{"id":53199,"date":"2024-05-08T00:35:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T22:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=53199"},"modified":"2024-05-07T18:24:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T16:24:07","slug":"k-izraelske-hruze-hamas-vraci-do-centra-pozornosti-reseni-dvou-statu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/08\/k-izraelske-hruze-hamas-vraci-do-centra-pozornosti-reseni-dvou-statu\/","title":{"rendered":"K izraelsk\u00e9 hr\u016fze Hamas vrac\u00ed do centra pozornosti \u201e\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dvou st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Izrael nejen\u017ee nedok\u00e1zal porazit Ham\u00e1s, ale je zatahov\u00e1n do diskus\u00ed o palestinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti, kterou jeho genocida v Gaze vr\u00e1tila do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agendy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Po sedmi m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch brut\u00e1ln\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na Gazu je naprosto jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se Izraeli nepoda\u0159ilo Ham\u00e1s vym\u00fdtit. M\u00edsto toho, aby dos\u00e1hl rozhodn\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, okupa\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1t se ocit\u00e1, \u017ee je p\u0159itahov\u00e1n kop\u00e1n\u00edm a k\u0159ikem do vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o dvoust\u00e1tn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez ohledu na nepraktickost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho, suver\u00e9nn\u00edho palestinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu na okupovan\u00e9m Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu, ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b a v p\u00e1smu Gazy se tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm navzdory dlouhodob\u00e9mu odporu izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Jde o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee strategi\u00ed Tel Avivu, jak ji formuloval poradce pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku Ophir Falk, bylo hlavn\u011b \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zni\u010dit Ham\u00e1s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a jeho vojensk\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed kapacity \u00fapln\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes je mo\u017enost dvou st\u00e1t\u016f hore\u010dn\u011b resuscitov\u00e1na ve Washingtonu, na v\u0161ech m\u00edstech, a oddan\u00fdmi spojenci Tel Avivu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Martin Indyk, b\u00fdval\u00fd americk\u00fd velvyslanec v Izraeli a oddan\u00fd zast\u00e1nce okupa\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, v\u00a0 \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/span>Foreign Affairs<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0tvrd\u00ed \u00a0, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dvou st\u00e1t\u016f nen\u00ed ani zdaleka \u201emrtv\u00e9\u201c, ale nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jedinou rozumnou hrou ve m\u011bst\u011b:<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fvod tohoto o\u017eiven\u00ed nen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fd. K dvoust\u00e1tn\u00edmu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je ostatn\u011b jen m\u00e1lo mo\u017en\u00fdch alternativ. Existuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Hamasu, kter\u00fdm je zni\u010den\u00ed Izraele. Existuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 ultrapravice, kter\u00fdm je izraelsk\u00e1 anexe Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu, demont\u00e1\u017e Palestinsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy (PA) a deportace Palestinc\u016f do jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Existuje p\u0159\u00edstup \u201ezvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed konflikt\u016f\u201c, kter\u00fd v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed prosazoval izraelsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r\u00a0\u00a0Benjamin Netanjahu<\/a>\u00a0a jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo zachovat status quo na neur\u010dito \u2013 a sv\u011bt vid\u011bl, jak to fungovalo. A existuje my\u0161lenka binacion\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu, ve kter\u00e9m by se \u017did\u00e9 stali men\u0161inou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by skon\u010dil status Izraele jako \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 z t\u011bchto alternativ by konflikt nevy\u0159e\u0161ila \u2013 alespo\u0148 ne bez zp\u016fsoben\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. A tak m\u00e1-li b\u00fdt konflikt vy\u0159e\u0161en m\u00edrovou cestou, je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve dvou st\u00e1tech jedinou my\u0161lenkou, kter\u00e1 z\u016fstala zachov\u00e1na.<\/em><\/p>\n

Odzbrojen\u00ed za st\u00e1tnost?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V \u0161iroce medializovan\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch minul\u00fd t\u00fdden Khalil al-Hayya, z\u00e1stupce \u0161\u00e9fa Hamasu v Gaze, zjevn\u011b podporuje hranice z roku 1967 pro budouc\u00ed palestinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhovoru pro\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>AP<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0Hayya hovo\u0159il o \u201epln\u011b suver\u00e9nn\u00edm palestinsk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu a v p\u00e1smu Gazy ao n\u00e1vratu palestinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f v souladu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi rezolucemi\u201c pod\u00e9l izraelsk\u00fdch hranic p\u0159ed rokem 1967.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak bylo, \u017ee nazna\u010dil, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo hnut\u00ed odporu, brig\u00e1dy Al-Qassam, by se mohlo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rozpustit a\/nebo slo\u017eit sv\u00e9 k\u00e1dry do palestinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echny zku\u0161enosti lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali proti okupant\u016fm, kdy\u017e se osamostatnili a z\u00edskali sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a sv\u016fj st\u00e1t, co tyto s\u00edly ud\u011blaly? Prom\u011bnili se v politick\u00e9 strany a jejich obrann\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 s\u00edly se zm\u011bnily v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1du.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto aby tyto mo\u017enosti p\u0159ijal, Falk odm\u00edtl Hayyu jako \u201evysoko postaven\u00e9ho teroristu\u201c a sna\u017eil se p\u0159esm\u011brovat konverzaci zp\u011bt k ne\u00fastupn\u00fdm izraelsk\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVl\u00e1da premi\u00e9ra Netanjahua stanovila misi, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zni\u010dit vojensk\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed kapacity Hamasu v Gaze, osvobodit rukojm\u00ed a zajistit, aby Gaza v budoucnu nep\u0159edstavovala hrozbu pro Izrael a zbytek civilizovan\u00e9ho sv\u011bta,\u201c \u0159ekl. „Tyto c\u00edle budou dosa\u017eeny.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomacie v Dauh\u00e1 a Istanbulu\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Hayya zd\u016fraz\u0148oval, \u017ee jeho n\u00e1zory jsou v souladu s historick\u00fdmi pozicemi Hamasu, jak je formuloval duchovn\u00ed v\u016fdce hnut\u00ed odporu, \u0161ejk Ahmed Yassin, v roce 1998 a zopakoval ve sv\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>chart\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0obecn\u00fdch z\u00e1sad a politik z roku 2017, jeho ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 tlaky, kter\u00fdm \u010delil. Hamas, zejm\u00e9na od politick\u00fdch spojenc\u016f Kataru a Turkiye.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto tlaky maj\u00ed za c\u00edl podpo\u0159it mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhovory na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, kter\u00e9 by mohly potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ukon\u010dit konflikt a nastolit \u201etrvalou stabilitu\u201c. Stejn\u011b jako u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky: Kdo bude m\u00edt pravomoc prosazovat tyto podm\u00ednky? Jak\u00e1 omezen\u00ed budou ulo\u017eena? To jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky pro Palestince oble\u017een\u00e9 v Gaze a pro jejich \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc \u2013 stejn\u011b jako pro Al-Qassam a cel\u00fd odpor.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1kulis\u00ed se Katar i Turkiye pod\u00edlely na formov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho diplomatick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu Ham\u00e1su. Extern\u00ed v\u016fdci hnut\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Khaleda Meshala a Ismaila Haniyeha, se \u00fa\u010dastnili diskus\u00ed zprost\u0159edkovan\u00fdch ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi v Dauh\u00e1 a Istanbulu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce, na spole\u010dn\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 konferenci se sv\u00fdm katarsk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem, \u0161ejkem Mohammedem bin Abdulrahmanem Al-Thanim, tureck\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Hakan Fidan v\u00fdslovn\u011b podpo\u0159il, a tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznil pozitivn\u00ed postoj Z\u00e1padu k zes\u00edlen\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na dvoust\u00e1tn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

„V na\u0161ich politick\u00fdch rozhovorech s Hamasem po l\u00e9ta akceptovali palestinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zalo\u017een v hranic\u00edch z roku 1967,“\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Fidan \u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u0158ekli mi, \u017ee po vzniku palestinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu u\u017e Hamas nebude pot\u0159ebovat ozbrojen\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo a bude pokra\u010dovat jako politick\u00e1 strana,\u201c dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00ed\u010d je na stran\u011b Izraele\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci Izraele dlouho sna\u017eili vylou\u010dit Ham\u00e1s ze v\u0161ech palestinsk\u00fdch proces\u016f, stalo se naprosto jasn\u00e9, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed Gazy, zejm\u00e9na brig\u00e1dy Al-K\u00e1s\u00e1m, bude hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v jak\u00e9mkoli procesu vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu pro Ham\u00e1s, kter\u00e9mu se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b poda\u0159ilo zapojit se do budouc\u00edch \u00favah nejen o Gaze, ale o Palestin\u011b jako celku. Taktick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed hnut\u00ed schv\u00e1lit hranice z roku 1967 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl nejen postavit Ham\u00e1s jako d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho vyjednava\u010de, ale tak\u00e9 strategicky postavit do rohu krajn\u011b pravicovou koali\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1du Benjamina Netanjahua.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee Hamas signalizuje ochotu k demilitarizaci v\u00fdm\u011bnou za st\u00e1tnost, chce p\u0159en\u00e9st b\u0159emeno na Tel Aviv, pohr\u00e1v\u00e1 si s inherentn\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed sv\u00e9 koali\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b urychl\u00ed jej\u00ed kolaps. Tento krok nejen zlep\u0161uje vliv Ham\u00e1su v jak\u00fdchkoli nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch, ale paradoxn\u011b se tak\u00e9 shoduje se\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1jmy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0USA \u00a0na zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu v Izraeli.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Ham\u00e1s se \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, pod tlakem nebo jako lstiv\u00e1 taktika \u2013 stal\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nezbytn\u00fdm<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0partnerem v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch a dlouhodob\u00fdch politick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch o budoucnosti Palestiny a regionu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let bylo hnut\u00ed samo nuceno zapojit se do n\u011bkolika kol nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Izraelem, zejm\u00e9na na konci prvn\u00ed dek\u00e1dy tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, kdy Hamas je\u0161t\u011b s\u00eddlil v Dama\u0161ku. To bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho region\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Ankara podn\u00edtila k omlazen\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9ho procesu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed 26 lety se Khaled Meshaal setkal s b\u00fdval\u00fdm americk\u00fdm prezidentem Jimmym Carterem v Dama\u0161ku b\u011bhem dev\u00edtidenn\u00edho turn\u00e9 po z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo prolomit patovou situaci mezi Izraelem a Hamasem na po\u010d\u00e1tku jejich spr\u00e1vy Gazy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Palestinsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed odporu m\u011blo zna\u010dn\u00fd prostor pro politick\u00e9 man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli geopolitick\u00e9mu klimatu v t\u00e9 dob\u011b. Carter uvedl, \u017ee Hamas vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ochotu p\u0159ijmout palestinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t v hranic\u00edch z roku 1967, pokud s t\u00edm Palestinci souhlas\u00ed, a uznal pr\u00e1vo Izraele na m\u00edrovou existenci jako sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nutit Izrael, aby konal v\u016fli Hamasu\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ale dnes obnoven\u00e1 s\u00edla Ham\u00e1su poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch faktor\u016f: ne\u00faprosn\u00fd, jednotn\u00fd vojensk\u00fd tlak ze strany osy odporu regionu na podporu jejich palestinsk\u00fdch spojenc\u016f a bezprecedentn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 genocidy v Gaze \u2013 jak ost\u0159e zas\u00e1hlo a zm\u00e1tlo p\u016fvodn\u00ed, p\u0159es – sebev\u011bdom\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nam\u00edsto por\u00e1\u017eky Ham\u00e1su se nyn\u00ed Izrael ocit\u00e1 na zadn\u00ed noze a zapojuje se do jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na jedin\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd nejm\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1val \u2013 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dvou st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Znepokojiv\u00e9 dilema Tel Avivu tak\u00e9 ukazuje politickou proz\u00edravost Hamasu a palestinsk\u00e9ho odporu, kte\u0159\u00ed uzn\u00e1vali u\u017eite\u010dnost tvrd\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159i dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jako c\u00edl s\u00e1m o sob\u011b \u2013 v ostr\u00e9m kontrastu s p\u0159\u00edstupem Izraele b\u011bhem tohoto konfliktu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po operaci Al-Aks\u00e1 Povode\u0148 si Ham\u00e1s zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 svou \u0159adu schopnost\u00ed, znamen\u00e1 nejen o\u0161kliv\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 poko\u0159en\u00ed Tel Avivu. Izrael je dnes nucen k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o palestinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti, kter\u00e9mu se 30 dlouh\u00fdch let vytrvale vyh\u00fdbal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento posun je nepochybn\u011b podpo\u0159en bezprecedentn\u00edm\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00fdm studentsk\u00fdm protestn\u00edm hnut\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00edmi antikoloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi hlasy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00edmu boji dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011br. Tento v\u00fdvoj je dal\u0161\u00edm esem v ruce pro Ham\u00e1s a dal\u0161\u00edm h\u0159eb\u00edkem do rakve pro izraelskou p\u00e1ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Izrael nejen\u017ee nedok\u00e1zal porazit Ham\u00e1s, ale je zatahov\u00e1n do diskus\u00ed o palestinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti, kterou jeho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,347,107,312],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53199"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53199\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}