{"id":53373,"date":"2024-05-10T00:39:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T22:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=53373"},"modified":"2024-05-09T20:41:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T18:41:33","slug":"zbynek-fiala-kdo-koho-jak-zdima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/10\/zbynek-fiala-kdo-koho-jak-zdima\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Kdo koho jak \u017ed\u00edm\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise zahajuje \u010dinnost st\u0159ediska, ze kter\u00e9ho bychom se mohli kone\u010dn\u011b dozv\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 jsou rozd\u00edly mezi n\u00e1kupn\u00edmi a prodejn\u00edmi cenami v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Pad\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed argument, \u017ee to nejde.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9 komise z\u00a0prvn\u00ed p\u016fli dubna sd\u011bluje, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 komise se kone\u010dn\u011b rozhoupala ke spln\u011bn\u00ed slibu, \u017ee umo\u017en\u00ed sledovat v\u00fdvoj cen mezi zem\u011bd\u011blci, zpracovateli a obchodem, a to v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty a dosa\u017een\u00fdch ziskov\u00fdch mar\u017e\u00ed. \u00datvar s\u00a0anglick\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem\u00a0EU agri-food chain Observatory (AFCO)<\/em>, \u010dili st\u0159edisko pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsko-potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce, m\u00e1 b\u00fdt neform\u00e1ln\u00ed org\u00e1n trval\u00e9ho charakteru, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt a\u017e 80 \u010dlen\u016f z\u00a0\u0159ad n\u00e1rodn\u00edch dohl\u00e9dac\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch obor\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 stakeholder\u016f z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho produk\u010dn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\n

Maj\u00ed tam tedy b\u00fdt z\u00e1stupci farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, dodavatel\u00e9 vstup\u016f, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, obchodn\u00edci, doprava, logistika, maloobchod i spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9. Ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce st\u0159ediska umo\u017en\u00ed vypracovat metodiky pro hodnocen\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed struktury n\u00e1klad\u016f a rozd\u011blen\u00ed mar\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty v potravinov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsko-potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd datov\u00fd port\u00e1l bude roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en o zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch relevantn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou v\u0161em dostupn\u00e9 online. To by mohlo zahrnovat \u00fadaje o n\u00e1kladech a mar\u017e\u00edch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch potravinov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzva pro z\u00e1jemce o \u00fa\u010dast v\u00a0tomto st\u0159edisku byla vyd\u00e1na 9. dubna a plat\u00ed do 13. kv\u011btna.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/agriculture.ec.europa.eu\/news\/commission-starts-setting-agriculture-and-food-chain-observatory-2024-04-09_en<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/transparency\/expert-groups-register\/screen\/expert-groups\/consult\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Vypad\u00e1 to tedy docela p\u011bkn\u011b. Nesm\u00edme v\u0161ak p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee \u201ec\u00edlem je zv\u00fd\u0161it transparentnost cen, struktury n\u00e1klad\u016f a rozd\u011blen\u00ed mar\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty v dodavatelsk\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci\u00a0p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel d\u016fv\u011brnosti a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<\/strong>.\u201c (Zv\u00fdrazn\u011bno mnou.) Znamen\u00e1 to tedy, \u017ee st\u0159edisko AFCO sm\u00ed ty hr\u016fzy okr\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f i zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f zjistit, ale nesm\u00ed v\u00e1m to \u0159\u00edct? A co by se pak publikovalo online? N\u011bjak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed indexy?<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu, kdybychom m\u011bli k\u00a0dispozici aspo\u0148 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1kupn\u00ed a prodejn\u00ed ceny, k\u00a0tomu ceny extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nebo strukturovan\u00e9 podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch segment\u016f tohoto \u0159et\u011bzce (velk\u00e9, mal\u00e9, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed), u\u017e bychom se hnuli z\u00a0m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n

Uveden\u00e9 st\u0159edisko AFCO m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nov\u00fdm prvkem boje proti nekal\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm praktik\u00e1m, kter\u00fdmi se EK u\u017e tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das zab\u00fdv\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 sm\u011brnice byla vyd\u00e1na roku 2019, ale u n\u00e1s byla vt\u011blena do novely z\u00e1kona o v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed s\u00edle a\u017e na konci roku 2022. Bruselsk\u00fd dikt\u00e1t se tedy da\u0159ilo zabrzdit, aby neohrozil dom\u00e1c\u00ed dikt\u00e1t spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, jeho\u017e vrcholn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00a0minul\u00fdch dvou letech n\u00e1s vynesla a\u017e na \u0161pi\u010dku evropsk\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku r\u016fstu cen potravin.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m boje proti nekal\u00fdm tr\u017en\u00edm praktik\u00e1m letos pro\u0161el d\u016fkladnou prov\u011brkou a v\u00fdsledkem je hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va ze 24. dubna, o kter\u00e9 najdete informaci na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u00da\u0159adu pro ochranu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/uohs.gov.cz\/cs\/vyznamna-trzni-sila\/aktuality-z-vyznamne-trzni-sily\/3873-evropska-komise-vyhodnotila-dosavadni-ucinnost-smernice-o-nekalych-obchodnich-praktikach.html<\/a><\/p>\n

To nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed najdeme ve zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee pov\u011bdom\u00ed o existenci pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy omezuj\u00edc\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed s\u00edlu odb\u011bratel\u016f (\u010desky \u2013 hlavn\u011b maloobchodn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f) je st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9, v\u00ed o n\u011bm jen 38 % respondent\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina o n\u011bm nev\u00ed nic, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sign\u00e1lem toho, \u017ee se v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti ani nic ned\u011bl\u00e1. \u00da\u0159ady jsou ne\u010dinn\u00e9, jejich ochrann\u00e1 funkce je jen teoretick\u00e1 a je vyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 jen pro podobn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy a studie, n\u011bjakou tu diplomku a mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b hezk\u00fd v\u00fdlet na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenci.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159itom nekal\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed prakticky jsou oborem, kter\u00fd vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1:<\/p>\n

\u201eNej\u010dast\u011bji zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi nekal\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi praktikami byly\u00a0opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 platby\u00a0za zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 produkty podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze nebo nepodl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze (50 % a 13 %), platby nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed s konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed transakc\u00ed\u00a0(7 %), platby po\u017eadovan\u00e9 od dodavatele\u00a0za marketingov\u00e9 akce (7 %), jako\u017e i za skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed a zalistov\u00e1n\u00ed (7 %). P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 41 % zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch nekal\u00fdch praktik bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno na maloobchodn\u00ed \u00farovni (47 % v roce 2022), 36 % na \u00farovni potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (27 % v roce 2022) a 22 % na \u00farovni velkoobchodn\u00edho obchodu (25 % v roce 2022).\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edsla ozdoben\u00e1 procenty ozna\u010duj\u00ed to, co se nesm\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee. Berme je p\u0159itom s\u00a0rezervou, proto\u017ee, kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady po\u0159\u00e1d mhou\u0159\u00ed oko, div o n\u011b nep\u0159ijdou, t\u011b\u017eko je o moc v\u00edc pootev\u0159ou p\u0159i n\u011bjak\u00e9 prov\u011brce. I tak v\u0161ak zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee polovina v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti plateb zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b. Pak se divte, \u017ee b\u011bhaj\u00ed po ulic\u00edch a skl\u00e1daj\u00ed hn\u016fj p\u0159ed \u00da\u0159adem vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159ad pro ochranu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee svoji ne\u010dinnost vysv\u011btluje t\u00edm, \u017ee pln\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona bylo p\u0159ibrzd\u011bno jeho opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm:<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce prob\u00edhalo p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e m\u011bly v\u0161echny subjekty v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsko-potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m sektoru \u010das p\u0159izp\u016fsobit svoje smlouvy s\u00a0dodavateli nov\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm. \u00da\u0159ad v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b nemohl zahajovat spr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale zam\u011b\u0159il se na eduka\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost, kdy\u017e uskute\u010dnil des\u00edtky \u0161kolen\u00ed a semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro oborov\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, potravin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a obchodn\u00edk\u016f, v\u00a0jejich\u017e r\u00e1mci podrobn\u011b informoval o nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprav\u011b. V\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru roku pak \u00da\u0159ad rozb\u011bhl v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b des\u00edtky sektorov\u00fdch \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, v\u00a0jejich\u017e r\u00e1mci p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1val, zda odb\u011bratel\u00e9 nov\u00e1 pravidla pln\u00ed. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2024 pak \u00da\u0159ad na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch pochyben\u00ed zahajuje spr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vede s\u00a0p\u011bti potravin\u00e1\u0159i a obchodn\u00edky.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Nakonec se tedy hn\u016fj na chodn\u00edku p\u0159ecejen n\u011bkam provon\u011bl.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o evropsk\u00e9 st\u0159edisko AFCO, n\u011bco z\u00a0jeho zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed snad vyleze ven. Jak zpr\u00e1va o v\u00fdzv\u011b k jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed,\u00a0\u201e\u010dlenov\u00e9 si budou rovn\u011b\u017e vym\u011b\u0148ovat informace o obchodn\u00edch praktik\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 pozitivn\u011b \u010di negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hladk\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce. Vym\u011b\u0148ovat by se mohly tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch produkt\u016f nebo odv\u011btv\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Kojme se nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto informa\u010dn\u00ed necky pote\u010dou a obr\u00e1t\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161 prosp\u011bch pravidlo, \u017ee co se nesm\u00ed, to se p\u0159i tro\u0161e obratnosti m\u016f\u017ee. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed zbran\u00ed proti nenasytnosti jsou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fadaje, zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed, kdo se cpe a kdo kv\u016fli tomu hladov\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zased\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ediska by se m\u011blo uskute\u010dnit v \u010dervenci 2024 pod veden\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u00fatvaru Evropsk\u00e9 komise, v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editelstv\u00ed pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. St\u0159edisko se bude sch\u00e1zet nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b na plen\u00e1rn\u00edch zased\u00e1n\u00edch a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby bude po\u0159\u00e1dat dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0ad hoc<\/em>\u00a0zased\u00e1n\u00ed ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm. V souladu se z\u00e1sadami transparentnosti budou v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 dokumenty (v\u010detn\u011b po\u0159adu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1pis\u016f z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed) zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny v rejst\u0159\u00edku odborn\u00fdch skupin. St\u0159edisko se z\u0159izuje na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u011bti let.<\/p>\n

Rozumn\u00e9 by bylo, kdyby n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho vzniklo i na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, tedy v\u00a0\u010cesku. Ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed to v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my, kv\u016fli kter\u00fdm je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f na pokraji zoufalstv\u00ed, ale bylo by to dobr\u00e9 zrcadlo \u010dinnosti vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla bd\u00edt nad kvalitou tr\u017en\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f, kdy\u017e u\u017e si ta na\u0161e ekonomika \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed. Nikoliv urvn\u00ed, hltn\u00ed, du\u0161n\u00ed nebo krvesajn\u00e1, ve kter\u00e9 jsou vztahy nastaveny jinak.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 komise zahajuje \u010dinnost st\u0159ediska, ze kter\u00e9ho bychom se mohli kone\u010dn\u011b dozv\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 jsou rozd\u00edly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,59,41,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53373"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53373\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}