{"id":51599,"date":"2024-04-15T00:38:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T22:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=51599"},"modified":"2024-04-14T17:46:31","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T15:46:31","slug":"smrdi-nejvyssi-hora-sveta-je-preplnena-vykaly-a-odpadem-nepal-bije-na-poplach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/15\/smrdi-nejvyssi-hora-sveta-je-preplnena-vykaly-a-odpadem-nepal-bije-na-poplach\/","title":{"rendered":"‚Smrd\u00ed‘: Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora sv\u011bta je p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e1 v\u00fdkaly a odpadem. Nep\u00e1l bije na poplach"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kolem 500 horolezc\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b pokou\u0161\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout vrcholu a po desetilet\u00ed za sebou zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed odpad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Everest, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora sv\u011bta, p\u0159il\u00e1kala tis\u00edce dobrodruh\u016f a horolezc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159ipraveni otestovat sv\u00e9 dovednosti proti nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzv\u011b. Je to tak\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde mnoz\u00ed ud\u011blali sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed kroky. V roce 2000 se z n\u00ed stal hromosvod, kter\u00fdm se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vliv lidstva na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed lokality, a podle m\u00edstn\u00edch z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f to nejde dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n

To, co m\u011blo b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z nejp\u016fvodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst na Zemi, se ve skute\u010dnosti stalo ob\u0159\u00edm z\u00e1chodem. V jednu chv\u00edli to bylo tak \u0161patn\u00e9, \u017ee se vzduch naplnil pachem v\u00fdkal\u016f, jak t\u00e1l sn\u00edh.<\/p>\n

To je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu \u010del\u00ed Mount Everest, kdy\u017e se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem horolezc\u016f \u2013 z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed se neobt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed po sob\u011b ukl\u00edzet.<\/p>\n

„[St\u00e1v\u00e1 se to] z\u00e1chodem kv\u016fli lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti b\u011bhem lezen\u00ed,“<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl\u00a0Mingma Chhiri Sherpa, p\u0159edseda venkovsk\u00e9ho\u00a0\u00a0magistr\u00e1tu Khumbu Pasang Lhamu .<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee od leto\u0161n\u00edho roku si horolezci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed zdolat ikonickou horu, budou muset v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e zakoupit toaletn\u00ed ta\u0161ku a vyn\u00e9st ji na vrchol. Po n\u00e1vratu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pytel p\u0159ed\u00e1n s jejich odpadem.<\/p>\n

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\u00a9 Westend61 \/ Getty Images<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Mount Everest, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora sv\u011bta s\u00a0\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kou 29 032 stop<\/a>\u00a0, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na hranici Nep\u00e1lu s Tibetem. Lezeck\u00e1 sez\u00f3na je v dubnu a kv\u011btnu a m\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed je dvoum\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3na od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00e1bory, jeden se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k ho\u0159e od North Ridge a jeden z Southeast Ridge \u2013 a p\u0159ed vrcholem jsou\u00a0\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i t\u00e1bory<\/a>\u00a0: T\u00e1bor 2 ve 21 300 stop\u00e1ch, T\u00e1bor 3 ve 23 950 stop\u00e1ch a T\u00e1bor 4 ve 26 000 stop\u00e1ch. chodidla.<\/p>\n

Ro\u010dn\u011b se na vrchol pokus\u00ed dostat kolem 500 horolezc\u016f. V roce 2023 vydal Nep\u00e1l\u00a0\u00a0478 povolen\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0k v\u00fdstupu na Mount Everest. Z povolen\u00ed ud\u011blen\u00fdch na duben je 44 pro horolezce z USA, 22 z \u010c\u00edny, 17 z Japonska, 16 z Ruska a 13 z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 pravidlo pro horolezce letos stanovila venkovsk\u00e1 obec, pod jej\u00ed\u017e jurisdikci Mount Everest spad\u00e1, horu vy\u010distit.\u00a0„Byla tam \u0161p\u00edna zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je mo\u010den\u00ed a stolice, tak\u017ee jsme se rozhodli distribuovat s\u00e1\u010dky s hov\u00ednky horolezc\u016fm, abychom ochr\u00e1nili Mount Everest a dal\u0161\u00ed him\u00e1lajsk\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159ed lidsk\u00fdm odpadem,“<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl Mingma Chhiri Sherpa.<\/p>\n

Ang Tshering Sherpa, zku\u0161en\u00fd podnikatel v oblasti cestovn\u00edho ruchu v Nep\u00e1lu a b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Nep\u00e1lsk\u00e9 horolezeck\u00e9 asociace, mluvil o t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu v t\u00e1bo\u0159e 2 v roce 2007. V d\u016fsledku hrozn\u00e9ho z\u00e1pachu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledoval, bylo zavedeno pravidlo, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eadovalo, aby horolezci nosili samostatn\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek na v\u00fdkaly.<\/p>\n

„Toto pravidlo v\u0161ak nebylo pln\u011b implementov\u00e1no,“<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u0159ekl.\u00a0„Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee pravidlo venkovsk\u00e9 obce bude pln\u011b uplat\u0148ov\u00e1no.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Horolezci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee pach mo\u010di a v\u00fdkal\u016f p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 po t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu. Podle Ang Tsheringa Sherpy s rostouc\u00ed lidskou aktivitou v oblasti Everestu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 i lidsk\u00fd odpad.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdznamn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s lidsk\u00fdm odpadem v Himal\u00e1j\u00edch, kde stovky lid\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Everestu po dobu 45 dn\u00ed b\u011bhem lezeck\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.\u00a0„Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 toalety, kter\u00e9 by zvl\u00e1daly jejich mo\u010d a v\u00fdkaly.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f\u00a0\u00a0Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee<\/a>\u00a0jde na ja\u0159e asi 350 horolezc\u016f do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho t\u00e1bora a ulo\u017e\u00ed 70 tun odpadk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b 15-20 tun lidsk\u00e9ho odpadu, 20-25 tun plastu a pap\u00edru a 15-20 tun odpadu. tun rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/p>\n

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Tento sn\u00edmek po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd 23. kv\u011btna 2010 ukazuje nep\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho \u0161erpu sb\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho odpadky zanechan\u00e9 horolezci v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 8 000 metr\u016f b\u011bhem \u00faklidov\u00e9 expedice Everestu na Mount Everest. \u00a9 NAMGYAL SHERPA \/ AFP<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadk\u016f nahromad\u011bn\u00fdch nad z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1borem Mount Everestu nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. Mingma Sherpa (ne v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 osoba), p\u0159edseda\u00a0 spole\u010dnosti\u00a0Seven Summit Treks<\/a>\u00a0, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny odpadky se sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed z horn\u00ed strany.\u00a0„Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jdou nahoru, zjist\u00ed, \u017ee jejich t\u011bla t\u011b\u017eknou, tak\u017ee nemohou sn\u00e9st odpadky,“<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee odpadky se na Everest vyhazuj\u00ed od roku 1960. Posledn\u00edch sedm let nep\u00e1lsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b\u00a0vedla<\/a>\u00a0kampa\u0148 Clean Himalaya, kter\u00e1 v letech 2019 a\u017e 2023 nasb\u00edrala kolem 110 tun, ale \u0160erpa tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny odpadky byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Mingma Sherpa odhaduje, \u017ee za z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1borem le\u017e\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b asi 30 tun odpadu.<\/p>\n

Jak sn\u00edh taje, odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 se star\u00fd odpad; a se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm teplot se za\u010dne znovu vyno\u0159ovat. Od roku 2008 do roku 2023 bylo p\u0159i \u00faklidu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9m kampan\u00ed Eco-Everest shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno kolem 38 000 kg odpadu a tak\u00e9 sedm mrtv\u00fdch t\u011bl. Podle Ang Tsheringa Sherpy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed odpadky a mrtv\u00e1 t\u011bla p\u0159ed rokem 1980.\u00a0\u201eMnoho odpadu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z 60. a\u017e 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed, a jak sn\u00edh taje, star\u0161\u00ed odpad se znovu objev\u00ed,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.<\/p>\n

Italsk\u00e1 expedice na Everest<\/a>\u00a0z roku 1973\u00a0\u00a0byla v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, se 134 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky, z toho 112 horolezc\u016f. Ang Tshering Sherpa vzpom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee 126 tun zbo\u017e\u00ed pro horolezce bylo p\u0159epraveno z K\u00e1thm\u00e1nd\u00fa do Lukly letadlem a 3 500 nosi\u010d\u016f je pak odneslo do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho t\u00e1bora. Nad z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00e1bor bylo nav\u00edc vrtuln\u00edkem p\u0159epraveno 60 tun zbo\u017e\u00ed. B\u011bhem t\u00e9 doby se v t\u00e1bo\u0159e 2 z\u0159\u00edtil vrtuln\u00edk. V roce 2009, 36 let po nehod\u011b, byly \u010d\u00e1sti vrtuln\u00edku nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jeden a p\u016fl kilometru pod m\u00edstem ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ang Tshering Sherpa \u0159ekl, \u017ee tato situace, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, \u017ee neust\u00e1le zamrzaj\u00edc\u00ed ledovec Mount Everestu se za 36 let posunul dol\u016f o m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jeden kilometr, je dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem pro pochopen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch dopad\u016f n\u00e1r\u016fstu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty na hory.<\/p>\n

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Tento sn\u00edmek po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd 23. kv\u011btna 2010 ukazuje nep\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho \u0161erpu sb\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho odpadky zanechan\u00e9 horolezci v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 8 000 metr\u016f b\u011bhem \u00faklidov\u00e9 expedice Everestu na Mount Everest. \u00a9 NAMGYAL SHERPA \/ AFP<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed nedbalost<\/h2>\n

P\u0159edpisy o horolezectv\u00ed z roku 2002 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee horolezeck\u00e9 t\u00fdmy mus\u00ed p\u0159edem slo\u017eit kauci za nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady, kter\u00e1 se li\u0161\u00ed horu od hory. Kauce na Mount Everest je 4000 dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokud t\u00fdm podle gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele odboru cestovn\u00edho ruchu nedoveze odpad z v\u00fdstupu, bude dluhopis zabaven.<\/p>\n

Ang Tshering Sherpa v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd spolehliv\u00fd mechanismus pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdm\u016f a mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zp\u011bt.\u00a0„I kdy\u017e sty\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fd ministerstvem a ministerstvem bude m\u00edt za \u00fakol sledovat v\u00fdstup, oni sami se do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho t\u00e1bora nedostanou,“<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.<\/p>\n

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Stany horolezc\u016f jsou na sn\u00edmku v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Everestu v oblasti Mount Everest v okrese Solukhumbu 3. kv\u011btna 2021. \u00a9 Prakash MATHEMA \/ AFP<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Podle majitele trekingov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd si nep\u0159\u00e1l b\u00fdt jmenov\u00e1n, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci ur\u010den\u00ed jako sty\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v K\u00e1thm\u00e1nd\u00fa a podepisuj\u00ed dokumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vr\u00e1cen\u00ed odpadu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho je spole\u010dnosti vr\u00e1cena kauce.<\/p>\n

„Tohle bylo \u0161patn\u011b.“ Sty\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk ani nebydl\u00ed v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.\u00a0\u201eAni se ned\u00edvaj\u00ed na to, jestli to t\u00fdm vy\u010distil nebo ne. M\u011blo by b\u00fdt povinn\u00e9 vracet odpadky, ale turistick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 n\u00e1s neposlouch\u00e1.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Minul\u00e9 \u00faklidov\u00e9 kampan\u011b<\/h2>\n

V roce 1992 \u010dasopis America’s Time zve\u0159ejnil karikaturu ‚Mt. Garbage‘, s hromadou odpadk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Everest. To odstartovalo celosv\u011btovou diskusi o odpadc\u00edch na Mount Everestu.<\/p>\n

Podle Anga Tsheringa Sherpy za\u010dala \u00faklidov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 Everestu v roce 1995 z iniciativy horolezeck\u00e9ho svazu po kritice od trekkingov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. (V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl prezidentem \u0160erpa.) Sdru\u017een\u00ed provedlo tuto kampa\u0148 z vlastn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a sesb\u00edralo 7 500 kg odpadk\u016f nad z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e1borem.<\/p>\n

V roce 2000 byl Everest vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn pod veden\u00edm Kena Noguchiho, japonsk\u00e9ho bojovn\u00edka za \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V t\u00fdmu bylo 36 lezeck\u00fdch \u0161erp\u016f a dva kucha\u0159i. V letech 2001 a 2002 t\u00fdm tak\u00e9 vedl sanita\u010dn\u00ed kampan\u011b.<\/p>\n

Od roku 2019 nep\u00e1lsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pravideln\u011b sb\u00edr\u00e1 odpad z Mount Everestu spolu s organizacemi, jako je Nep\u00e1lsk\u00e1 horolezeck\u00e1 asociace, Khumbu Pasang Lhamu Rural Municipality a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mukesh<\/strong>\u00a0Pokhrel<\/strong> , novin\u00e1\u0159 se s\u00eddlem v K\u00e1thm\u00e1nd\u00fa v Nep\u00e1lu<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolem 500 horolezc\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b pokou\u0161\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout vrcholu a po desetilet\u00ed za…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51600,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[7127,7128,4247,7129],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51599"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51599"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51601,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51599\/revisions\/51601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}