{"id":52199,"date":"2024-04-23T00:49:50","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T22:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=52199"},"modified":"2024-04-22T17:59:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T15:59:01","slug":"jiri-paroubek-jak-se-delaji-deti-v-italii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/23\/jiri-paroubek-jak-se-delaji-deti-v-italii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Paroubek: Jak se d\u011blaj\u00ed d\u011bti v It\u00e1lii"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Vyberme si z tohoto zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu jen oblast rodinn\u00e9 politiky, neboli co se stalo, kdy\u017e jedna italsk\u00e1 provincie investovala do d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o horskou autonomn\u00ed provincii Bolzano-Ji\u017en\u00ed Tyrolsko. D\u011bt\u00ed tam maj\u00ed opravdu hodn\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee jde o nejbohat\u0161\u00ed oblast It\u00e1lie. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak vezmeme It\u00e1lii jako celek, jsou na tom s\u00a0d\u011btmi b\u00eddn\u011b, po\u010det obyvatel bez migrace kles\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b rychleji, ne\u017e je evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 provincie se li\u0161\u00ed od zbytku st\u00e1tu t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b velice vst\u0159\u00edcnou a promy\u0161lenou rodinnou politiku. Je \u017eivouc\u00edm dokladem toho, \u017ee to m\u00e1 smysl.<\/p>\n

Italsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u00e1s o to zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee jsme s\u00a0touto provinci\u00ed spojeni tradic\u00ed star\u00e9ho Rakouska, ne\u017e se tato \u010d\u00e1st Tyrol stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed It\u00e1lie. Tak\u00e9 zdej\u0161\u00ed kraj, do kter\u00e9ho pat\u0159\u00ed i turisticky vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 Merano, je n\u00e1m n\u011b\u010d\u00edm bl\u00edzk\u00fd, kdy\u017e se st\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9mu regionu kolem Pr\u010dice, c\u00edle popul\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch pochod\u016f, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00fd Mer\u00e1n. A nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dn\u011bme Brixen, kde \u017eil ve vyhnanstv\u00ed a piln\u011b tvo\u0159il \u010desk\u00fd obrozeneck\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 a satirick\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek Borovsk\u00fd<\/p>\n

Te\u010f si v\u0161imly demografick\u00e9ho z\u00e1zraku kolem Bolzana i New York Times. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u011b:<\/p>\n

Chlap\u00edk jm\u00e9nem Stefano Baldo, \u0161\u00e9f m\u011bstsk\u00e9 dopravy v Bolzanu, hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee si bere p\u0159est\u00e1vku na kojen\u00ed. \u201eJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nekoj\u00edm,“ vysv\u011btluje v kancel\u00e1\u0159i vyzdoben\u00e9 fotografiemi man\u017eelky a \u0161esti d\u011bt\u00ed. Ale \u017eena je doma s novorozencem, a tak jeden z rodi\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed volna. P\u016fjde te\u010f vyzvednout d\u011bti ze \u0161kol, \u0161kolek a \u0161koli\u010dky pro ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

It\u00e1lie m\u00e1 jednu z nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch porodnost\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, premi\u00e9rka Giorgia Meloniov\u00e1 varuje stejn\u011b jako pape\u017e Franti\u0161ek, \u017ee Ital\u016fm hroz\u00ed z\u00e1nik, ale kolem Bolzana se porodnost po desetilet\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed na stabiln\u00ed \u00farovni. Odborn\u00edci si to vysv\u011btluj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee tam nespol\u00e9haj\u00ed jen na finan\u010dn\u00ed zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed rodin, by\u0165 je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, ale nab\u00edzej\u00ed taky spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod a slu\u017eeb. Co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1d na tom moc nem\u011bn\u00ed, funguje to dlouhodob\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00fd je jen v\u00fd\u010det slev a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f pro rodiny s\u00a0d\u011btmi – na \u0161kolky, d\u011btsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, potraviny, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, \u00fa\u010dty za energie, dopravu, mimo\u0161koln\u00ed aktivity nebo letn\u00ed t\u00e1bory. Mezi slu\u017ebami pro matky najdeme n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho d\u011btsk\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m, ale ty jsou vedeny certifikovanou vychovatelkou po ro\u010dn\u00edm kurzu.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f je obdobou politik Francie nebo n\u011bkter\u00fdch skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jsou prost\u011b vyzkou\u0161en\u00e9. \u201eNab\u00eddka cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti m\u016f\u017ee It\u00e1lii odv\u00e9st od hroz\u00edc\u00edho demografick\u00e9ho \u00fatesu,\u201c soud\u00ed New York Times.<\/p>\n

Waltraud Deegov\u00e1, b\u00fdval\u00e1 \u010dlenka rady provincie a architektka n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch politik zd\u016fraz\u0148uje: \u201eRodina je dlouhodob\u00fd projekt, tak\u017ee i rodinn\u00e1 politika mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouhodob\u00e1.“ Na stejnou v\u011bc poukazuje i Agnese Vitali, demografka z univerzity v\u00a0Trentu: \u201eNikdo nepl\u00e1nuje, \u017ee bude m\u00edt d\u011bti, na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fdch jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch politik.“<\/p>\n

Zdej\u0161\u00ed po\u010detn\u00e9 rodiny odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed tradici. Oblast kolem \u0159eky Adi\u017ee pat\u0159ila v\u00a0minulosti k r\u016fzn\u00fdm rakousk\u00fdm \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00edm, a tak v\u00a0n\u00ed zbylo hodn\u011b rakousk\u00e9ho ducha, kter\u00fdm se li\u0161\u00ed od zbytku It\u00e1lie. M\u00e1 statut autonomn\u00ed oblasti s ur\u010ditou m\u00edrou da\u0148ov\u00e9 a rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed zde st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed n\u011bmecky a daj\u00ed si pr\u00fd rad\u011bji houskov\u00e9 knedl\u00edky ne\u017e tal\u00ed\u0159 t\u011bstovin. \u017divot na okraji \u0159\u00ed\u0161e vn\u00edmali jako existen\u010dn\u00ed nejistotu, a tak velk\u00fd po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed byl z\u00e1rove\u0148 obhajobou budoucnosti komunity.<\/p>\n

Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee vysok\u00e1 porodnost tu nen\u00ed odrazem n\u011bjak\u00e9 zaostalosti, ze kter\u00e9 se lid\u00e9 vyl\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, a\u017e jim bude l\u00edp. Podle statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu ISTAT m\u00e1 tato oblast tak\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy na obyvatele v It\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n

Rodina Baldova, kterou jsme za\u010dali, dost\u00e1vala od provincie p\u0159\u00eddavek 200 eur m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b na ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b do t\u0159\u00ed let, te\u010f maj\u00ed \u0161est\u00e9, a k\u00a0tomu je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddavky, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed dohromady 1900 eur m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. V\u0161echny rodiny se t\u0159emi a v\u00edce d\u011btmi mohou z\u00edskat kartu Family+ s n\u00e1rokem na 20procentn\u00ed slevu na r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby uplatnitelnou po cel\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b. Karta je propojena tak\u00e9 s m\u00edstn\u00edm supermarketem Despar, kter\u00fd poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed slevy. Rodiny maj\u00ed levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i ve\u0159ejnou dopravu.<\/p>\n

Patrn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 ona zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kultura. Na p\u0159echodech kolem \u0161kolek a \u0161kol slou\u017e\u00ed dobrovoln\u011b d\u016fchodci v zelen\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch, a r\u00e1no si d\u011bti znovu vyzvednou doma a doprovod\u00ed je do \u0161koly jako \u201ep\u011b\u0161\u00ed autobus“.<\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b by se na\u0161ly skv\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady prorodinn\u00e9 politiky i v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 minulosti. Vzpome\u0148me na vysok\u00e9 porodn\u00e9, novoman\u017eelsk\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky a pomoc s\u00a0bydlen\u00edm, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1zela generaci \u201eHus\u00e1kov\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee dnes politici b\u011bduj\u00ed, \u017ee populace st\u00e1rne a d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se hrout\u00ed, m\u011bli by se pod\u00edvat i na druhou stranu rovnice a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, jak n\u00e1rod omladit. \u0158e\u010di, \u017ee to nejde, hl\u00e1s\u00ed lenost myslet a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed nevid\u011bt nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e jak tahat z\u00a0lid\u00ed pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Paroubek<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vyberme si z tohoto zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu jen oblast rodinn\u00e9 politiky, neboli co se stalo, kdy\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[245,191,1503],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52199"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52199"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52200,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52199\/revisions\/52200"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}