{"id":5454,"date":"2021-10-18T03:41:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T01:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=5454"},"modified":"2021-10-18T03:41:25","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T01:41:25","slug":"mmf-vnucuje-svetu-znicujici-energetickou-reformu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/10\/18\/mmf-vnucuje-svetu-znicujici-energetickou-reformu\/","title":{"rendered":"MMF vnucuje sv\u011btu zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed energetickou reformu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za tzv. klimatick\u00fdmi c\u00edli<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

26. konference OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu (COP26)\u00a0bude zah\u00e1jena<\/a>\u00a031. \u0159\u00edjna ve skotsk\u00e9m Glasgow pod britsk\u00fdm p\u0159edsednictv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura (IEA) p\u0159ed konferenc\u00ed\u00a0zve\u0159ejnila<\/a>\u00a0zpr\u00e1vu, v n\u00ed\u017e navrhuje z\u00e1kaz nov\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, „proto\u017ee nezachycuj\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny“. Auto\u0159i zpr\u00e1vy, prezident skupiny Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky (SB) David Malpass a v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 agentury (IEA) Fatih Birol, vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny zem\u011b sv\u011bta, aby postupn\u011b p\u0159estaly vyu\u017e\u00edvat uhelnou energii, ale netaj\u00ed se t\u00edm, \u017ee by to zp\u016fsobilo „hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u0159esy“.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu IEA\u00a0uvedla<\/a>, \u017ee „v z\u00e1jmu spln\u011bn\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f je t\u0159eba letos zastavit rozvoj nov\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch pol\u00ed“.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zah\u00e1jen\u00edm COP26 vydal svou\u00a0zpr\u00e1vu<\/a>\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond (MMF). Zpr\u00e1va navrhuje zru\u0161it st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv. Podle MMF dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed tato odv\u011btv\u00ed ka\u017edou minutu dotace ve v\u00fd\u0161i 11 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. „MMF zjistil, \u017ee v roce 2020 byla t\u011b\u017eba a spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed, ropy a plynu dotov\u00e1na \u010d\u00e1stkou 5,9 bilionu dolar\u016f, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee ceny ropy, plynu a uhl\u00ed jsou dramaticky n\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/i>“<\/p>\n

„Dotace p\u0159il\u00e9vaj\u00ed olej do ohn\u011b klimatick\u00e9 krize,<\/i>“ uv\u00e1d\u00ed se ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b, „a to v dob\u011b, kdy je nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9 rychle sn\u00ed\u017eit emise uhl\u00edku<\/i>.“ Podle MMF byly d\u00edky vl\u00e1dn\u00edm dotac\u00edm „ceny 99 % uhl\u00ed, 52 % nafty a 47 % zemn\u00edho plynu v roce 2020 nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 50 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich skute\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/i>„. Dv\u011b t\u0159etiny dotac\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovaly do p\u011bti zem\u00ed: \u010c\u00edny, USA, Ruska, Indie a Japonska.<\/p>\n

Podle analytik\u016f MMF by stanoven\u00ed cen fosiln\u00edch paliv, kter\u00e9 by odr\u00e1\u017eely jejich skute\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, sn\u00ed\u017eilo celosv\u011btov\u00e9 emise CO2 o v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f klimatick\u00e9ho summitu OSN COP26 by proto m\u011blo b\u00fdt zru\u0161en\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podpory ropn\u00e9ho, plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho a uheln\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. „Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem COP26 je dohodnout pravidla pro trhy s uhl\u00edkem, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou cenu za zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Reforma cen fosiln\u00edch paliv nem\u016f\u017ee \u010dekat,<\/i>“ tvrd\u00ed analytici MMF.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va MMF ukazuje, \u017ee zru\u0161en\u00ed dotac\u00ed na uhlovod\u00edkov\u00e1 paliva by zp\u016fsobilo dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst cen ropy, plynu a uhl\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 50 %. To, \u017ee to zp\u016fsob\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd kolaps, chudobu a hlad, lze jen t\u011b\u017eko pop\u0159\u00edt, ale ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b se to \u00fahledn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 „ekonomick\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm rozvratem“.<\/p>\n

Ian Parry, vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu analytik\u016f MMF, argumentuje sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u011b: „N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b necht\u011bj\u00ed zvy\u0161ovat ceny energi\u00ed, proto\u017ee si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee to po\u0161kod\u00ed chud\u00e9. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fdch cen fosiln\u00edch paliv je v\u0161ak velmi neefektivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak pomoci chud\u00fdm… Bylo by lep\u0161\u00ed nasm\u011brovat zdroje na p\u0159\u00edmou pomoc chud\u00fdm a zraniteln\u00fdm.<\/i>“ Nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout, \u017ee „p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 pomoc<\/i>“ se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u016fj\u010dek MMF.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va tak\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje nelibost nad t\u00edm, \u017ee fosiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho prost\u0159edk\u016f na dom\u00e1c\u00ed investice (tj. na vlastn\u00ed rozvoj) a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo na boj proti glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezit\u00edm je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 „dom\u00e1c\u00ed investice“ do uhl\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily uhl\u00edkovou stopu \u010c\u00edny a zbavily mnoho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u011bst smogu.<\/p>\n

V roce 2013\u00a0vyhl\u00e1sil<\/a>\u00a0premi\u00e9r Li Keqiang v\u00e1lku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Do provozu byla uvedena \u0159ada uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren postaven\u00fdch podle nov\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch norem. Po\u017eadavky na emise uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren byly od roku 1996 do roku 2012 zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bny v pr\u016fm\u011bru 5,5kr\u00e1t pro oxidy dus\u00edku, 13kr\u00e1t pro oxidy s\u00edry a 70kr\u00e1t pro pop\u00edlek – a staly se p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e po\u017eadavky USA, Japonska nebo Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Rozsah p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fdch hodnot koncentrac\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek byl sn\u00ed\u017een t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a\u017e \u0161estkr\u00e1t pro oxidy a t\u0159istakr\u00e1t pro popel.<\/p>\n

Kdyby \u010c\u00edna nepostavila nov\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a nev\u011bnovala miliardy dolar\u016f na boj proti glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, obyvatel\u00e9 Pekingu by se st\u00e1le dusili smogem.<\/p>\n

Samozvan\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, za n\u011b\u017e se MMF, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, nut\u00ed veden\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby zni\u010dilo energetickou z\u00e1kladnu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch ekonomik, a nab\u00edzej\u00ed jim v\u00fdm\u011bnu energetick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti za v\u00e1zan\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky MMF a \u0161ikmou plochu „zelen\u00e9 ekonomiky“, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b slibuje prosperitu.<\/p>\n

O tom, jak takov\u00e1 prosperita vypad\u00e1, se m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit v Austr\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 je celosv\u011btov\u00fdm etalonem \u010dist\u00e9 energie, a zejm\u00e9na v Ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 provedla kompletn\u00ed p\u0159echod na obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee Austr\u00e1lie m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby levn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed, nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, dokud vl\u00e1da neza\u010dala likvidovat v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny z uhl\u00ed v Ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako testovac\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed pro p\u0159echod na novou energetiku. Okam\u017eit\u011b se objevily probl\u00e9my v podob\u011b v\u00fdpadk\u016f proudu v d\u016fsledku nestability v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny ze slune\u010dn\u00edho a v\u011btrn\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V roce 2017 bylo nutn\u00e9 odstranit vznikl\u00fd nedostatek, a to odpojen\u00edm zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a op\u011btovn\u00fdm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm odstaven\u00fdch plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. „R\u016fst v\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie v Austr\u00e1lii by m\u011bl b\u00fdt poh\u0159ebn\u00edm zvonem pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00ed, ale fosiln\u00ed paliva nach\u00e1zej\u00ed nov\u00fd \u017eivot a mohou p\u0159il\u00e1kat dotace na udr\u017een\u00ed sv\u011btel,<\/i>“ napsala agentura Reuters.<\/p>\n

Pro spot\u0159ebitele to od roku 2000 znamenalo trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za elekt\u0159inu. Ocel\u00e1\u0159i ve spole\u010dnosti BlueScope Steel za\u010dali reptat, \u017ee ceny elekt\u0159iny v Austr\u00e1lii jsou 5-10kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v USA.<\/p>\n

Sazby za elekt\u0159inu v Austr\u00e1lii od p\u0159echodu na ekologick\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed neust\u00e1le rostou a nen\u00ed d\u016fvod o\u010dek\u00e1vat jejich dal\u0161\u00ed pokles.<\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1visl\u00ed austral\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee zem\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout stabiln\u00edch dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny bez uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n

V USA, domov\u011b zelen\u00e9 energie, se v\u0161ak rozhodli jinak a experiment ukon\u010dili. Elon Musk\u00a0sl\u00edbil<\/a>, \u017ee postav\u00ed v\u00fdkonnou baterii, kter\u00e1 vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my Ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie. Australsk\u00fd vl\u00e1dn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad\u00a0za\u010dal fal\u0161ovat<\/a>\u00a0klimatick\u00e9 statistiky, aby podpo\u0159il zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice do zelen\u00e9 energie. Ze z\u00e1znam\u016f mizely \u00fadaje o n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, aby nikdo nezpochyb\u0148oval glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

1 700 000 obyvatel Ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lie m\u00e1 nakonec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty za elekt\u0159inu v zemi (1884 dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b). Australsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u0161ak\u00a0hodl\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159echod na sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce urychlit a slibuje ob\u010dan\u016fm ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za elekt\u0159inu.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1ny samozvan\u00fdch spasitel\u016f lidstva zkr\u00e1tka neobstoj\u00ed ve zkou\u0161ce \u010dasem. Uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je „superzelen\u00e1“ elektr\u00e1rna spole\u010dnosti Drax v severn\u00edm Yorkshiru ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e1 jako palivo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 biomasu. Tato elektr\u00e1rna se\u00a0stala<\/a>\u00a0hlavn\u00edm emitentem sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v Brit\u00e1nii.<\/p>\n

Rusko se v\u00e1\u017en\u011b\u00a0p\u0159ipravuje<\/a>\u00a0na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed konferenci OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. „Moskva m\u00e1 co nab\u00eddnout,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sergej Lavrov. A je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby problematika zm\u011bny klimatu zohled\u0148ovala z\u00e1jmy v\u0161ech zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vladimir Prochvatilov<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u041c\u0412\u0424 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/a> vy\u0161el 14.10.2021 na fondsk.ru. P\u0159eklad\u00a0 Zv\u011bdavec.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za tzv. klimatick\u00fdmi c\u00edli 26. konference OSN o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu (COP26)\u00a0bude zah\u00e1jena\u00a031….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5275,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[285,29],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5454"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5454\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}