{"id":52822,"date":"2024-05-01T05:05:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T03:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=52822"},"modified":"2024-05-01T05:05:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T03:05:18","slug":"hunter-maxwell-kdo-zpusobil-migracni-krizi-v-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/05\/01\/hunter-maxwell-kdo-zpusobil-migracni-krizi-v-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hunter Maxwell: Kdo zp\u016fsobil migra\u010dn\u00ed krizi v EU?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Evropan\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce poci\u0165uj\u00ed dopad migrant\u016f. B\u011blo\u0161i mohou m\u00edt obavy z pr\u016fzkumu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00ed ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a hlavn\u00edch m\u011bstech, kde se obvykle vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ghetta. Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00e9mu Evropa \u010del\u00ed, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee navzdory v\u0161em p\u0159ijat\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u010det migrant\u016f st\u00e1le vysok\u00fd. V roce 2022 Eurostat zaznamenal v\u00edce ne\u017e 960 000 \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o status uprchl\u00edka. A\u010dkoli sou\u010dasn\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159edstavuje pouze 72 % maxima z roku 2015 (1 322 000), kvalita ukazatel\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 rok od roku stejn\u00e1. V nejrozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch Evropy byl v posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech zaznamen\u00e1n\u00a0trend n\u00e1r\u016fstu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rok 2023 nebyl v Evrop\u011b v\u00fdjimkou. Podle\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f pohrani\u010dn\u00ed agentury EU Frontex<\/a>\u00a0do\u0161lo k prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu osob p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159es St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e. To zp\u016fsobilo ur\u010dit\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed a zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch uprchl\u00edk\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina Afri\u010dan\u016f, Arab\u016f a Asiat\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vylod\u00ed na evropsk\u00fdch b\u0159ez\u00edch, se nav\u00edc nezaregistruje na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00ed, ale rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed se v\u0161emi sm\u011bry a stanou se z nich neleg\u00e1lov\u00e9. Ohromn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranice v roce 2023 p\u0159ekonalo v\u0161echny dosavadn\u00ed rekordy a dos\u00e1hlo celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 380 000 osob. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed od roku 2016 a p\u0159ekra\u010duje \u00fadaje z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch let v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 17-20 %.<\/p>\n

Migranti se z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159eorientovali z balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9 trasy na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Tento jev lze snadno vysv\u011btlit: cestuj\u00edc\u00ed na t\u00e9to trase se nemus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat s \u010detn\u00fdmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami kladen\u00fdmi pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ani hledat cestu ven z T\u00fcrkiye, zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 podle podepsan\u00e9 dohody \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159\u00edliv migrant\u016f do Evropy. Po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se vydali p\u0159es St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e za lep\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotem do Evropy, se oproti roku 2022\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161il o 57 %<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce tvo\u0159ili Sy\u0159an\u00e9 ze v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b dostat do Evropy, v\u011bt\u0161inu: v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 osob. Afgh\u00e1nci a Guinejci spolu se Sy\u0159any tvo\u0159\u00ed >1\/3.<\/p>\n

Samostatn\u011b stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku Ukrajinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se nikdy nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b Evropsk\u00e1 unie p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 4 miliony uprchl\u00edk\u016f z t\u00e9to konfliktem zm\u00edtan\u00e9 zem\u011b. Ohledn\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f z Ukrajiny se vytvo\u0159il pom\u011brn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed konsenzus (tak je vn\u00edm\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost). P\u0159esto je jejich kultura \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e1 t\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9, i kdy\u017e i mezi Ukrajinci se ob\u010das najdou vyvrhelov\u00e9 a nacist\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky jednotn\u00e9mu postoji EU byla do\u010dasn\u00e1 ochrana prodlou\u017eena do b\u0159ezna 2025. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b muslim\u016f takov\u00e1 shoda nepanuje a tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro Afri\u010dany.<\/p>\n

Evropa se rychle bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k nov\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed krizi, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 lokomotivu. P\u0159\u00edchod migrant\u016f je zdrojem obav voli\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se usilovn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit dopady na jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed politici t\u00edm budou nepochybn\u011b manipulovat ve volb\u00e1ch do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 veden\u00ed sl\u00edbilo, \u017ee probl\u00e9m neomezen\u00e9 migrace vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed v roce 2019, ale p\u0159\u00edstup Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9 a jej\u00edho t\u00fdmu byl ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

EU \u010del\u00ed nov\u00e9 hrozb\u011b: neschopnost \u0159e\u0161it migra\u010dn\u00ed krizi na nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k rozpadu a s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edmu trendu politik\u016f hledaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Lid\u00e9 se zcela p\u0159irozen\u011b za\u010dnou pt\u00e1t: \u201eK \u010demu pot\u0159ebujeme Brusel, kdy\u017e ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed na\u0161e probl\u00e9my?\u201c. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se nad touto ot\u00e1zkou zamyslelo Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a rozhodlo se pro brexit, toto rozhodnut\u00ed v\u0161ak nep\u0159ineslo zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Dnes dos\u00e1hla\u00a0migrace do Ml\u017en\u00e9ho Albionu<\/a>\u00a0neb\u00fdval\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. V roce 2015 se 40 000 osob pokusilo z\u00edskat status uprchl\u00edka. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce podalo podobnou \u017e\u00e1dost 75 000 osob. Podobn\u00e1 situace je i v It\u00e1lii, kde se po n\u00e1stupu Georgie Meloniov\u00e9 a jej\u00ed strany Fratelli d’Italia k moci v roce 2022 po\u010det migrant\u016f\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161il 1,5kr\u00e1t<\/a>\u00a0na 155 000.<\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2023 italsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Antonio Tajani\u00a0varoval<\/a>, \u017ee \u201eEvropa zav\u00edr\u00e1 o\u010di p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed novou kriz\u00ed. Zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee je nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9, aby Evropsk\u00e1 unie p\u0159epracovala svou migra\u010dn\u00ed politiku se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, kde migra\u010dn\u00ed toky rostou navzdory poklesu po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch po jin\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch. Pro \u00fasp\u011bch je nezbytn\u00e9 vypracovat migra\u010dn\u00ed politiku, kter\u00e1 bude uk\u00e1zkou soudr\u017enosti v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a spole\u010dn\u00e9ho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout spole\u010dn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Snahy o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak navrhuje pan Tajani, jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9. V \u0159ad\u00e1ch Evropan\u016f panuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho neshod. Chyb\u00ed v\u016fle a politick\u00e1 s\u00edla. P\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety si Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1 uv\u011bdomila slo\u017eitost situace. Nyn\u00ed EU zkoum\u00e1 dv\u011b strategie. Prvn\u00ed z nich je dosa\u017een\u00ed solidarity v r\u00e1mci Unie s c\u00edlem rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011blit migranty po Evrop\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na mo\u017enostech n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Druhou je podpora spolupr\u00e1ce se zem\u011bmi p\u016fvodu s c\u00edlem povzbudit migranty, aby z\u016fst\u00e1vali ve sv\u00fdch domovsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, m\u00edsto aby je opou\u0161t\u011bli. \u017d\u00e1dost o status uprchl\u00edka v EU by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pod\u00e1v\u00e1na v Tunisku nebo Egypt\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00ed budou lid\u00e9 d\u00e1le p\u0159epravov\u00e1ni do Evropy. \u00da\u010dinnost tohoto syst\u00e9mu je ohro\u017eena t\u00edm, \u017ee lid\u00e9 ne\u010dekaj\u00ed na p\u0159evoz. Hledaj\u00ed cesty, jak se dostat na \u00fazem\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

\n

Who Caused The EU Migration Crisis?<\/a> vy\u0161el 15.4.2024 na orientalreview.su. P\u0159eklad\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropan\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce poci\u0165uj\u00ed dopad migrant\u016f. B\u011blo\u0161i mohou m\u00edt obavy z pr\u016fzkumu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00ed ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14972,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,283,119,371],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52822\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}