{"id":53685,"date":"2024-05-15T00:39:39","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T22:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=53685"},"modified":"2024-05-14T13:52:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T11:52:31","slug":"khalil-nasrallah-strategicka-eskalace-jemenu-do-stredomori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/15\/khalil-nasrallah-strategicka-eskalace-jemenu-do-stredomori\/","title":{"rendered":"Khalil Nasrallah: Strategick\u00e1 eskalace Jemenu do St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed operace Ansarall\u00e1hu proti izraelsk\u00e9 lodn\u00ed doprav\u011b se pr\u00e1v\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, euroasijsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest NATO ji\u017e dlouho pova\u017eovalo za svou vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e9nu, domov pro izraelsk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 a plynov\u00e9 plo\u0161iny a m\u00edsto nov\u00e9ho washingtonsk\u00e9ho \u201emola pomoci\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Na podporu Gazy provedly jemensk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly spojen\u00e9 s Ansarall\u00e1hem svou prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou operaci proti Izraeli dne 18. \u0159\u00edjna 2023. Tato operace zahrnovala st\u0159ely s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu a bezpilotn\u00ed letouny zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edstav Eilat na jihu okupovan\u00e9 Palestiny a p\u0159i\u0161la necel\u00e9 dva t\u00fddny po operaci palestinsk\u00e9ho odporu. Al-Aqsa Flood p\u0159evr\u00e1til sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 \u00fatoky n\u00e1sledovaly v rychl\u00e9 palb\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edm\u00a0\u00a0varov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0jemensk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, \u017ee \u201ebude pokra\u010dovat v kvalitativn\u00edch \u00fatoc\u00edch raketami a drony, dokud se izraelsk\u00e1 agrese nezastav\u00ed\u201c. O m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji, uprost\u0159ed zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se krveprolit\u00ed Tel Avivu v Gaze, zah\u00e1jila Sanaa sv\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na izraelsk\u00e9 a ur\u010den\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed lod\u011b v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i, \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b blokovala jejich pr\u016fchod pr\u016flivem B\u00e1b al-Mandab.<\/p>\n

\u201eF\u00e1zovan\u00e9\u201c n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed operace\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

To znamenalo pro Jemen prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 s\u00e9rie n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch operac\u00ed. Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi do\u0161lo k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu z\u00e1kazu, blokuj\u00edc\u00edmu lod\u011b z jak\u00e9koli zem\u011b v p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se k izraelsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstav\u016fm \u2013 oble\u017een\u00ed vodn\u00edch cest, stejn\u011b jako Jemen sn\u00e1\u0161el dlouh\u00fdch osm let. Rozsah operac\u00ed Sanaa se pak ve t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il o\u00a0\u00a0Indick\u00fd oce\u00e1n<\/a>\u00a0a zam\u011b\u0159oval se na izraelsk\u00e1 plavidla pluj\u00edc\u00ed po mnohem del\u0161\u00ed trase Mysu Dobr\u00e9 nad\u011bje \u2013 kolem africk\u00e9ho kontinentu \u2013 za \u00fa\u010delem dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed do okupa\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Izraelsk\u00e1 lodn\u00ed trasa p\u0159ed a po blok\u00e1d\u011b Jemenu<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jak nap\u011bt\u00ed eskalovalo a na ochranu Izraele, spojily americk\u00e9 a britsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly dohromady zch\u00e1tralou koalici nearabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, operaci Prosperity Guardian, aby zas\u00e1hly Jemen \u2013 zemi ji\u017e zpusto\u0161enou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deseti lety bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f podporovan\u00fdch USA.<\/p>\n

To vyvolalo r\u00e1znou a okam\u017eitou reakci jemensk\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily sv\u016fj c\u00edlov\u00fd dost\u0159el tak, aby zahrnovaly\u00a0\u00a0americk\u00e9 a britsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a pozd\u011bji roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily sv\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fsobi\u0161t\u011b do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Ale jak izraelsk\u00e9 hrozby invaze a bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Rafahu v posledn\u00edch dnech zes\u00edlily, Sanaa ozn\u00e1mila za\u010d\u00e1tek \u010dtvrt\u00e9 f\u00e1ze eskalace, co\u017e je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst v jejich vojensk\u00e9 reakci.<\/p>\n

Tato f\u00e1ze se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na izraelsk\u00e9 lod\u011b nebo lod\u011b m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do izraelsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f ve\u00a0\u00a0St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a uval\u00ed komplexn\u00ed sankce na v\u0161echna plavidla spojen\u00e1 se spole\u010dnostmi, kter\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavy okupovan\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Krom\u011b toho se opat\u0159en\u00ed budou vztahovat na v\u0161echna lodn\u00ed plavidla a spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 doru\u010duj\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed do Izraele, bez ohledu na jejich kone\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed. To jim \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u0161ech jemensk\u00fdch provozn\u00edch vodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010dtvrt\u00e9 f\u00e1ze je jasn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konfliktn\u00ed z\u00f3ny o St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e a zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele, kter\u00fd je ekonomicky z\u00e1visl\u00fd na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm obchodu. Pro Tel Aviv a jeho spojence p\u0159edstavuje obnovenou v\u00fdzvu a zvy\u0161uje tlak, zejm\u00e9na na Washington a jeho evropsk\u00e9 partnery.<\/p>\n

Rozsah operac\u00ed Jemenu proti izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprav\u011b<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Strategick\u00fd krok Sanaa je na\u010dasov\u00e1n s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi jedn\u00e1n\u00edmi o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch Ham\u00e1s, kter\u00fd \u010del\u00ed intenzivn\u00edmu tlaku, aby p\u0159ijal podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro Izrael, a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f daleko za hranicemi Jemenu.<\/p>\n

Jemensk\u00fd \u201eohniv\u00fd kruh\u201c \u2013 jeho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dosah \u2013 nyn\u00ed zahrnuje Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Arabsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Adensk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, Indick\u00fd oce\u00e1n a St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e. Na sou\u0161i se Sanaa zam\u011b\u0159uje na ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed geografick\u00e9 hloubky Izraele, zejm\u00e9na jeho ji\u017en\u00edch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 soused\u00ed s Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em.<\/p>\n

V mnoha projevech v\u016fdce Ansarall\u00e1hu Abdul Malik al-Houthi zd\u016fraznil ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed pokrok Jemenu ve vojensk\u00fdch schopnostech, a to jak kvantitativn\u011b, tak kvalitativn\u011b. Tato vylep\u0161en\u00ed jsou umo\u017en\u011bna r\u016fzn\u00fdmi faktory, zejm\u00e9na testov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich arzen\u00e1lu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011blo vzd\u00e1len\u00fd sebevra\u017eedn\u00fd dron m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na lo\u010f v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i, vybaven\u00fd kamerou na p\u0159\u00eddi. Krom\u011b toho do\u0161lo v Jemenu k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu pokroku v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fdch a balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el: podle vojensk\u00fdch analytik\u016f\u00a0 byly\u00a0poprv\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v historii nasazeny protilodn\u00ed balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely proti n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm plavidl\u016fm, co\u017e je kvalitativn\u00ed pokrok ve vojensk\u00e9 ta\u0161ce trik\u016f Ansarall\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Strategick\u00fd vzestup Sanaa\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Mujib Shamsan, p\u0159edseda v\u00fdboru jemensk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch pro m\u00e9dia, v rozhovoru pro\u00a0\u00a0The Cradle<\/i>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Sanaa t\u011b\u017eila z jej\u00edch operac\u00ed a konfrontace s americk\u00fdmi a britsk\u00fdmi silami, aby urychlila sv\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/p>\n

To je jasn\u011b patrn\u00e9 ze srovn\u00e1n\u00ed operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 provedla od za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed a\u017e do konce. Operace v Adensk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, Arabsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i a Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, kde dok\u00e1zala pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b kumulovat a rozv\u00edjet sv\u00e9 schopnosti, a\u0165 u\u017e na \u00farovni raketov\u00e9ho vojska, bezpilotn\u00edho letectva nebo jin\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch zbran\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e obch\u00e1zela r\u016fzn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 s\u00edly. syst\u00e9my, nau\u010dit se mnoho taktik, jak jim \u010delit, a dokonce je p\u0159iv\u00e9st do stavu selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Selh\u00e1n\u00ed dvou z\u00e1padn\u00edch koalic oddan\u00fdch ma\u0159en\u00ed jemensk\u00e9ho obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele se stalo v\u0161em zjevn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku dubna zvedli r\u016fzn\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed velitel\u00e9 ruce vzh\u016fru p\u0159ed zraky ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

Jerome Henry, velitel francouzsk\u00e9 fregaty FREMM t\u0159\u00eddy Akvit\u00e1nie Alsasko \u2013 nasazen\u00e9 v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i 71 dn\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b \u2013 \u0159ekl 11. dubna, \u017ee jeho lo\u010f vy\u010derpala cel\u00fd sv\u016fj bojov\u00fd arzen\u00e1l, a zat\u00edmco zam\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edstavu, aby doplnil tuto munici, vr\u00e1tit se a\u00a0\u00a0\u010delit nemo\u017en\u00e9 misi<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Tuto \u00farove\u0148 ohro\u017een\u00ed jsme nutn\u011b ne\u010dekali. Do\u0161lo k neomezen\u00e9mu n\u00e1sil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo docela p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 a velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9. [Jemenci] nev\u00e1haj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat drony, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9taj\u00ed na vodn\u00ed hladin\u011b, explodovat je na komer\u010dn\u00edch lod\u00edch a odpalovat balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201ePo st\u00e1vk\u00e1ch [Jemenu] jsme museli prov\u00e9st nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fl tuctu asistenc\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl Henry francouzsk\u00e9mu listu\u00a0\u00a0Le Figaro<\/i>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1tkem dubna kontradmir\u00e1l Vasileios Gryparis, \u0159eck\u00fd velitel operace EU Aspides,\u00a0\u00a0varoval<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee jeho mise neusp\u011bje, kdy\u017e\u00a0 budou k dispozici\u00a0pouze t\u0159i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0k ochran\u011b z\u00e1silek p\u0159es \u00fa\u017einu B\u00e1b al-Mandab. Od \u201ezah\u00e1jen\u00ed operace Aspides dne 19. \u00fanora 2024 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 ohro\u017een\u00ed stejn\u00e1,\u201c posteskl si Gryparis.<\/p>\n

Jemensk\u00fd brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Shamsan poukazuje na to, \u017ee selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a rostouc\u00ed rizika, jim\u017e \u010del\u00ed protijemensk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed koalice, \u201ep\u0159inutily je a jeho spojence st\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 18 lod\u00ed z d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b operac\u00ed, proto\u017ee po\u010det americk\u00fdch Lod\u011b, kter\u00e9 ode\u0161ly, dos\u00e1hly 10, zat\u00edmco osm lod\u00ed pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch evropsk\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm ode\u0161lo.\u201c<\/p>\n

Shamsan \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee rychl\u00fd rozvoj vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed Sanaa b\u011bhem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky postavil Jemen jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010de nejen v regionu, ale i glob\u00e1ln\u011b, a to d\u00edky jeho strategick\u00e9 poloze dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed na jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch cest na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i zapo\u010dala \u010dtvrt\u00e1 operace Ansarall\u00e1hu, Shamsan prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee Jemen nyn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zavedl n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed blok\u00e1du a ekonomick\u00e9 sev\u0159en\u00ed Izraele, kter\u00fd je u velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny sv\u00fdch dovoz\u016f siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch tras\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Tato blok\u00e1da zase p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou p\u00e1ku proti Tel Avivu i jeho z\u00e1padn\u00edm spojenc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nedok\u00e1zali ochr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i ani \u010delit embargu Sanaa na lod\u011b vplouvaj\u00edc\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f okupa\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Jemen m\u00e1 daleko k tomu, aby byl pouh\u00fdm politick\u00fdm a vojensk\u00fdm zapad\u00e1kem, ale prok\u00e1zal dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti a p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zm\u00e1tlo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed mocnosti. Obdivuhodn\u00e9 man\u00e9vry Sanaa v z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch ji katapultovaly do pop\u0159ed\u00ed regionu osy odporu jako \u010dlena, kter\u00fd je nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovlivnit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco se USA a jejich spojenci shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed kolem sv\u00e9ho nov\u011b\u00a0\u00a0vybudovan\u00e9ho<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201emola pomoci\u201c na st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Gazy, aby, jak mnoz\u00ed podez\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed, zkonsolidovali oblast jako budouc\u00ed m\u00edsto pro vojensk\u00e9 operace USA a ochr\u00e1nili izraelsk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 a plynov\u00e9 platformy, Jemen se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed lini\u00ed. protivn\u00edka v tom vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m divadle.<\/p>\n

Khalil Nasrallah<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed operace Ansarall\u00e1hu proti izraelsk\u00e9 lodn\u00ed doprav\u011b se pr\u00e1v\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, euroasijsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,107,1400,4945],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53685"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53685"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53687,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53685\/revisions\/53687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}