{"id":52530,"date":"2024-04-27T00:44:29","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T22:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=52530"},"modified":"2024-04-27T06:05:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T04:05:38","slug":"zbynek-fiala-benzinova-auta-ochromila-nadvyroba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/27\/zbynek-fiala-benzinova-auta-ochromila-nadvyroba\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Benzinov\u00e1 auta ochromila nadv\u00fdroba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl narazil na odbytovou bari\u00e9ru spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f. V nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech u\u017e je p\u0159ekonaly prodeje bateriov\u00fdch voz\u016f a hybrid\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Report\u00e1\u017e americk\u00e9ho listu New York Times z\u00a0\u010c\u00edny ukazuje obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Vzestup z\u00e1jmu o elektrick\u00e1 auta umrtvuje velk\u00e9 kapacity automobilek se spalovac\u00edmi motory. Jedna takov\u00e1 stoj\u00ed na okraji \u010cchung-\u010dchingu, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. Komplex \u0161ediv\u00fdch budov spole\u010dn\u00e9ho podniku s\u00a0jihokorejskou Hyunday m\u00e1 rozlohu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed. Te\u010f je v\u0161ak zcela pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Tis\u00edce zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zde d\u0159\u00edve pracovali, musely odej\u00edt.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1vod a tov\u00e1rna na spalovac\u00ed motory za 1,1 miliardy dolar\u016f byl otev\u0159en v roce 2017 a byl vybaven roboty a dal\u0161\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologi\u00ed. Jen\u017ee pry\u010d jsou ty \u010dasy, kdy se prodalo 28,3 milionu klasick\u00fdch aut, jako kdy\u017e Hyundai sv\u016fj komplex v \u010cchung-\u010dchingu otv\u00edral. V\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce u\u017e to bylo jen 17,7 milionu takov\u00fdch aut. Je to, jako kdyby najednou vypadl cel\u00fd lo\u0148sk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd trh Evropsk\u00e9 unie nebo cel\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed produkce osobn\u00edch a lehk\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o samotnou Hyunday, prodeje t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti v \u010c\u00edn\u011b se od roku 2017 propadly o zdrcuj\u00edc\u00edch 69 procent. Kdy\u017e se pak loni v l\u00e9t\u011b zkou\u0161ela ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny zbavit, nena\u0161la \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jemce v\u00a0oboru a musela se spokojit s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee odprodala aspo\u0148 pozemky, budovy a velkou \u010d\u00e1st vybaven\u00ed zp\u011bt m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v \u010cchung-\u010dchingu. Ale to u\u017e bylo jen za p\u011btinu po\u0159izovac\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Jen\u017ee ani m\u011bstsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost zat\u00edm nena\u0161la nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1jemce.<\/p>\n

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Jak NYT uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 asi stovku tov\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny vyrobit skoro 40 milion\u016f automobil\u016f se spalovac\u00edmi motory ro\u010dn\u011b, jen\u017ee to je bohu\u017eel dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edc, ne\u017e kolik jich te\u010f lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed koupit. A prodej t\u011bchto voz\u016f d\u00e1l kles\u00e1, vytla\u010duj\u00ed je ty elektrick\u00e9. V\u00a0b\u0159eznu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku prodeje bateriov\u00fdch a plug-in hybridn\u00edch automobil\u016f v 35 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ekonaly prodeje automobil\u016f s benzinov\u00fdm motorem.<\/p>\n

Kdo m\u016f\u017ee, aspo\u0148 vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. V\u00a0exportu tvo\u0159\u00ed auta s benzinov\u00fdm motorem t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch exportovan\u00fdch voz\u016f, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u011bs\u00ed zase v\u00fdrobce v c\u00edlov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Vyv\u00e1\u017eet nemohou v\u0161ichni, mnoho ohro\u017een\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren se nach\u00e1z\u00ed podobn\u011b jako \u010cchung-\u010dching hluboko ve vnitrozem\u00ed, odkud se doprava t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu do p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f nevyplat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity i ve v\u00fdrob\u011b elektromobil\u016f. Je to vid\u011bt na pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed cenov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Kdy\u017e srazil ceny jeden z\u00a0nov\u00e1\u010dk\u016f v\u00a0oboru, rychle rostouc\u00ed Li Auto, zjistil, \u017ee Tesla u\u010dinila tot\u00e9\u017e u\u017e o den d\u0159\u00edve. Kr\u00e1tce na to v\u0161ak Tesla ozn\u00e1mila velk\u00fd pokles zisku b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho roku. Spole\u010dnost BYD, l\u00eddr odv\u011btv\u00ed, sni\u017eovala ceny v \u00fanoru. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 ceny sni\u017eovaly i Volkswagen a General Motors.<\/p>\n

Ford Motor m\u00e1 v \u010cchung-\u010dchingu t\u0159i tov\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech pracuj\u00ed na nepatrn\u00fd zlomek kapacity. Ale pracuj\u00ed. Hyundai je jen jednou z m\u00e1la automobilek, v\u011bt\u0161inou zahrani\u010dn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch zcela zastavily v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n

Dlouhodob\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee automobilky vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jen kdy\u017e pracuj\u00ed na 80 nebo v\u00edce procent kapacity. Podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu v\u0161ak po otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren na v\u00fdrobu elektromobil\u016f kleslo vyu\u017eit\u00ed kapacity v cel\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed v prvn\u00edch t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch leto\u0161n\u00edho roku na 65 %, zat\u00edmco loni to bylo 75 % a p\u0159ed pandemi\u00ed 80 % a v\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci jsou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo zcela vlastn\u011bni m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami, a tak se zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed sni\u017eovat v\u00fdrobu a ru\u0161it pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta. St\u00e1tn\u00ed automobilka Chang’an m\u00e1 tov\u00e1rnu jen 20 minut ch\u016fze od b\u00fdval\u00e9ho komplexu Hyundai. Ta zat\u00edm st\u00e1le pracuje, ale i tam je to s\u00a0prodeji slab\u0161\u00ed. Mnoho hektar\u016f parkovi\u0161t\u011b tov\u00e1rny bylo v ned\u011bli zcela zapln\u011bno neprodan\u00fdmi vozy.<\/p>\n

M\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na v\u00fdrob\u011b automobil\u016f na benzinov\u00fd pohon, jako je \u010cchung-\u010dching, \u010del\u00ed dilematu zam\u011bstnanosti. Mont\u00e1\u017e elektromobil\u016f vy\u017eaduje podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b pracovn\u00edk\u016f ne\u017e v\u00fdroba automobil\u016f s benzinov\u00fdm motorem, proto\u017ee elektromobily maj\u00ed mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010cchung-\u010dchingu nesm\u00edrn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 naj\u00edt nezam\u011bstnan\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky Hyundai, dokonce i v okol\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny. V\u011bt\u0161inou to byli lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li z\u00a0venkova a maj\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo vazeb na m\u011bsta s\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi z\u00e1vody. Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci, nevad\u00ed jim odej\u00edt do jin\u00fdch m\u011bst nebo jin\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl narazil na odbytovou bari\u00e9ru spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f. V nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech u\u017e je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22953,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,2074,30,59,1867],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52530"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}