{"id":51050,"date":"2024-04-04T06:03:43","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=51050"},"modified":"2024-04-04T06:03:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:03:43","slug":"uriel-araujo-pariz-chce-ukazat-silu-ale-celi-geopoliticke-krizi-v-africe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/04\/uriel-araujo-pariz-chce-ukazat-silu-ale-celi-geopoliticke-krizi-v-africe\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e chce uk\u00e1zat s\u00edlu, ale \u010del\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 krizi v Africe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden Ruth Macleanov\u00e1 v New York Times informovala o tom, jak demokracie v b\u00fdval\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch v Africe klop\u00fdt\u00e1 \u2013 to je v\u0161ak jen \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Lze p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee 2. ledna 2024, dva t\u00fddny po p\u0159evratu v t\u00e9to africk\u00e9 zemi, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee \u201ea\u017e do odvol\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c uzav\u0159ela sv\u00e9 velvyslanectv\u00ed v Nigeru.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e9 nigerijsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed Francouze ve skute\u010dnosti vyhostilo pot\u00e9, co sesadilo b\u00fdval\u00e9ho v\u016fdce Mohameda Bazouma a uvrhlo ho do dom\u00e1c\u00edho v\u011bzen\u00ed (26. \u010dervence 2023). P\u011bt vojensk\u00fdch dohod s Franci\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/8\/4\/france-deals-revoked-by-niger-military-were-signed-with-legitimate-govt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">zru\u0161ila<\/a>\u00a0vojensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v srpnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku a posledn\u00ed kontingent z 1 500 voj\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e9 Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v Nigeru rozm\u00edstila, ode\u0161el v prosinci. T\u00edm skon\u010dila desetilet\u00e1 francouzsk\u00e1 protid\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e1 mise v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9m regionu Sahel. Francouzsk\u00e9 jednotky opustily tak\u00e9 Mali a Burkinu Faso, co\u017e bylo ozna\u010deno za \u201edominov\u00fd efekt\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Katastrof\u011b v Nigeru (z francouzsk\u00e9ho pohledu) skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zela katastrofa v Mali \u2013 o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/36890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">\u010cadu<\/a>\u00a0nemluv\u011b. Krom\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159evrat\u016f a zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fdch\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/world\/africa\/france-macron-africa-sahel-terrorism-27d037ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">zm\u011bn<\/a>\u00a0doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ke zm\u011bn\u011b politick\u00e9ho a emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatu. Macron, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed francouz\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9, sice hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u201ecommunaut\u00e9 de destin\u201c neboli spole\u010dn\u00e9m osudu v Africe, zejm\u00e9na v takzvan\u00e9 Fransk\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, ale afri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsto toho st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji sly\u0161\u00ed na \u201eneokolonialismus\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Francouzsk\u00e1 neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed moc nad \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Afriky se ve skute\u010dnosti zhmot\u0148uje v mnoha podob\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost, ale tak\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed instituce. V\u0161echny jsou zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p>Vezm\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad vypointovan\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e italsk\u00e9 premi\u00e9rky Giorginy Meloni na\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/5Pillarsuk\/status\/1594424235757387777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">videu<\/a>\u00a0z roku 2019 (kter\u00e9 se znovu objevilo v roce 2022). Ve sv\u00e9m nahran\u00e9m projevu, kter\u00fd vyvolal zna\u010dn\u00fd rozruch, Meloniov\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/37214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">odhalila<\/a>\u00a0neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1du Francie nad 14 b\u00fdval\u00fdmi koloniemi v z\u00e1padn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Africe, z nich\u017e v\u0161echny st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed CFA frank, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu vyd\u00e1vanou Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e CFA znamen\u00e1 \u201eCommunaut\u00e9 Financi\u00e8re Africaine\u201c (francouzsky \u201eAfrick\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed\u201c). Jej\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednky je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X Post\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1594424235757387777&amp;lang=cs&amp;maxWidth=560px&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fzvedavec.news%2Fkomentare%2F2024%2F04%2F10039-pariz-chce-ukazat-silu-ale-celi-geopoliticke-krizi-v-africe.htm&amp;sessionId=6adbecc2523a042c137ad09d034ba279b68d0b9f&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=2615f7e52b7e0%3A1702314776716&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"1594424235757387777\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, v sou\u010dasnosti existuj\u00ed dv\u011b m\u011bny, ob\u011b se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eCFA frank\u201c: jednou je z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd CFA frank a druhou st\u0159edoafrick\u00fd CFA frank. Prvn\u00ed z nich pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Niger, Mali, Senegal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, Guinea-Bissau a Togo. V\u0161echny tyto zem\u011b jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie (UEMOA) a z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd CFA frank ve skute\u010dnosti vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (BCEAO) se s\u00eddlem v Dakaru (Senegal). Samotn\u00e9 bankovky CFA franku v\u0161ak od vzniku m\u011bny v roce 1945 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Francouzsk\u00e1 banka v Chamali\u00e8res. M\u011bnu zavedly francouzsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, kdy\u017e nahradila p\u0159edchoz\u00ed francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd frank.<\/p>\n<p>St\u0159edoafrick\u00fd CFA frank (jeho\u017e bankovky od koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch dob rovn\u011b\u017e vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Francouzsk\u00e1 banka) je zase m\u011bnou Republiky Kongo, Kamerunu, St\u0159edoafrick\u00e9 republiky, \u010cadu, Rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 Guineje a Gabonu.<\/p>\n<p>Tato m\u011bnov\u00e1 situace byla v posledn\u00edch letech ter\u010dem velk\u00e9 africk\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-41094094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">kritiky<\/a>\u00a0a rozho\u0159\u010den\u00fdch\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-41094094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">protest\u016f<\/a>. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obou m\u011bn CFA mus\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 dr\u017eet nejm\u00e9n\u011b 50 % sv\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch aktiv ve francouzsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladn\u011b, co\u017e \u00fadajn\u011b udr\u017euje stabilitu m\u011bny, a to i za cenu omezen\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti t\u011bchto zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podle Landryho Sign\u00e9, vedouc\u00edho pracovn\u00edka Programu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky a rozvoje a Iniciativy pro r\u016fst Afriky v Brookings Institution, se pevn\u00fd sm\u011bnn\u00fd kurz dotkl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u0159edoafrick\u00fdch ekonomik, a to kv\u016fli jejich vysok\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 likvidity (z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z ropy) \u2013 a tak\u00e9 z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch ekonomik, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u0161oky. Sign\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/how-the-france-backed-african-cfa-franc-works-as-an-enabler-and-barrier-to-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">tvrd\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee z\u00f3na CFA franku p\u0159inesla intenzivn\u00ed zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di t\u011bmto vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0161ok\u016fm, omezila vnitroregion\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Africe, z\u00fa\u017eila pr\u016fmyslovou z\u00e1kladnu a u\u010dinila zem\u011b vysoce z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na produkci omezen\u00e9ho po\u010dtu prim\u00e1rn\u00edch komodit ur\u010den\u00fdch na v\u00fdvoz. Zn\u00ed to docela koloni\u00e1ln\u011b, \u017ee?<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (ECOWAS), jeho\u017e \u010dleny jsou i \u010dlenov\u00e9 UEMOA,\u00a0<b>pl\u00e1nuje do roku 2027 zav\u00e9st pro sv\u00e9 \u010dleny vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnou m\u011bnu<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti v Africe soupe\u0159\u00ed s Moskvou o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a protiteroristick\u00e9 pomoci. To lze vid\u011bt i na libyjsk\u00e9 krizi, kter\u00e1 byla pro Francii velk\u00fdm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem a skute\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem \u201ekonce jedn\u00e9 \u00e9ry\u201c. Probl\u00e9m pro Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee na africk\u00e9m kontinentu (od Sahelu po st\u0159edn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriku) s\u00edl\u00ed protifrancouzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady s politick\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky, zat\u00edmco prorusk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady nejsou v regionu zdaleka novinkou: od po\u010d\u00e1tku dekolonizace v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed podporoval Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz velkou \u010d\u00e1st africk\u00fdch boj\u016f za nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n<p>Macron\u016fv ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1hl\u00fd\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/40721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">\u201etvrd\u0161\u00ed\u201c postoj v\u016f\u010di Rusku<\/a>, kter\u00fd se vlastn\u011b za\u010dal postupn\u011b formovat ji\u017e v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce, m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e hodn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se snahou Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee uk\u00e1zat s\u00edlu (tj. v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost na Washingtonu) a \u201enapnout svaly\u201c a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/40686\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">p\u0159ipravit se<\/a>\u00a0na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 Trumpova prezidentstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Od Trumpova \u00fadajn\u00e9ho\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/will-trump-election-bring-back-isolationism-threaten-nato\/5851909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">izolacionismu<\/a>\u00a0by se nem\u011blo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat jen tolik, pokud jde o pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/ideas\/2014\/10\/18\/vote-all-you-want-the-secret-government-won-change\/jVSkXrENQlu8vNcBfMn9sL\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">dvojvl\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a>\u201c. Stejn\u011b tak by se nem\u011blo s\u00e1zet na to, \u017ee Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e (nebo Berl\u00edn, kdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u toho) bude koketovat se \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/38226\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">strategickou samostatnost\u00ed<\/a>\u201c. Evropsk\u00e9 mocnosti, v\u010detn\u011b Francie, jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zapleteny do struktur NATO, ne\u017e aby v tomto ohledu za\u0161ly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko \u2013 a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed vlastn\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 krizi v Africe a v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Je docela mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Washington bude v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b c\u00edtit pot\u0159ebu se v Africe st\u00e1le v\u00edce anga\u017eovat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infobrics.org\/post\/35762\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Bidenovo p\u0159esunut\u00ed americk\u00fdch sil<\/a>\u00a0do Som\u00e1lska bylo mo\u017en\u00e1 jen zah\u0159\u00edvac\u00edm kolem \u2013 navzdory jeho\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2024\/03\/07\/pentagon-somalia-africa-terrorism-failure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">ne\u00fasp\u011bchu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"podcarou\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/paris-wants-show-strength-faces-geopolitical-crisis-africa\/5853863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Paris Wants to Show Strength, But Faces Geopolitical Crisis in Africa<\/a> vy\u0161el na Global Reseach 3.4.2024. P\u0159eklad\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/zvedavec.news\/komentare\/2024\/04\/10039-pariz-chce-ukazat-silu-ale-celi-geopoliticke-krizi-v-africe.htm\">Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden Ruth Macleanov\u00e1 v New York Times informovala o tom, jak demokracie v b\u00fdval\u00fdch&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,130,2181,39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}