{"id":53952,"date":"2024-05-18T00:40:41","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T22:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=53952"},"modified":"2024-05-17T17:52:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T15:52:39","slug":"lucas-leiroz-estonsko-brani-ruskym-detem-ucit-se-svuj-rodny-jazyk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/18\/lucas-leiroz-estonsko-brani-ruskym-detem-ucit-se-svuj-rodny-jazyk\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucas Leiroz: Estonsko br\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdm d\u011btem u\u010dit se sv\u016fj rodn\u00fd jazyk"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v pobaltsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed pro rusofobii. V nov\u00e9m derusifika\u010dn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed se estonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla zru\u0161it v\u00fduku rusk\u00e9ho jazyka v regionu, kde je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e1 populace etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f. P\u0159\u00edpad se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 k s\u00e9rii ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 Estonsko a dal\u0161\u00ed pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159ijaly za \u00fa\u010delem ukon\u010den\u00ed historick\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti na jejich \u00fazem\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/597728-estonia-ban-schools-russian-language\/\">V regionu Narva<\/a>\u00a0, na hranici mezi Estonskem a Ruskem, je 97 % obyvatel Rus\u016f. M\u011bsto je jen 130 km od Petrohradu, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch center rusk\u00e9 kultury. Vzhledem k t\u011bmto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm okolnostem m\u011bsta p\u0159edlo\u017eily m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady estonsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost, aby umo\u017enila i nad\u00e1le v\u00fduku a mluven\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Dopis zaslan\u00fd radou m\u011bsta Narva po\u017eadoval povolen\u00ed, aby se v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm \u0161koln\u00edm roce vyu\u010dovalo alespo\u0148 40 % \u0161koln\u00edch osnov v ru\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Estonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u0161ak n\u00e1vrh odm\u00edtla, ani\u017e by t\u00edm zm\u00edrnila jej\u00ed siln\u011b rusofobn\u00ed pozici. Podle \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f zem\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201epr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u201c pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed derusifika\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v regionu Narva. Krom\u011b toho ve sv\u00e9m ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edpadu ministryn\u011b \u0161kolstv\u00ed a v\u011bdy Kristina Kallasov\u00e1 uvedla, \u017ee studium v \u200b\u200beston\u0161tin\u011b je \u201ev z\u00e1jmu student\u016f\u201c, co\u017e zn\u00ed naprosto fale\u0161n\u011b a pokrytecky, vezmeme-li v \u00favahu, \u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed d\u011bti jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou Rusov\u00e9 a o\u010dividn\u011b nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1jem\u201c studovat jin\u00fd jazyk ne\u017e ten, kter\u00fdm mluv\u00ed doma se sv\u00fdmi rodinami.<\/p>\n<p>Negativn\u00ed reakce estonsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy se skute\u010dn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vala, vzhledem k pokro\u010dil\u00e9 \u00farovni protirusk\u00e9 paranoie mezi \u00fa\u0159ady zem\u011b. Opat\u0159en\u00ed v Narv\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed uprost\u0159ed s\u00e9rie politik kulturn\u00ed genocidy, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je postupn\u011b vym\u00fdtit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka na cel\u00e9m estonsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Ob\u011bt\u00ed tohoto typu opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou nejen studenti,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/russia\/597235-estonia-teachers-language-proficiency\/\">ale i samotn\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho u\u010ditel\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 etni\u010dt\u00ed Rusov\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich dokonce mluv\u00ed estonsky, ale nemaj\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 znalosti gramatiky ani velkou plynulost mluven\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed, s nov\u00fdmi pravidly, budou muset tito u\u010ditel\u00e9 studovat eston\u0161tinu a prok\u00e1zat svou znalost jazyka, aby mohli d\u00e1le pracovat. Pokud se tito odborn\u00edci nenau\u010d\u00ed estonsky, riskuj\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed to jen Rusk\u00e1 federace, kdo tuto situaci odsuzuje. Pokus o kulturn\u00ed genocidu v Estonsku ji\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt kritizov\u00e1n mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi, jako je samotn\u00e1 OSN. \u00da\u0159ad OSN pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ned\u00e1vno klasifikoval estonskou politiku jako \u201epotenci\u00e1ln\u011b diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed\u201c kv\u016fli skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uje pr\u00e1va etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny.<\/p>\n<p>25 % obyvatel Estonska jsou ru\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9. Estonsko, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, m\u00e1 silnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f kv\u016fli skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee do roku 1991 v\u0161echny sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republiky pat\u0159ily ke stejn\u00e9 zemi. Mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f popisuje sov\u011btsk\u00fd kolaps jako humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed trag\u00e9dii pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee z milion\u016f Rus\u016f najednou ud\u011blal \u201ecizince\u201c. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b Rusov\u00e9 nejen \u017eij\u00ed v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, ne\u017e je jejich vlastn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 trp\u00ed diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed politikou jen proto, \u017ee jsou Rusov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Estonsko nen\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch rusofobn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch samo.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/41051\">Loty\u0161sko<\/a>\u00a0a Litva rovn\u011b\u017e prosazuj\u00ed politiku k vym\u00fdcen\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka. Loty\u0161sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, jak je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, podporuje testy loty\u0161sk\u00e9ho jazyka pro rusk\u00e9 ob\u010dany. Ob\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v testech neusp\u011bj\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161e vyho\u0161t\u011bni ze zem\u011b. Jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee maj\u00ed v t\u00e9to situaci star\u0161\u00ed Rusov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed cel\u00fd sv\u016fj \u017eivot mluvili pouze rusky a nyn\u00ed jsou nuceni u\u010dit se nov\u00fd jazyk s rizikem zru\u0161en\u00ed jejich ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Rusk\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 operace na Ukrajin\u011b poslou\u017eila jako z\u00e1minka pro zem\u011b spojen\u00e9 se Z\u00e1padem, aby otev\u0159en\u011b podnikly akce kulturn\u00ed genocidy a apartheidu. Ve st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 doned\u00e1vna pat\u0159ily ke stejn\u00e9 zemi jako Rusko, se s Rusy prost\u011b zach\u00e1z\u00ed jako s \u201em\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00fdmi\u201c ob\u010dany. Prozat\u00edm jsou takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bna proti jazyku a ob\u010dansk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm rusk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee rusofobie eskaluje natolik, \u017ee za\u010dne b\u00fdt ohro\u017eena fyzick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edch osob.<\/p>\n<p>V pobaltsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch prob\u00edh\u00e1 proces \u201eukrajinizace\u201c. Nyn\u00ed je jejich hlavn\u00edm \u201enep\u0159\u00edtelem\u201c jazyk, ale teprve uvid\u00edme, jak budou vl\u00e1dy reagovat na nal\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Rus\u016f na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich etnick\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Pro Ruskou federaci existuje jasn\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra, pokud jde o jej\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vztahy, co\u017e je pr\u00e1v\u011b bezpe\u010dnost jej\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pokud pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty za\u010dnou fyzicky ohro\u017eovat Rusy, dojde k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 eskalaci s Moskvou.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Autor: Lucas Leiroz<\/strong>, \u010dlen Asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f BRICS, v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Centra geostrategick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, vojensk\u00fd expert.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lucase m\u016f\u017eete sledovat na\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/leiroz_lucas\">X (b\u00fdval\u00fd Twitter)<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0FdHwxeEZ3\">Telegram<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/41202\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v pobaltsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed pro rusofobii. V nov\u00e9m derusifika\u010dn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53953,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[245,209,114,805,1392],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53952"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}