{"id":54890,"date":"2024-05-31T05:37:53","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T03:37:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=54890"},"modified":"2024-05-31T05:37:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T03:37:53","slug":"uriel-araujo-krize-nove-kaledonie-odhaluje-francii-jako-stale-agresivnejsi-neokolonialni-mocnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/31\/uriel-araujo-krize-nove-kaledonie-odhaluje-francii-jako-stale-agresivnejsi-neokolonialni-mocnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Krize Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie odhaluje Francii jako st\u00e1le agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v \u00fater\u00fd zru\u0161ila v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav, kter\u00fd vyhl\u00e1sila p\u0159ed dv\u011bma t\u00fddny na sv\u00e9m z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie. Francie v\u0161ak zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kaz no\u010dn\u00edho vych\u00e1zen\u00ed a \u00fadajn\u011b tak\u00e9 pos\u00edl\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch 480 polovojensk\u00fdch \u010detn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00e9mu se v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm tisku nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 tolik pozornosti. Uvol\u0148uj\u00ed se omezen\u00ed pro hlavn\u00ed stranu pro nez\u00e1vislost FLNKS. Byla to reakce na zhruba dva t\u00fddny nepokoj\u016f a nepokoj\u016f s nedostatkem potravin a \u0161kodami za miliony dolar\u016f. Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden p\u0159ilet\u011bl na souostrov\u00ed francouzsk\u00fd prezident Emmanuel Macron ve snaze zm\u00edrnit nepokoje, ale bez \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Melan\u00e9sk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie nebo Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie (domorod\u00e9 skupiny podporuj\u00edc\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost jej rad\u011bji naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Kanaky), le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, asi 1200 v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Austr\u00e1lie, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tzv. z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9 Francie nebo Francie ultramarine (Francie d’outre-mer), co\u017e je obecn\u00fd term\u00edn pro asi 13 francouzsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed mimo metropolitn\u00ed Francii (a mimo Evropu). Jsou to v podstat\u011b poz\u016fstatky francouzsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00e1 z\u016fstala po dekolonizaci, r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby a pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi statusy, sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Francie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie je sama o sob\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem. V roce 1853 byla anektov\u00e1na Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Od Noum\u00e9a Accord z roku 1998 je \u201estatut particulier\u201c (nebo sui generis) kolektivem. P\u0159esto\u017ee je jednou ze z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a \u00fazem\u00ed (ZZ\u00da) EU, nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed samotn\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie. M\u00e1 asi 270 tis\u00edc obyvatel. Podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2019 je asi 40 % jeho populace sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidu Kanak, p\u016fvodn\u00ed melan\u00e9sk\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 skupiny. Pouze 24 % se hl\u00e1s\u00ed k francouzsk\u00e9mu evropsk\u00e9mu spole\u010denstv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed (men\u0161inov\u00e9) skupiny, jako jsou J\u00e1van\u00e9, Al\u017e\u00ed\u0159an\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed, tvo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 r\u016fznorodou populaci souostrov\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00e9 nepokoje byly v\u011bt\u0161inou vyvol\u00e1ny komplikovanou a kontroverzn\u00ed volebn\u00ed reformou, kter\u00e1 ud\u011blila volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 000 lidem pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edm k m\u00edstn\u00ed populaci a v\u00edce ne\u017e 13 000 francouzsk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed tam \u017eij\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10 let. Od v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 dohody Noum\u00e9a z roku 1998 se do Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie p\u0159est\u011bhovalo p\u0159es 40 000 evropsk\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f. I kdy\u017e m\u011bla reforma \u00fadajn\u011b zajistit Kanak\u016fm lep\u0161\u00ed politickou reprezentaci, se sv\u00fdmi slo\u017eitostmi by mohla v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1t\u00fd voli\u010d bude zbaven volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, tvrd\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed. S nov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem by se celkov\u00fd po\u010det voli\u010d\u016f mohl zv\u00fd\u0161it o 14,5 %, ale takov\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 tr\u00e1p\u00ed mnoho Kanakov\u00fdch skupin, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina nez\u00e1vislost podporuje. Ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se ztr\u00e1ty volebn\u00ed v\u00e1hy reformou, kterou pova\u017euj\u00ed za etnopolitick\u00fd man\u00e9vr k jejich dal\u0161\u00ed marginalizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 \u00favaha d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, v\u017edy\u0165 na souostrov\u00ed se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b konala t\u0159i referenda o nez\u00e1vislosti. V prvn\u00edch dvou vyhr\u00e1li pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u0161t\u00ed loajalist\u00e9 s nepatrn\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem, zat\u00edmco referendum v roce 2021 Kanakov\u00e9 kv\u016fli pandemick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm bojkotovali. Politicky \u0159e\u010deno, budoucnost tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 diskutov\u00e1na a diskutuje se o nov\u00e9m referendu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron zastavil reformu, kter\u00e1 spustila to, co popsal jako \u201epovst\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude na souostrov\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1no p\u0159es 2700 \u010detnick\u00fdch a policejn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, aby udr\u017eovali po\u0159\u00e1dek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed si lze na chv\u00edli p\u0159edstavit, jak moc by se li\u0161ily z\u00e1padn\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed a reakce z\u00e1padn\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f, kdyby se podobn\u00e1 krize rozvinula a net\u00fdkala Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, ale \u0159ekn\u011bme Pekingu nebo Moskvy, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed etnopolitick\u00fdmi nepokoji ohledn\u011b volebn\u00edch pr\u00e1v v n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u201ez\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c (pokud takov\u00e1 analogick\u00e1 situace v\u016fbec existovala \u2013 p\u00e1r kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch osad stranou, Rusko nap\u0159\u00edklad nikdy nem\u011blo ultramarsk\u00e9 kolonie).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bk nepot\u0159ebuje tolik p\u0159edstavivosti: jist\u011b, ji\u017e v roce 2022 Komise pro bezpe\u010dnost a spolupr\u00e1ci v Evrop\u011b, americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura, sou\u010d\u00e1st Helsinsk\u00e9 komise USA, zve\u0159ejnila zpr\u00e1vu nazvanou \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Dekolonizace Ruska: mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a strategick\u00fd c\u00edl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c – n\u00e1zev je zcela samoz\u0159ejm\u00fd: jde o demont\u00e1\u017e rusk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>mnohon\u00e1rodn\u00ed federace<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u010dl\u00e1nek 3 rusk\u00e9 \u00fastavy) pro geopolitick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. To samo o sob\u011b ve skute\u010dnosti nebylo nic nov\u00e9ho: zesnul\u00fd Zbigniew Brzezinski, vlivn\u00fd diplomat a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed poradce, proslul jako v\u00fdzva k dal\u0161\u00ed fragmentaci Ruska (po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu). Ve sv\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>d\u00edle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Foreign Affairs z roku 1997\u00a0volal po \u201evoln\u011b konfederovan\u00e9m Rusku \u2013 slo\u017een\u00e9m z evropsk\u00e9ho Ruska, Sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 republiky a Republiky D\u00e1ln\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu\u201c. Brzezinski toto v\u0161e obhajoval a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 mluvil o \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edm prvenstv\u00ed Ameriky\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u00e1tky do Francie, v sou\u010dasnosti \u010del\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>geopolitick\u00e9 krizi v Africe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 katastrofy v Nigeru, Mali a\u00a0<\/span>\u010cadu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. P\u011bt vojensk\u00fdch dohod s Franci\u00ed odvolala nigerijsk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v srpnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku a posledn\u00ed kontingent z 1500 voj\u00e1k\u016f nasazen\u00fdch v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei v Nigeru ode\u0161el v prosinci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Africe a hlasovac\u00ed pr\u00e1va p\u016fvodn\u00edch etnick\u00fdch skupin v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed nejsou jedin\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed. Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd frank CFA i st\u0159edoafrick\u00fd frank CFA jsou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed dodnes \u2013 CFA znamen\u00e1 \u201eCommunaut\u00e9 Financi\u00e8re Africaine\u201c (francouzsky \u201eAfrick\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c). Od roku 1945 bankovky vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Bank of France v Chamali\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edve, tato m\u011bnov\u00e1 situace s pevn\u00fdm sm\u011bnn\u00fdm kurzem ovlivnila\u00a0<\/span>ekonomiku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky, podle Landryho Sign\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bvedouc\u00edho pracovn\u00edka programu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky a rozvoje a iniciativy pro r\u016fst Afriky v Brookings Institution. A vyvolalo demonstrace a protifrancouzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady v r\u016fzn\u00fdch africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V t\u00e9to souvislosti pl\u00e1nuje Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (ECOWAS) do roku 2027 zav\u00e9st pro sv\u00e9 \u010dleny vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnou m\u011bnu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes jsou diskurzy o \u201edekoloni\u00e1lnosti\u201c a \u201eprobuzen\u00fdch\u201c programech st\u00e1le v\u00edce sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edly (USA veden\u00e9) euroatlantick\u00e9 aliance, co\u017e je docela ironick\u00e9. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by zpr\u00e1va Komise USA volala po \u201edekolonizaci\u201c Francie jako \u201emor\u00e1ln\u00edm c\u00edli\u201c. Nebylo by v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ita\u017een\u00e9 za vlasy popisovat dne\u0161n\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e jako st\u00e1le agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost. Krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii je jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem sporn\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161eno \u2013 a tis\u00edce \u010detnictva ho nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Uriel Araujo<\/strong>, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v \u00fater\u00fd zru\u0161ila v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav, kter\u00fd vyhl\u00e1sila p\u0159ed dv\u011bma t\u00fddny na sv\u00e9m z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,130,7326],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54890"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54890\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}