{"id":52478,"date":"2024-04-27T00:37:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T22:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=52478"},"modified":"2024-04-26T17:28:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T15:28:33","slug":"gaza-ai-menici-rychlost-rozsah-a-poskozeni-moderni-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/27\/gaza-ai-menici-rychlost-rozsah-a-poskozeni-moderni-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaza: AI m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed rychlost, rozsah a po\u0161kozen\u00ed modern\u00ed v\u00e1lky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Izrael se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na rozhodovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, aby identifikoval a zas\u00e1hl c\u00edle v Gaze i p\u0159es hl\u00e1\u0161enou 10% m\u00edru nep\u0159esnosti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 kampa\u0148 v Gaze vstupuje do sv\u00e9ho \u0161est\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce po teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch Ham\u00e1su 7. \u0159\u00edjna, byla odborn\u00edky ozna\u010dena za jednu z nejne\u00faprosn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>a nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kampan\u00ed v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii. Je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch, kter\u00fd je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b koordinov\u00e1n algoritmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence (AI) se\u00a0<\/span>pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/span><\/a> na pomoc se v\u0161\u00edm, od identifikace a stanoven\u00ed priorit c\u00edl\u016f a\u017e po p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se maj\u00ed proti t\u011bmto c\u00edl\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Akademi\u010dt\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i se dlouho zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span>potenci\u00e1l algoritm\u016f ve v\u00e1lce,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0aby zd\u016fraznili, jak zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed rychlost a rozsah boj\u016f. Ale jak ukazuj\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 odhalen\u00ed, algoritmy se nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a v hust\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch kontextech.<\/span><\/p>\n

To zahrnuje konflikty v\u00a0<\/span>Gaze<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>na Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ale tak\u00e9 v Jemenu, Ir\u00e1ku a S\u00fdrii, kde USA experimentuj\u00ed s algoritmy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed teroristy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>projektu Maven<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uprost\u0159ed tohoto zrychlen\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b se pod\u00edvat na to, co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ve v\u00e1lce. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tak u\u010dinit nikoli z pohledu t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou u moci, ale z pohledu d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ji vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a t\u011bch civilist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podl\u00e9haj\u00ed jej\u00edm n\u00e1siln\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm v Gaze.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje limity udr\u017een\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka ve smy\u010dce jako bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed reakce na pou\u017eit\u00ed AI ve v\u00e1lce. S t\u00edm, jak se zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm, rychlost zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se zrychluje, lidsk\u00fd dohled se sni\u017euje a rozsah civiln\u00edch \u0161kod se zvy\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rychlost c\u00edlen\u00ed<\/span><\/h4>\n

Zpr\u00e1vy izraelsk\u00fdch publikac\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>+927 Magazine<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Local Call<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnout do zku\u0161enost\u00ed 13 izraelsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch se t\u0159emi rozhodovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed v Gaze s n\u00e1zvem \u201eGospel\u201c, \u201eLavender\u201c a \u201eWhere’s Daddy?\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto syst\u00e9my jsou \u00fadajn\u011b vycvi\u010deny tak, aby rozpozn\u00e1valy rysy, o kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee charakterizuj\u00ed lidi spojen\u00e9 s vojenskou odno\u017e\u00ed Hamasu. Mezi tyto funkce pat\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9 skupin\u011b WhatsApp jako zn\u00e1m\u00fd militantn\u00ed, v\u00fdm\u011bna mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo \u010dast\u00e9 zm\u011bny adresy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9my pak maj\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b za \u00fakol analyzovat data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 o\u00a0<\/span>2,3 milionu obyvatel<\/span><\/a> Gazy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hromadn\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed syst\u00e9my p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee je dan\u00e1 osoba \u010dlenem Ham\u00e1su (Lavender), \u017ee v budov\u011b je takov\u00e1 osoba (evangelium) nebo \u017ee takov\u00e1 osoba vstoupila do jejich domova (Kde je t\u00e1ta?).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch zpravodaj\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci vysv\u011btlili, jak jim Gospel pomohl p\u0159ej\u00edt \u201ez 50 c\u00edl\u016f za rok\u201c na \u201e100 c\u00edl\u016f za jeden den\u201c \u2013 a \u017ee na sv\u00e9m vrcholu dok\u00e1zala Lavender \u201evygenerovat 37 000 lid\u00ed jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 c\u00edle. \u201c Zamysleli se tak\u00e9 nad t\u00edm, jak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zkracuje dobu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201eV t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi bych investoval 20 sekund do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho c\u00edle\u2026 jako \u010dlov\u011bk jsem m\u011bl nulovou p\u0159idanou hodnotu\u2026 u\u0161et\u0159ilo to spoustu \u010dasu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento nedostatek lidsk\u00e9ho dohledu zd\u016fvodnili ve sv\u011btle manu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly, kterou Izraelsk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 s\u00edly (IDF) provedly na vzorku n\u011bkolika stovek c\u00edl\u016f generovan\u00fdch Lavender v prvn\u00edch t\u00fddnech konfliktu v Gaze, d\u00edky nim\u017e byla \u00fadajn\u011b stanovena 90% p\u0159esnost. .<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco podrobnosti t\u00e9to ru\u010dn\u00ed kontroly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstanou utajeny, 10% m\u00edra nep\u0159esnosti u syst\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho k proveden\u00ed 37 000 rozhodnut\u00ed o \u017eivot\u011b a smrti bude ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b v\u00e9st k ni\u010div\u00e9 destruktivn\u00ed realit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jak\u00e9koli \u010d\u00edslo m\u00edry p\u0159esnosti, kter\u00e9 zn\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b vysoko, zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se bude spol\u00e9hat na algoritmick\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u00ed, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje delegovat d\u016fv\u011bru na syst\u00e9m AI. Jak \u0159ekl jeden d\u016fstojn\u00edk IDF \u010dasopisu +927: \u201eKv\u016fli rozsahu a velikosti byl protokol takov\u00fd, \u017ee i kdy\u017e si nejste jisti, \u017ee je stroj spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, v\u00edte, \u017ee statisticky je v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Tak jdi do toho.“<\/span><\/p>\n

IDF tato odhalen\u00ed pop\u0159ela v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pro The Guardian<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Mluv\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl, \u017ee a\u010dkoli IDF pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u201en\u00e1stroje pro spr\u00e1vu informac\u00ed [\u2026], aby pomohla zpravodajsk\u00fdm analytik\u016fm shroma\u017e\u010fovat a optim\u00e1ln\u011b analyzovat zpravodajsk\u00e9 informace z\u00edskan\u00e9 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 syst\u00e9m AI, kter\u00fd identifikuje teroristick\u00e9 agenty\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Guardian<\/span><\/a> v\u0161ak od t\u00e9 doby zve\u0159ejnil video s vysok\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitelem izraelsk\u00e9 elitn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 jednotky 8200, kter\u00fd loni hovo\u0159il o pou\u017eit\u00ed \u201emagick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku\u201c strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed k identifikaci c\u00edl\u016f Hamasu v Gaze.<\/span><\/p>\n

Noviny tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>potvrdily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee velitel stejn\u00e9 jednotky v roce 2021 pod pseudonymem napsal, \u017ee takov\u00e9 technologie um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence by vy\u0159e\u0161ily \u201elidsk\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo jak pro lokalizaci nov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, tak pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o schv\u00e1len\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozsah civiln\u00edch \u0161kod<\/span><\/h4>\n

Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence zrychluje rychlost v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, pokud jde o po\u010det vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f a \u010das na rozhodnut\u00ed o nich.<\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e tyto syst\u00e9my ze sv\u00e9 podstaty sni\u017euj\u00ed schopnost lid\u00ed kontrolovat platnost po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u011b generovan\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, sou\u010dasn\u011b zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee se tato rozhodnut\u00ed jev\u00ed objektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a statisticky spr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kv\u016fli hodnot\u011b, kterou obecn\u011b p\u0159ipisujeme po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm a jejich v\u00fdsledk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

To umo\u017e\u0148uje dal\u0161\u00ed normalizaci strojov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho zab\u00edjen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se rovn\u00e1 v\u00edce n\u00e1sil\u00ed, nikoli m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco zpr\u00e1vy v m\u00e9di\u00edch se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed, po\u010dty t\u011bl \u2013 podobn\u011b jako po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem generovan\u00e9 c\u00edle \u2013 maj\u00ed tendenci prezentovat ob\u011bti jako objekty, kter\u00e9 lze spo\u010d\u00edtat. To posiluje velmi steriln\u00ed obraz v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed realitu v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>34 000 mrtv\u00fdch, 766 000 zran\u011bn\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a zni\u010den\u00ed nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>60 % budov Gazy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch osob, nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k elekt\u0159in\u011b, potravin\u00e1m, vod\u011b a l\u00e9k\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nedok\u00e1\u017ee zd\u016fraznit d\u011bsiv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o tom, jak se tyto v\u011bci navz\u00e1jem spojuj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden civilista,\u00a0<\/span>Shorouk al-Rantisi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, byl \u00fadajn\u011b nalezen pod troskami po n\u00e1letu na uprchlick\u00fd t\u00e1bor Jabalia a musel \u010dekat 12 dn\u00ed, ne\u017e bude operov\u00e1n bez l\u00e9k\u016f proti bolesti, a nyn\u00ed \u017eije v jin\u00e9m uprchlick\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159e bez tekouc\u00ed vody. jej\u00ed r\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Algoritmick\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed krom\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tedy zhor\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch vzorc\u016f civiln\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zn\u00e1sob\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed nov\u00fdmi a nedostate\u010dn\u011b prozkouman\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Za prv\u00e9, kdy\u017e civilist\u00e9 prchaj\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch zni\u010den\u00fdch domov\u016f, \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed adresy nebo d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 telefony bl\u00edzk\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 tomu, co zpr\u00e1vy o Lavender \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee syst\u00e9m AI byl\u00a0<\/span>naprogramov\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tak, aby identifikoval pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s Hamasem. Tito civilist\u00e9 se tak nev\u011bdomky st\u00e1vaj\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fdmi ze smrt\u00edc\u00edho c\u00edlen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b c\u00edlen\u00ed tyto syst\u00e9my s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed tak\u00e9 informuj\u00ed o dal\u0161\u00edch form\u00e1ch n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Ilustrativn\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh prchaj\u00edc\u00edho b\u00e1sn\u00edka\u00a0<\/span>Mosaba Abu Toha<\/span><\/a> , kter\u00fd byl \u00fadajn\u011b zat\u010den a mu\u010den na vojensk\u00e9m kontroln\u00edm stanovi\u0161ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec\u00a0<\/span>New York Times uvedly,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee byl spolu se stovkami dal\u0161\u00edch Palestinc\u016f nepr\u00e1vem identifikov\u00e1n jako Hamas d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee IDF pou\u017e\u00edvala rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje AI a fotografie Google.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b smrt\u00ed, zran\u011bn\u00ed a ni\u010den\u00ed jsou to slo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky algoritmick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se z toho psychick\u00e9 uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed, kde lid\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou pod neust\u00e1l\u00fdm dohledem, a p\u0159itom nev\u011bd\u00ed, na jak\u00e9 behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo fyzick\u00e9 \u201erysy\u201c bude stroj p\u016fsobit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0<\/span>na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce jako analytik\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ve v\u00e1lce je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee bychom se nem\u011bli soust\u0159edit pouze na technickou zdatnost syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nebo na postavu typu human-in-the-loop jako bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu schopnost t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f m\u011bnit interakce \u010dlov\u011bk-stroj-\u010dlov\u011bk, kde ti, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed algoritmick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed, pouze raz\u00ed v\u00fdstup generovan\u00fd syst\u00e9mem AI, a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed podstupuj\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed, jsou bezprecedentn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem dehumanizov\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lauren Gouldov\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je odbornou asistentkou pro studium konflikt\u016f na\u00a0<\/span>Utrechtsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<\/span>Linde Arentze<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 v\u00e1lky,\u00a0<\/span>NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Marijn Hoijtink<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je docentem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f na\u00a0<\/span>univerzit\u011b v Antverp\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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Izrael se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na rozhodovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, aby identifikoval a zas\u00e1hl c\u00edle v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,348,107,2194],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52478"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52480,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52478\/revisions\/52480"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}