuku\u0159ice, \u0159epka a p\u0161enice. C\u00edlem je zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdnosy a zv\u00fd\u0161it odolnost v\u016f\u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdm pesticid\u016fm nebo \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm. Ale hmyz a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 \u010dasto st\u0159edem z\u00e1jmu takov\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch experiment\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci \u010dasto doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed v\u00edce znalost\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed u lid\u00ed (genov\u00e9 terapie proti nemocem).<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 studie z Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9 univerzity v Japonsku a Institutu evolu\u010dn\u00ed biologie v Barcelon\u011b ve \u0160pan\u011blsku nyn\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed novou metodu pro \u00fapravu gen\u016f u \u0161v\u00e1b\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f hmyzu. V souladu s t\u00edm, pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to metody zvan\u00e9 \u201ep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd rodi\u010dovsk\u00fd\u201c CRISPR (DIPA-CRISPR), mohou b\u00fdt Cas9 ribonukleoproteiny (RNP) injikov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo dosp\u011bl\u00fdm samic\u00edm nam\u00edsto mikroinjekce mnohem men\u0161\u00edch hmyz\u00edch embry\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„V jist\u00e9m smyslu byli entomologov\u00e9 osvobozeni od pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed s injekc\u00ed vajec,“\u00a0\u0159ekl<\/a>\u00a0Takaaki Daimon, PhD, profesor na Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a hlavn\u00ed autor studie. \u201eNyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme voln\u011bji a libovoln\u011b upravovat hmyz\u00ed genomy. V z\u00e1sad\u011b by tato metoda m\u011bla fungovat na v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procentech druh\u016f hmyzu.\u201c V\u00fdsledky byly publikov\u00e1ny v \u010dasopise\u00a0Cell Reports Methods<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u201eVylep\u0161en\u00edm metody DIPA-CRISPR a je\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a univerz\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bychom mohli umo\u017enit editaci genomu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u v\u0161ech z v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,5 milionu druh\u016f hmyzu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se n\u00e1m otev\u0159ela budoucnost, ve kter\u00e9 budeme moci pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 funkce hmyzu. \u201c<\/strong> \u0159ekl Daimon. „V z\u00e1sad\u011b by tak\u00e9 mohlo b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it genomov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed jin\u00fdch \u010dlenovc\u016f pomoc\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce, jako jsou rozto\u010di a kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata, stejn\u011b jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komodity, jako jsou krevety a krabi.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm vst\u0159\u00edkl celou v\u011bc p\u0159\u00edmo do hlavn\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 dutiny (hemocoel) dosp\u011bl\u00fdch samic \u0161v\u00e1b\u016f a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zavedl d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 mutace do 22 procent vyl\u00edhnut\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek. \u00da\u010dinnost \u00fapravy genu, pod\u00edl upraven\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek mezi v\u0161emi vyl\u00edhnut\u00fdmi vejci, se m\u011bnila v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu. U jin\u00fdch druh\u016f hmyzu byla dokonce \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 procent.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je: Co kdy\u017e takov\u00ed genov\u011b upraven\u00ed \u0161v\u00e1bi (nebo jin\u00fd hmyz) uniknou do voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a rozmno\u017e\u00ed se tam?<\/strong>\u00a0Existuje riziko, \u017ee tyto mutace spust\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed mutace v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. To se projevilo nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptaci<\/a>\u00a0t\u011bchto \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed past\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch cukr. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let \u0161v\u00e1bi st\u00e1le v\u00edce odm\u00edtali sladkou n\u00e1vnadu.<\/p>\n

Pokud uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edte, \u017ee se \u0161v\u00e1bi rozmno\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce, je jasn\u00e9, jak rychle k takov\u00fdm adaptac\u00edm (mluv\u00edme o 50 generac\u00edch) lidsk\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad sladk\u00e1 n\u00e1vnada. Ale pokud tak\u00e9 specificky manipulujete s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi geny, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit ur\u010ditou odolnost (nap\u0159. v\u016f\u010di jed\u016fm) nebo dokonce r\u016fst, v\u011bci se mohou st\u00e1t kritick\u00fdmi. Jednodu\u0161e nev\u00edme, jak moc to ovlivn\u00ed p\u0159irozenou evoluci \u2013 a zda se v d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017eeme nakonec setkat s vylo\u017een\u011b \u201ep\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00fdmi \u0161v\u00e1by\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ale kdo v\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bdci p\u0159ijdou s n\u00e1padem vyu\u017e\u00edt tuto technologii k v\u00fdvoji \u201echutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho\u201c a \u201ev\u00fd\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho\u201c\u00a0hmyzu pro stravu<\/a>\u00a0globalist\u016f Great Reset na Sv\u011btov\u00e9m ekonomick\u00e9m f\u00f3ru. Zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u00e1s t\u0159eba \u0161v\u00e1bi, kte\u0159\u00ed chutnaj\u00ed jako ku\u0159e?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u0160v\u00e1bi jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b odoln\u00fd druh hmyzu. Pomoc\u00ed kontroverzn\u00ed technologie CRISPR v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3652,2499,2932],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54923"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54925,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54923\/revisions\/54925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}