{"id":5469,"date":"2021-10-19T03:21:51","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T01:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=5469"},"modified":"2021-10-19T03:21:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-19T01:21:51","slug":"zdrazovani-elektriny-a-plynu-je-jen-predehra-k-zelenemu-udelu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/10\/19\/zdrazovani-elektriny-a-plynu-je-jen-predehra-k-zelenemu-udelu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny a plynu je jen p\u0159edehra k Zelen\u00e9mu \u00fad\u011blu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Evropsk\u00e1 komise p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zdra\u017een\u00ed energi\u00ed budou pro 30% obyvatel energie cenov\u011b nedostupn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9m pl\u00e9nu Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu jsme m\u011bli diskusi o\u00a0vztahu Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu k\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu prudk\u00e9mu r\u016fstu cen elekt\u0159iny a\u00a0plynu. M\u00edstop\u0159edseda Evropsk\u00e9 komise pro Zelen\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl Frans Timmmermans h\u00e1jil Zelen\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl a\u00a0tvrdil, \u017ee tento projekt Komise se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Zapomn\u011bl ov\u0161em dodat, \u017ee to, co se nyn\u00ed d\u011bje s\u00a0cenami elekt\u0159iny a\u00a0plynu, je d\u016fsledkem politiky liberalizace trhu s\u00a0energiemi, kterou p\u0159edchoz\u00ed Komise prosadily v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho unijn\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho trhu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Z projektu Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu zat\u00edm byl schv\u00e1len pouze tlustospis pln\u00fd fr\u00e1z\u00ed o\u00a0sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2<\/sub>\u00a0a\u00a0jak\u00e9si klimatick\u00e9 neutralit\u011b \u2013 i\u00a0kdy\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b vysv\u011btleno, co to vlastn\u011b m\u00e1 b\u00fdt. Fascikl o\u00a0Zelen\u00e9m \u00fad\u011blu, kter\u00fd schv\u00e1lila v\u011bt\u0161ina Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0premi\u00e9\u0159i v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 rad\u011b, je n\u011bco mezi programov\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm Komise a\u00a0v\u011bcn\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem zm\u011bn unijn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Oba spoluz\u00e1konod\u00e1rci schv\u00e1lili je\u0161t\u011b V\u00edcelet\u00fd fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro l\u00e9ta 2021 a\u017e 2027, kter\u00fd stanov\u00ed limity ro\u010dn\u00edch rozpo\u010dt\u016f EU na jednotliv\u00e9 typy v\u00fddaj\u016f, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e je naps\u00e1no, \u017ee 35% pen\u011bz bude vypl\u00fdtv\u00e1no na projekty Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu. A\u00a0k\u00a0tomu je\u0161t\u011b sadu na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, podle nich\u017e m\u00e1 fungovat Fond obnovy, do n\u011bho\u017e si Unie z\u00a0kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f p\u016fj\u010dila 750 miliard eur a\u00a0z\u00a0nich\u017e 45% m\u00e1 b\u00fdt utraceno rovn\u011b\u017e za projekty Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu. M\u00e1 j\u00edt o\u00a0dotace sol\u00e1rn\u00edch a\u00a0fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, elektromobil\u016f a\u00a0jejich nab\u00edje\u010dek a\u00a0pod.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd unijn\u00ed obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd prvn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, kter\u00fdm by byl prov\u00e1d\u011bn Zelen\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl, je\u0161t\u011b europarlamentem ani Radou ministr\u016f schv\u00e1len nebyl. Teprve v\u00a0srpnu n\u00e1m Komise p\u0159edlo\u017eila legislativn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek nazvan\u00fd Fit for 55, co\u017e je sada n\u00e1vrh\u016f na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, od nich\u017e si Komise slibuje, \u017ee jimi donut\u00ed ob\u010dany a\u00a0firmy vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b CO2<\/sub>. V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jsme na porad\u011b koordin\u00e1tor\u016f Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru rozd\u011blovali mezi frakce zpravodajov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Hlasovat ve v\u00fdboru o\u00a0nich budeme a\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tkem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. Pot\u00e9 budou projedn\u00e1ny na pl\u00e9nu EP, ne\u017e znovu poputuj\u00ed do Rady ministr\u016f. P\u0159ed schv\u00e1len\u00edm ob\u011bma spoluz\u00e1konod\u00e1rci nemohou b\u00fdt vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny v\u00a0\u00da\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bstn\u00edku EU, co\u017e je podm\u00ednka jejich platnosti i\u00a0vstupu v\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed tedy skute\u010dn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno Zelen\u00fdm \u00fad\u011blem. To, co se d\u011bje nyn\u00ed, je v\u00a0podstat\u011b jen takovou p\u0159edehrou k\u00a0Zelen\u00e9mu \u00fad\u011blu. N\u011bco jako \u201emal\u00e1 ochutn\u00e1vka\u201c toho, co n\u00e1s v\u00a0budoucnu \u010dek\u00e1 v\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozsahu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed dramatick\u00e9 r\u016fsty cen energi\u00ed jsou zp\u016fsobeny komunit\u00e1rn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy Evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed a\u00a0EU, kter\u00e9 vznikaly v\u00a0posledn\u00edch 20 letech.<\/p>\n

Elektroenergetika a\u00a0plyn\u00e1renstv\u00ed vznikly na konci 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Za\u010dalo to ve m\u011bstech, kde pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 firmy \u2013 n\u011bkde za pen\u00edze soukrom\u00fdch investor\u016f, jinde jako ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 zak\u00e1zka \u2013 stav\u011bly prvn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny, tepl\u00e1rny a\u00a0plyn\u00e1rny spolu s\u00a0energetick\u00fdmi rozvody. Po\u00a01.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za\u010dala elekt\u0159ina pronikat i\u00a0na venkov. V\u011bt\u0161inou za finan\u010dn\u00ed spolu\u00fa\u010dasti obecn\u00edch rozpo\u010dt\u016f nebo pen\u011bz z\u00a0dru\u017estev, do nich\u017e se sdru\u017eili z\u00e1jemci o\u00a0jej\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaplatily postaven\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e9 i\u00a0plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 soustavy bychom dnes ozna\u010dili jako \u201eostrovn\u00ed syst\u00e9my\u201c. Kolem elektr\u00e1rny nebo plyn\u00e1rny vznikla s\u00ed\u0165 rozvod\u016f ke spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm. Jejich rozloha v\u0161ak byla mal\u00e1 a\u00a0rozhodn\u011b nebyly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojeny. K\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00e9 elektrifikaci a\u00a0se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm i\u00a0plynofikaci v\u00a0Evrop\u011b do\u0161lo a\u017e po\u00a02.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. V\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy rozd\u011blen\u00e9 \u017eeleznou oponou ji fakticky provedly vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed t\u00edm zest\u00e1tnily elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e9 a\u00a0plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 firmy. A\u00a0pot\u00e9, kdy do nich investovaly obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pen\u011bz, st\u00e1tn\u00ed firmy dokon\u010dily proces budov\u00e1n\u00ed rozvodn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed i\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed jen v\u00a0Praze vedle sebe fungovaly 2 plynov\u00e9 soustavy \u2013 jedna na sv\u00edtiplyn a\u00a0druh\u00e1 na zemn\u00ed plyn. K\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jedin\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9 soustavy a\u00a0jej\u00ed kompletn\u00ed p\u0159ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemn\u00ed plyn do\u0161lo a\u017e b\u011bhem 60.\u00a0let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Podobn\u011b na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed vzniklo n\u011bkolik elektr\u00e1rensk\u00fdch soustav, kter\u00e9 pracovaly s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm. K\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jedin\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se stejn\u00fdmi parametry dod\u00e1van\u00e9 energie do\u0161lo a\u017e v\u00a070.\u00a0letech. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b se na n\u011bkolika zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch se\u0161li elektrotechni\u010dt\u00ed odborn\u00edci ze Z\u00e1padu i\u00a0z\u00a0V\u00fdchodu a\u00a0i\u00a0p\u0159es studenou v\u00e1lku dohodli pl\u00e1n postupn\u00e9ho vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. P\u0159i\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti jedn\u00e1n\u00edch veden\u00fdch na p\u016fd\u011b Evropsk\u00e9ho normaliza\u010dn\u00edho institutu (CEN) bylo dohodnuto, \u017ee st\u00e1ty postupn\u011b p\u0159ebuduj\u00ed sv\u00e9 elektriza\u010dn\u00ed soustavy tak, aby mohly dod\u00e1vat v\u0161em z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm elekt\u0159inu o\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed 220\/380V p\u0159i\u00a0frekvenci 50Hz. P\u0159i\u00a0s\u00e9rii jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo dohodnuto i\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed propojen\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00edch elektrifika\u010dn\u00edch soustav, kter\u00e9 do t\u00e9 doby pracovaly odd\u011blen\u011b a\u00a0na jin\u00fdch volt\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 elektriza\u010dn\u00ed soustava byla p\u0159ed t\u00edm propojena nap\u0159ed se syst\u00e9mem DDR a\u00a0Polska a\u00a0pozd\u011bji i\u00a0SSSR a\u00a0Ma\u010farska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 diplomacie bylo Rakousko, kter\u00e9 si jako prvn\u00ed kapitalistick\u00e1 ekonomika po\u00a0dohod\u011b s\u00a0SSSR v\u00a060.\u00a0letech vybudovalo napojen\u00ed sv\u00fdch plynov\u00fdch rozvod\u016f nejen na z\u00e1padn\u00ed plynovody a\u00a0ropovody, ale i\u00a0na rozvody z\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku. Rakousko je od 2.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vojensky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b. Jako prvn\u00ed kapitalistick\u00fd st\u00e1t si dohodlo vz\u00e1jemn\u011b v\u00fdhodnou elektroenergetickou spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00edm blokem. Po\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed propojek n\u00e1rodn\u00edch elektriza\u010dn\u00edch soustav na \u010desko-rakousk\u00e9 hranici \u010cSSR dod\u00e1vala Rakousku \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch p\u0159ebytk\u016f z\u00a0tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren pod Kru\u0161n\u00fdmi horami a\u00a0Raku\u0161an\u00e9 n\u00e1m tento \u201eenergetick\u00fd kontokorent\u201c vraceli v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b elekt\u0159inou z\u00a0vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon p\u0159i\u00a0letn\u00edm t\u00e1n\u00ed alpsk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f. Rakousko tak pro\u0161lapalo cestu budouc\u00ed celoevropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 s\u00edti, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed po\u00a0cel\u00e9m kontinentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed v\u0161ak celoevropsk\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 soustava pracovala jako vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fd syst\u00e9m st\u00e1tn\u00edch energetick\u00fdch soustav. Byly to vl\u00e1dy st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch sjednaly smlouvy o\u00a0propojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch soustav a\u00a0podm\u00ednky pro dod\u00e1vky energi\u00ed mezi nimi. Technick\u00e9 parametry byly v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159e\u0161eny na konferenc\u00edch po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch nej\u010dast\u011bji na p\u016fd\u011b CEN. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy upravuj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky dod\u00e1vek energi\u00ed dom\u00e1cnostem i\u00a0firm\u00e1m v\u0161ak a\u017e do konce minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed upravovalo v\u00fdhradn\u011b vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. A\u00a0v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi jinak. P\u0159esto dod\u00e1vky energi\u00ed fungovaly dob\u0159e a\u00a0jejich ceny byly pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edky mnohem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes, kdy tuto oblast reguluje pr\u00e1vo EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

K nejmohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji palivoenergetick\u00fdch komplex\u016f do\u0161lo v\u00a0Evrop\u011b v\u00a0obdob\u00ed od 30.\u00a0do 90.\u00a0let 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. \u0160lo o\u00a0strategickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Bez zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehliv\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek energi\u00ed by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ani hore\u010dn\u00e9 zbrojen\u00ed ani zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby takov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed potravin, jim\u017e by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u017eivit obrovsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Je proto logick\u00e9, \u017ee energetick\u00fd rozmach prob\u00edhal na z\u00e1pad\u011b i\u00a0v\u00fdchod\u011b kontinentu pod taktovkami vl\u00e1d. I\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy po\u00a02.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu energetick\u00fdch firem bu\u010f zest\u00e1tnily, nebo rovnou budovaly jako podniky ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed. St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1kony stanovovaly nejen technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro provoz energetiky, ale regulovaly i\u00a0obchodn\u00ed vztahy. Ceny energi\u00ed byly pro dom\u00e1cnosti i\u00a0firmy regulovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dami nejen v\u00a0zem\u00edch socialistick\u00e9ho bloku, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch kapitalistick\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch. I\u00a0to pomohlo jej\u00edmu rozvoji a\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed modern\u00edch energi\u00ed a\u017e do ka\u017ed\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po p\u00e1du \u017eelezn\u00e9 opony do\u0161lo v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b k\u00a0s\u00e9rii politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedly k\u00a0postupn\u00e9 destrukci pr\u016fmyslu, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i\u00a0energetiky. Po\u00a0skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky do\u0161lo k\u00a0redukci arm\u00e1d v\u011bt\u0161iny evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed na po\u010detn\u00ed stavy mezi 10 a\u017e 20% kapacit z\u00a0dob \u017eelezn\u00e9 opony. Po\u00a0p\u0159istoupen\u00ed v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed k\u00a0V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 dohod\u011b o\u00a0clech a\u00a0obchodu (GATT) k\u00a0n\u00ed byly v\u00a090.\u00a0letech sjedn\u00e1ny dodatky a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed dohoda o\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizaci (WTO), kter\u00e9 naplno rozjely globalizaci. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed mno\u017estevn\u00edho omezen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu a\u00a0postupn\u00e9 odbour\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny cel vyvolaly p\u0159esun pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby z\u00a0Evropy a\u00a0USA do asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenou pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0bez jak\u00e9koli pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany zam\u011bstnanc\u016f nebo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost voln\u00e9ho a\u00a0bezceln\u00edho dovozu nejen energetick\u00fdch surovin, kter\u00e9 jsou jinde ne\u017e v\u00a0Evrop\u011b t\u011b\u017eeny levn\u011bji, t\u011b\u017ece ekonomicky po\u0161kodila evropsk\u00e9 firmy zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se na kontinent\u011b t\u011b\u017ebou. Nejen Ostravsko-karvinsk\u00fd a\u00a0Severo\u010desk\u00fd rev\u00edr, ale i\u00a0velk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed oblasti v\u00a0Por\u00fdn\u00ed a\u00a0Por\u00fa\u0159\u00ed nemohou p\u0159i\u00a0absenci cel ekonomicky konkurovat \u010dern\u00e9mu uhl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je povrchov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem t\u011b\u017eeno v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii. A\u00a0proto\u017ee politici po\u00a0skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky z\u00edskali pocit, \u017ee napaden\u00ed siln\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem evropsk\u00fdm zem\u00edm nehroz\u00ed, a\u00a0proto u\u017e nemus\u00ed zbrojit a\u00a0udr\u017eovat velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, p\u0159ipustili nebo dokonce na\u0159\u00eddili \u00fatlum a\u00a0zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch dol\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odpr\u016fmysln\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0redukce zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily dohody GATT a\u00a0WTO, vytvo\u0159ily na trz\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed do\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ebytky energi\u00ed. Vl\u00e1dy reagovaly uzav\u0159en\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti star\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci atmosf\u00e9ry \u201ev\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Z\u00e1padu a\u00a0kapitalismu\u201c ve studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se i\u00a0v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0Bruselu dostali ke slovu ideologov\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00edho fundamentalismu. Nap\u0159ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edm zem\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159estavovaly sv\u00e9 ekonomiky na kapitalismus, a\u00a0pozd\u011bji i\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edm zem\u00edm byla ordinov\u00e1na politika Washingtonsk\u00e9ho konsensu. Jde o\u00a0dohodu mezi Sv\u011btovou bankou (WBG) a\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011bnov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem (IMF) a\u00a0jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm akcion\u00e1\u0159em Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm ministerstvem financ\u00ed USA o\u00a0tom, \u017ee p\u016fj\u010dky budou transformuj\u00edc\u00edm se zem\u00edm poskytnuty pod podm\u00ednkou proveden\u00ed urychlen\u00e9 privatizace st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f, deregulace cen a\u00a0liberalizace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pam\u011btn\u00edci 90.\u00a0let si dodnes vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed na gigantick\u00fd rozsah rozkr\u00e1da\u010dek majetku budovan\u00e9ho po\u00a0generace v\u00a0r\u00e1mci procesu nazvan\u00e9ho privatizace. Mnoz\u00ed si vzpomenou i\u00a0na likvidaci tis\u00edc\u016f podnik\u016f a\u00a0z\u00e1niku milion\u016f pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, kterou zp\u016fsobila liberalizace zahrani\u010dn\u00edho obchodu. Slovo deregulace je dodnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no jako synonymum ke zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u0165 ji\u017e n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho nebo cen energi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 90.\u00a0letech se na z\u00e1pad\u011b Evropy b\u00fdval\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed (EHS) prom\u011bnilo p\u0159es Evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed (ES) na dne\u0161n\u00ed Evropskou unii (EU). V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto procesu byl blok nejen roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n na sever a\u00a0v\u00fdchod, ale byla vnit\u0159n\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena i\u00a0oblast spole\u010dn\u00e9ho trhu. P\u016fvodn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd trh byl budov\u00e1n od 60.\u00a0let pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Po\u00a0p\u00e1du \u017eelezn\u00e9 opony byl vypracov\u00e1n koncept voln\u00e9ho pohybu zbo\u017e\u00ed, slu\u017eeb, kapit\u00e1lu a\u00a0osob (fyzick\u00fdch i\u00a0pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch). Mezi slu\u017eby pat\u0159\u00ed i\u00a0dod\u00e1vky energi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

K nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu rozmachu eurokracie do\u0161lo po\u00a0chv\u00e1len\u00ed Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho jednotn\u00e9ho aktu (JSA), kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed EHS podeps\u00e1n v\u00a0roce 1987. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten vedl k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tzv.\u00a0komunit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va slo\u017een\u00e9ho z\u00a0des\u00edtek tis\u00edc sm\u011brnic a\u00a0na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 navrhuje Komise a\u00a0schvaluj\u00ed europarlament a\u00a0Rady ministr\u016f. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti spole\u010dn\u00e9ho trhu i\u00a0do oblasti energetiky byly \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b aplikov\u00e1ny metody Washingtonsk\u00e9ho konsensu i\u00a0do pr\u00e1va EU. Z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b si v\u011bt\u0161inou ponechaly ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed pln\u00fd nebo v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd pod\u00edl ve firm\u00e1ch zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u00fdrobou a\u00a0rozvodem elekt\u0159iny, tepla a\u00a0plynu. Nap\u0159.\u00a0francouzsk\u00fd elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e1 koncern EdF je pln\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed firmou. N\u011bmeck\u00fd plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd gigant Ruhrgas, kter\u00fd spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0rusk\u00fdm Gaspormem vybudoval plynovody Nordsteam 1a 2, je v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b vlastn\u011bn st\u00e1tem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdchod\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 nebo \u00fapln\u00e9 privatizaci i\u00a0t\u011bchto firem. U\u00a0n\u00e1s se vl\u00e1d\u011b, jej\u00edm\u017e jsem byl \u010dlenem, poda\u0159ilo udr\u017eet v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd pod\u00edl v\u00a0\u010cEZu a\u00a0z\u00edskat zp\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161inu akci\u00ed rozvodn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1t \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zdarma p\u0159edal obc\u00edm, jejich\u017e zastupitelstva je neleg\u00e1ln\u011b rozprodala. Na n\u00e1vrh tehdej\u0161\u00edho ministra pr\u016fmyslu a\u00a0obchodu Miroslav Gr\u00e9gra z\u00a0nich byl op\u011btovn\u011b vytvo\u0159en jeden komplex. Pod tlakem ES z\u00a0n\u011bj v\u0161ak byla do firmy \u010cEPS vy\u010dlen\u011bna soustava zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed propojen\u00ed na zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pod tlakem Bruselu byly pot\u00e9 prod\u00e1ny n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu E-Onu Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 a\u00a0Jihomoravsk\u00e1 energetika \u2013 tedy rozvodn\u00e9 firmy kolem nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejziskov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren \u2013 jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren Dukovany a\u00a0Temel\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokon\u010den\u00ed procesu vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9ho trhu u\u017e bylo v\u00edce z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed politickou ne\u017e technickou. Hlavn\u00ed slovo m\u011bla ideologie voln\u00e9ho trhu a\u00a0omezen\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1sah\u016f do ekonomiky. Brusel na\u0159\u00eddil rozd\u011blit energetick\u00e9 firmy na n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V\u00fdrobce elekt\u0159iny a\u00a0dovozci plynu museli b\u00fdt odd\u011bleni do jin\u00fdch firem \u2013 by\u0165 i\u00a0z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku se stejn\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem \u2013 ne\u017e provozovatel\u00e9 rozvodn\u00fdch soustav. A\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm EU bylo na\u0159\u00edzeno postupn\u011b ukon\u010dit regulaci cen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m regulovan\u00fdch cen stanoven\u00fdch vl\u00e1dou byl nap\u0159ed nahrazen syst\u00e9m v\u011bcn\u011b usm\u011br\u0148ovan\u00fdch cen stanovovan\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm regula\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adem. V\u011bcn\u011b usm\u011br\u0148ovan\u00e9 ceny jsou podle evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny jako opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a\u00a0p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd zisk. Za ten je pova\u017eov\u00e1na mar\u017ee do 30%. Syst\u00e9m nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00fd je podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0\u00dastavou \u010cR, je mimo jakoukoli kontrolu voli\u010d\u016f. D\u0159\u00edve se vl\u00e1da by\u0165 nep\u0159\u00edmo voli\u010d\u016fm ze sv\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed o\u00a0cen\u00e1ch energi\u00ed zodpov\u00eddala ve volb\u00e1ch. Pokud minist\u0159i zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehnali, hrozilo jim, \u017ee p\u016fjdou do opozice nebo i\u00a0ven z\u00a0politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159edn\u00edci Energetick\u00e9ho regula\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu (v\u010detn\u011b jejich veden\u00ed) jsou neodvolateln\u00ed. Veden\u00ed je sice jmenov\u00e1no vl\u00e1dou na dobu ur\u010ditou, ale vl\u00e1da \u0161\u00e9fy a\u00a0n\u00e1m\u011bstky ER\u00da nem\u016f\u017ee odvolat ani \u00fakolovat. ER\u00da se ze sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nezodpov\u00edd\u00e1 ani vl\u00e1d\u011b ani Parlamentu. Re\u00e1ln\u011b se tedy ER\u00da chov\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako sluha energetick\u00fdch firem, ne\u017e zast\u00e1nce z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Proto se nem\u016f\u017eeme divit, \u017ee ceny energi\u00ed v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy je stanovila vl\u00e1da sv\u00fdm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, byly o\u00a0\u0159\u00e1d ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi liberalizace unijn\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho trhu byly zavedeny energetick\u00e9 burzy. V\u00fdrobci byli unijn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy donuceni prod\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161inu elekt\u0159iny a\u00a0plynu nikoli p\u0159\u00edmo kone\u010dn\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm nebo rozvodn\u00fdm firm\u00e1m, ale na burzu, kde je mohou nakupovat nejen firmy, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed rozvodn\u00e9 soustavy, ale i\u00a0p\u0159ekupn\u00edci. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0V\u00e1s si jako p\u0159ekupn\u00edka vybav\u00ed firmy jako\u00a0Bohemia energy<\/em>\u00a0nebo r\u016fzn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 dnes z\u00e1kon ozna\u010duje jako \u201eenergetick\u00e9 \u0161mejdy\u201c, je\u017e vyd\u011bl\u00e1valy na tom, \u017ee prod\u00e1valy dom\u00e1cnostem p\u0159edra\u017eenou elekt\u0159inu nebo plyn. Krom\u011b nich v\u0161ak na burz\u00e1ch p\u016fsob\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m i\u00a0spekulanti z\u00a0bank, poji\u0161\u0165oven, investi\u010dn\u00edch, penzijn\u00edch, hedgeov\u00fdch a\u00a0jin\u00fdch fond\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se za pomoc\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed ciz\u00edch pen\u011bz \u017eiv\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed cenovou nestabilitu. Pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f jako opce na budouc\u00ed dod\u00e1vky rozkol\u00eds\u00e1vaj\u00ed ceny. Vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tom, kdy\u017e koup\u00ed levn\u011b a\u00a0prodaj\u00ed draho p\u0159i\u00a0vyvolan\u00e9 bublin\u011b. Ani\u017e by jakkoli pomohli s\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo \u00fadr\u017ebou v\u00fdrobn\u00edch a\u00a0rozvodn\u00fdch kapacit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0z\u00e1jmu a\u00a0podle pokyn\u016f t\u011bchto parazit\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0EU v\u011bt\u0161inou ani nemaj\u00ed s\u00eddlo firmy a\u00a0v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 zemi neplat\u00ed dan\u011b, Komise psala p\u0159edpisy o\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00e9m unijn\u00edm energetick\u00e9m trhu. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 energetick\u00fd soustava EU je kv\u016fli p\u0159edpis\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed pravidla jej\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tak nestabiln\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e se v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b dosluhuj\u00edc\u00ed kancl\u00e9\u0159ka rozhodne odstavit bez adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1hrady v\u0161echny jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, v\u00a0pen\u011b\u017eenk\u00e1ch to poc\u00edt\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 v\u00a0cel\u00e9 EU. Technicky je sice mo\u017en\u00e9 nechat N\u011bmce, aby si \u0161patn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy \u201evy\u017erali\u201d t\u00edm, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b p\u0159i\u00a0hroz\u00edc\u00edm black-outu N\u011bmecko odpoj\u00ed od dod\u00e1vek z\u00a0elektr\u00e1ren ve sv\u00fdch zem\u00edch. \u010c\u00edm\u017e by zabr\u00e1nili roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed black-outu do dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 energetickou krizi nevyvolaly. Pr\u00e1vo EU to v\u0161ak zakazuje, tak\u017ee si to nikdo z\u00a0technik\u016f netroufne ud\u011blat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na r\u016fstu cen, kter\u00fd vyvolalo \u0161patn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 kancl\u00e9\u0159ky Angely Merkelov\u00e9, se nav\u00edc nestydat\u011b obohacuj\u00ed bankste\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed financuj\u00ed volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b vl\u00e1dn\u00edch stran\u00a0 v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch zem\u00edch EU. A\u00a0stejn\u00e1 skupina spekulant\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se u\u017e dnes nehor\u00e1zn\u011b pakuj\u00ed na \u0161melen\u00ed s\u00a0energiemi, Komisi vnukla n\u00e1pad s\u00a0emisn\u00edmi povolenkami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tvo\u0159it st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu. Dnes si je na burz\u00e1ch mus\u00ed kupovat pouze nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jako hut\u011b nebo uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. A\u017e je v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Zelen\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu pr\u00e1vo EU na\u0159\u00edd\u00ed kupovat i\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostem ceny elekt\u0159iny, plynu, tepla i\u00a0v\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho, vyst\u0159el\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nejm\u00e9n\u011b o\u00a0\u0159\u00e1d v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e dnes. Burzovn\u00ed spekulanti se rekordn\u011b napakuj\u00ed a\u00a0my v\u0161ichni to zaplat\u00edme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nebyl term\u00edn \u201eenergetick\u00e1 chudoba\u201c v\u00a0Evrop\u011b prakticky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. P\u0159esto\u017ee nyn\u00ed o\u00a0n\u011bm jedn\u00e1 i\u00a0Evropsk\u00fd parlament a\u00a0Rada, pro bruselsk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00a0obou instituc\u00edch z\u00e1rove\u0148 prosazuje proveden\u00ed zm\u011bn legislativy, kter\u00e9 bude m\u00edt pro velkou \u010d\u00e1st populace \u2013 Komise p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed \u017ee to bude 30% obyvatel \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b ty d\u016fsledky, \u017ee jim zp\u016fsob\u00ed zdra\u017een\u00ed energi\u00ed na \u00farove\u0148, kdy pro n\u011b energie budou cenov\u011b nedostupn\u00e9. Lidov\u00fd vtip, kter\u00fd se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed facebookem, kter\u00fd si dovoluji p\u0159ilo\u017eit pro ilustraci tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, se pak stane realitou. Pro bruselsk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00a0EP si jaksi v\u016fbec nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed mo\u017enost, \u017ee n\u00e1sledovat by mohla sprcha dla\u017eebn\u00edch kostek vrhan\u00fdch nespokojen\u00fdm ob\u010dany po\u00a0vzoru \u017dlut\u00fdch vest do oken budov Evropsk\u00e9 komise, Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 rady.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

MUDr. Ivan David, CSc.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0FB autora<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 komise p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zdra\u017een\u00ed energi\u00ed budou pro 30% obyvatel energie cenov\u011b nedostupn\u00e9. Na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[67,285,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}