{"id":53507,"date":"2024-05-12T00:48:28","date_gmt":"2024-05-11T22:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=53507"},"modified":"2024-05-11T19:39:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T17:39:05","slug":"vetsinove-verdikty-prispely-k-56-justicnim-omylum-v-anglii-a-walesu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/12\/vetsinove-verdikty-prispely-k-56-justicnim-omylum-v-anglii-a-walesu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 verdikty p\u0159isp\u011bly k 56 justi\u010dn\u00edm omyl\u016fm v Anglii a Walesu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 56 justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f bylo\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/article\/2024\/may\/07\/majority-verdicts-facilitated-56-miscarriages-of-justice-in-england-and-wales-charity-says\">zaznamen\u00e1no<\/a> \u00a0v Anglii a Walesu, kdy\u017e byly poroty rozd\u011bleny, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 charitativn\u00ed organizace The Appeal, kter\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1sada jednomyslnosti poroty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt znovu zavedena, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm odsouzen\u00edm za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Studie Appeal, charitativn\u00ed organizace\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.uoregon.edu\/manage\/research-integrity-compliance\/human-subjects-research\/appeal-process\">zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0na\u00a0\u00a0<strong>justi\u010dn\u00ed omyly<\/strong>\u00a0, zjistila, \u017ee\u00a0 verdikty\u00a0<strong>v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 poroty<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bly k nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm odsouzen\u00edm ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 56 p\u0159\u00edpadech. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Andrewa\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2023\/jul\/26\/appeal-court-overturns-manchester-rape-conviction-of-man-who-spent-17-years-in-jail-andrew-malkinson\">Malkinsona<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil\u00a0\u00a0<strong>17 let ve v\u011bzen\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0za zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nesp\u00e1chal;\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Barry\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk\/2008\/aug\/01\/jilldando.ukcrime1\">George<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd byl\u00a0\u00a0<strong>nepr\u00e1vem odsouzen\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0za vra\u017edu Jill Dando; a\u00a0<strong>\u00a0Winston\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/oct\/13\/winston-trew-to-clear-his-name\">Trew<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0, uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fd v Lond\u00fdn\u011b za kr\u00e1de\u017e a \u00fatok na policii, kter\u00e9ho se nedopustil. Odborn\u00edci na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det\u00a0 zru\u0161en\u00fdch\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdch\u00a0\u00a0<strong>rozsudk\u016f poroty m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0<\/strong><strong>mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0, ale neexistuj\u00ed o tom \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m v soudn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu v Anglii a Walesu, kter\u00fd je podle autor\u016f studie t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eKdyby po\u017eadavek jednomyslnosti poroty nebyl v roce 1967 zru\u0161en, klient Appeal Andy Malkinson by se mohl vyhnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 17 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed. Dva Andyho porotci si nebyli jisti jeho vinou, ale jejich pochybnosti byly p\u0159ehlasov\u00e1ny. Soudy a Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) by m\u011bly spo\u010d\u00edtat, kolik zru\u0161en\u00fdch rozsudk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim byly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny, bylo vr\u00e1ceno porotami, kter\u00e9 hlasovaly jako \u201enevinn\u00e9\u201c, abychom mohli studovat dopad na justi\u010dn\u00ed omyly,\u201c \u0159ekla\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Nisha Waller<\/strong> , spoluautorka studie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 verdikty, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dv\u011bma porotc\u016fm z 12 nesouhlasit, nebo jednomu, kdy\u017e je porotc\u016f 10 nebo 11, tvo\u0159\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<strong>podle zpr\u00e1vy asi 15 % verdikt\u016f korunn\u00edho soudu ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum Appeal, kter\u00fd zkoumal motivace pro zaveden\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdch rozsudk\u016f v trestn\u00edch procesech v Anglii a Walesu, zjistil, \u017ee \u0161lo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b o touhu rozm\u011blnit vliv etnick\u00fdch men\u0161in a lid\u00ed z d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy na poroty. Auto\u0159i studie srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed nedostate\u010dnou kontrolu v\u00fdkonu poroty ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u2013 kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm podle z\u00e1kona Contempt of Court \u2013 s USA, kde literatura\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u201eposkytuje p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee rasa ovliv\u0148uje rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed poroty a v\u00fdsledky soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8222;Z\u00e1kon o pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd zakazuje diskusi o tom, co se stalo b\u011bhem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, je obrovskou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro studium d\u016fsledk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdch verdikt\u016f poroty v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech,&#8220; uvedli experti na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zpr\u00e1va citovala p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy porotci\u00a0<strong>\u00a0v jednac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy z diskriminace<\/strong>\u00a0a ob\u017ealovan\u00ed se n\u00e1sledn\u011b proti sv\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed odvolali, ale ochrana utajen\u00ed soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed porotou\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u201em\u011bla p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed snahou zabr\u00e1nit rasismu nebo zaujatosti v\u016f\u010di ob\u017ealovan\u00fdm ze strany porotc\u016f\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ePoroty jsou jedin\u00fdmi subjekty s rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu trestn\u00ed justice, kter\u00e9 nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu. I kdy\u017e porotci b\u011bhem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy z rasismu a zaujatosti, soudy je odm\u00edtly vy\u0161et\u0159ovat,\u201c \u0159ekla\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Nisha Wallerov\u00e1<\/strong>\u00a0, spoluautorka studie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Trew, jeden z n\u011bkolika mu\u017e\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u201enastavil\u201c rasistick\u00fd policista ser\u017eant\u00a0<strong>\u00a0Derek Ridgewell<\/strong>\u00a0, \u0159ekl:\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u201eDva porotci v m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebyli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o m\u00e9 vin\u011b, ale jejich pochybnosti byly zavr\u017eeny. Neb\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho pravidla poroty, nebyl bych odsouzen za zlo\u010diny, kter\u00e9 jsem nesp\u00e1chal, a nestr\u00e1vil bych t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 let, v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u017eivota, pokou\u0161en\u00edm se o\u010distit sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.\u201c Dnes je pravidlo v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho trestu pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159edch\u016fdce nespravedliv\u00e9ho odsouzen\u00ed a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt zru\u0161eno.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum charitativn\u00ed organizace Appeal zjistil, \u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<strong>poroty neodsuzuj\u00ed jednomysln\u011b v\u00edce \u010dern\u00fdch ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch ne\u017e b\u00edl\u00fdch<\/strong>\u00a0a u \u010dern\u00fdch porotc\u016f je dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budou hlasovat proti v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ne\u017e u b\u00edl\u00fdch porotc\u016f. Nav\u00edc, proto\u017ee porotci obecn\u011b uva\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<strong>mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu<\/strong>\u00a0p\u0159i absenci jednomyslnosti , kvalita jedn\u00e1n\u00ed poroty trp\u00ed, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b\u00a0<strong>\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k nespravedliv\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed nevinn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aktivist\u00e9 za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z Anti-Repression Foundation upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na rostouc\u00ed po\u010det\u00a0\u00a0<strong>ob\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0v Anglii a Walesu. Odborn\u00edci nadace pova\u017euj\u00ed za nutn\u00e9 obnovit princip\u00a0\u00a0<strong>jednomyslnosti poroty<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0, aby se chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm odsouzen\u00edm za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fondfbr.ru\/stati\/wrongful-convicted-england-wales\/\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 56 justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f bylo\u00a0\u00a0zaznamen\u00e1no \u00a0v Anglii a Walesu, kdy\u017e byly poroty rozd\u011bleny, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 charitativn\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[33,2110,7278,1307,303,1135,724],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53509,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53507\/revisions\/53509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}