{"id":52235,"date":"2024-04-23T05:59:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T03:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=52235"},"modified":"2024-04-23T06:39:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T04:39:28","slug":"zbrane-apokalypsy-jak-se-vyvijely-jaderne-ponorky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/23\/zbrane-apokalypsy-jak-se-vyvijely-jaderne-ponorky\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbran\u011b apokalypsy: jak se vyv\u00edjely jadern\u00e9 ponorky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Bez nads\u00e1zky lze jadern\u00e9 ponorky nazvat zbran\u011bmi apokalypsy, schopn\u00fdmi zni\u010dit cel\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad sov\u011btsk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 ponorka Project 941 Akula, kter\u00e1 si dodnes dr\u017e\u00ed titul nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ponorka na sv\u011bt\u011b, byla vyzbrojena 20 R-39 (RSM-52) nebo R-30 Bulava SLBM s jadern\u00fdmi hlavicemi.<\/p>\n<p>Tato jadern\u00e1 ponorka mohla \u010dekat pod vodou t\u00fddny na rozkaz k \u00fatoku a byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vrcholn\u00fd zbra\u0148ov\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<p>Modern\u00ed rusk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 ponorka projektu Borej, a\u010d se velikost\u00ed se zm\u00edn\u011bnou ponorkou nemohla srovn\u00e1vat, ji v\u0161ak po technologick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ale to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed limit. Koneckonc\u016f, tyto zbran\u011b se st\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed a poskytuj\u00ed sv\u00fdm majitel\u016fm strategickou v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n<p>Mimochodem, o tom druh\u00e9m. Pouze p\u011bt zem\u00ed sv\u011bta m\u00e1 dnes jadern\u00e9 ponorky \u2013 USA, Rusko, Francie, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a \u010c\u00edna.<\/p>\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b existuje p\u011bt f\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdvoje t\u00e9to zbran\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdvoj prvn\u00ed generace<\/strong>, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v 50. letech, byl tedy v\u00fdhradn\u011b experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed povahy a slou\u017eil pro bojov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ve druh\u00e9 generaci<\/strong> se in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159ili na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho trupu, kter\u00fd by ponorce umo\u017enil dos\u00e1hnout maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti pod vodou. P\u0159itom to byla sov\u011btsk\u00e1 ponorka druh\u00e9 generace K-222, kter\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b vytvo\u0159ila rekord v pohybu pod vodou 82 km\/h (44 uzl\u016f), kter\u00fd dodnes nebyl p\u0159ekon\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u0159et\u00ed generace<\/strong> se vyzna\u010dovala v\u00fdskytem reaktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohly fungovat dlouhou dobu bez dob\u00edjen\u00ed. Zde prvenstv\u00ed p\u0159ipadlo americk\u00fdm ponork\u00e1m t\u0159\u00eddy Ohio a Los Angeles, jejich\u017e reaktory mohly nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b fungovat a\u017e 11 let.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u011bchto ponork\u00e1ch byla implementov\u00e1na konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota pos\u00e1dky na palub\u011b jadern\u00e9 ponorky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010ctvrt\u00e1 generace<\/strong> jadern\u00fdch ponorek poch\u00e1z\u00ed z 90. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. To zahrnuje modern\u00ed ponorky, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nov\u00fdm typem povlaku pohlcuj\u00edc\u00edho zvuk, p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed kompozitn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, high-tech elektronickou v\u00fdpln\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b del\u0161\u00ed dobou nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho provozu reaktoru ne\u017e jejich p\u0159edch\u016fdci.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 modern\u00ed ponorky maj\u00ed \u0159adu konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 je \u010din\u00ed spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Zejm\u00e9na autonomn\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00e9 kapsle pro pos\u00e1dku a zcela izolovan\u00fd reaktor.<\/p>\n<p>Kone\u010dn\u011b v evoluci jadern\u00fdch ponorek existuje tak\u00e9 <strong>p\u00e1t\u00e1 generace<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi n\u00e1vrhu. Je p\u0159itom z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 jako prvn\u00ed vyv\u00edj\u00ed zbran\u011b nov\u00e9 generace, bude pod vodou dominovat.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b modern\u00edch zbrojn\u00edch trend\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat plo\u0161n\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f na b\u00e1zi um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence do budouc\u00edch strategick\u00fdch ponorek.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u010cEHO JE NPS SCHOPN\u00dd? Smrt\u00edc\u00ed zbran\u011b supervelmoc\u00ed - Jadern\u00e9 ponorky\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jjML3XufJ5E\" width=\"720\" height=\"420\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bez nads\u00e1zky lze jadern\u00e9 ponorky nazvat zbran\u011bmi apokalypsy, schopn\u00fdmi zni\u010dit cel\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad sov\u011btsk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2421,1204,889,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52235"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52235\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}