{"id":50999,"date":"2024-04-04T00:37:34","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T22:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=50999"},"modified":"2024-04-03T16:42:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T14:42:07","slug":"abu-musab-al-zarqawi-notoricky-terorista-nebo-americky-agent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/04\/abu-musab-al-zarqawi-notoricky-terorista-nebo-americky-agent\/","title":{"rendered":"Abu Musab al-Zarqawi: notorick\u00fd terorista nebo americk\u00fd agent?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zark\u00e1v\u00ed, kdysi drobn\u00fd zlo\u010dinec, kter\u00fd se stal v\u016fdcem Al-K\u00e1idy v Ir\u00e1ku a americk\u00fdm plak\u00e1tem pro terorismus takfiri, slou\u017eil jako americk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 aktivum, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo za \u00fakol potla\u010dit odpor Ir\u00e1ku v\u016f\u010di okupaci a rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1vat sekt\u00e1\u0159skou nen\u00e1vist ve prosp\u011bch Tel Avivu i Washingtonu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b za Us\u00e1mou bin L\u00e1dinem byl nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm deklarovan\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem USA b\u011bhem takzvan\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti terorismu jord\u00e1nsk\u00fd d\u017eih\u00e1dista Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, zakladatel Al-K\u00e1idy v Ir\u00e1ku (AQI).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed Zark\u00e1v\u00edho \u017eivota a jeho dopadu na ud\u00e1losti v Ir\u00e1ku v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b produktem a n\u00e1strojem americk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neokonzervativn\u00ed strat\u00e9gov\u00e9 v administrativ\u011b George W. Bushe vyu\u017eili Zark\u00e1v\u00edho jako p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ka k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed ileg\u00e1ln\u00ed americk\u00e9 invaze do Ir\u00e1ku v roce 2003 americk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho byl n\u00e1pomocn\u00fd p\u0159i podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch neshod v r\u00e1mci ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch odbojov\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se postavily proti americk\u00e9 okupaci, a nakonec podn\u00edtil sekt\u00e1\u0159skou ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lku mezi ir\u00e1ck\u00fdmi sunnitsk\u00fdmi a \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdmi komunitami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izraelsk\u00fd pl\u00e1n se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v Ir\u00e1ku\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e1 strategie nap\u011bt\u00ed v Ir\u00e1ku pokro\u010dila\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v c\u00edli<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Tel Avivu \u00a0zachovat zranitelnost zem\u011b, rozd\u011blovat obyvatelstvo podle sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch lini\u00ed a oslabovat schopnost jeho arm\u00e1dy postavit se Izraeli v regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e dlouho je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee CIA vytvo\u0159ila Al-K\u00e1idu jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 skryt\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu v 80. letech a podporovala prvky Al-K\u00e1idy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Bosn\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Kosovu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u010ce\u010densku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v 90. letech.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fkazy nav\u00edc poukazuj\u00ed na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>podporu CIA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0skupin\u00e1m napojen\u00fdm na Al-K\u00e1idu b\u011bhem\u00a0\u00a0tajn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v S\u00fdrii<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00e9 v roce 2011 uprost\u0159ed takzvan\u00e9ho arabsk\u00e9ho jara.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory t\u00e9to historii z\u00e1padn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i, analytici a historici st\u00e1le berou na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee Zarqawi a AQI byli zap\u0159is\u00e1hl\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 USA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez pochopen\u00ed role Zark\u00e1v\u00edho jako americk\u00e9ho zpravodajsk\u00e9ho majetku je nemo\u017en\u00e9 pochopit, jakou destruktivn\u00ed roli sehr\u00e1ly USA (a Izrael) v krveprolit\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9m Ir\u00e1ku nejen b\u011bhem po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed invaze v roce 2003, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch spor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je tak\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nezbytn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0pochopit d\u016fle\u017eitost sou\u010dasn\u00fdch\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch snah vyhnat americk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a zbavit zemi vlivu USA vp\u0159ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdo byl Zark\u00e1v\u00ed?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi se narodil jako Ahmed Fadhil Nazar al-Khalaylah, ale pozd\u011bji si zm\u011bnil jm\u00e9no, aby odr\u00e1\u017eelo jeho rodi\u0161t\u011b, Zarqa, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 oblast pobl\u00ed\u017e Amm\u00e1nu v Jord\u00e1nsku.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Ve v\u011bzen\u00ed a mimo n\u011bj<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v ml\u00e1d\u00ed se b\u011bhem pobytu za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi radikalizoval.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zark\u00e1v\u00ed odcestoval do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, aby bojoval s mud\u017eahed\u00edny podporovan\u00fdmi CIA proti Sov\u011bt\u016fm v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu na konci 80. let. Po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu do Jord\u00e1nska pomohl zalo\u017eit m\u00edstn\u00ed isl\u00e1mskou militantn\u00ed skupinu s n\u00e1zvem Jund al-Sham a v roce 1992 byl uv\u011bzn\u011bn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po sv\u00e9m propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z v\u011bzen\u00ed po v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 amnestii se Zark\u00e1v\u00ed v roce 1999 vr\u00e1til do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Atlantic\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b poprv\u00e9 setkal s Us\u00e1mou bin L\u00e1dinem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00edho skupina byla b\u011bhem pobytu ve v\u011bzen\u00ed infiltrov\u00e1na jord\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, co\u017e odpov\u00eddalo jeho p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zark\u00e1v\u00ed pot\u00e9 uprchl z Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu do proamerick\u00e9ho Kurdist\u00e1nu v severn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku a v osudn\u00e9m roce 2001 zde z\u0159\u00eddil v\u00fdcvikov\u00fd t\u00e1bor pro sv\u00e9 bojovn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed odkaz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ve snaze zapojit Ir\u00e1k do \u00fatok\u016f z 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed netrvalo dlouho a p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Bushovy administrativy brzy vyu\u017eili Zark\u00e1v\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtomnosti k zahalen\u00ed tamn\u00edch geopolitick\u00fdch program\u016f Washingtonu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u00fanoru 2003 v Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti OSN americk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Colin Powell prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost Zark\u00e1v\u00edho v Ir\u00e1ku dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee Sadd\u00e1m ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 teroristickou s\u00ed\u0165, co\u017e si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo americkou invazi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Rady pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201etoto tvrzen\u00ed bylo pozd\u011bji vyvr\u00e1ceno, ale nevratn\u011b vrhlo Zark\u00e1v\u00edho jm\u00e9no do centra pozornosti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Powell u\u010dinil toto tvrzen\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee kurdsk\u00fd region Ir\u00e1ku, kde Zark\u00e1v\u00ed z\u0159\u00eddil svou z\u00e1kladnu, byl fakticky pod kontrolou USA. Po v\u00e1lce v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu v roce 1991 zavedlo americk\u00e9 letectvo v oblasti bezletovou z\u00f3nu. Bylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee tam p\u016fsob\u00ed i izraelsk\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba Mossad, co\u017e je realita, kterou \u00cdr\u00e1n\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>aktivn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na pozoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee navzdory tomu, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00edho z\u00e1kladna le\u017e\u00ed v mez\u00edch ir\u00e1ck\u00e9ho Kurdist\u00e1nu, Bushova administrativa se rozhodla pro ne\u010dinnost, kdy\u017e se j\u00ed naskytla jedine\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k jeho neutralizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Wall Street Journal\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee Pentagon v \u010dervnu 2002 vypracoval podrobn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny k \u00faderu na Zark\u00e1v\u00edho v\u00fdcvikov\u00fd t\u00e1bor, ale \u017ee \u201en\u00e1let na pana Zark\u00e1v\u00edho se neuskute\u010dnil. Uplynuly m\u011bs\u00edce, ani\u017e by B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm schv\u00e1lil pl\u00e1n\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lawrence Di Rita, hlavn\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed Pentagonu, od\u016fvodnil ne\u010dinnost tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee \u201et\u00e1bor byl zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pouze proto, \u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee vyr\u00e1b\u00ed chemick\u00e9 zbran\u011b\u201c, i kdy\u017e hrozba, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b padnou do rukou terorist\u016f, byla \u00fadajn\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod pro svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1dy Sadd\u00e1ma Husajna.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu gener\u00e1l John M. Keane, tehdej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee informace o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti Zark\u00e1v\u00edho v t\u00e1bo\u0159e byly \u201ezdrav\u00e9\u201c, riziko vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u0161kod bylo n\u00edzk\u00e9 a \u017ee t\u00e1bor byl \u201ejedn\u00edm z nejlep\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, jak\u00e9 jsme kdy m\u011bli.“\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bushova administrativa rozhodn\u011b odm\u00edtla schv\u00e1lit \u00fadery, p\u0159esto\u017ee americk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Tommy Franks poukazoval na Zark\u00e1v\u00edho t\u00e1bor jako na \u201ep\u0159\u00edklady teroristick\u00fdch \u201ap\u0159\u00edstav\u016f\u2018, kter\u00e9 prezident Bush sl\u00edbil rozdrtit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakmile Zark\u00e1v\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Ir\u00e1ku splnila sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del, prodat v\u00e1lku v Ir\u00e1ku americk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, a pot\u00e9, co ji\u017e prob\u00edhala invaze v b\u0159eznu 2003, B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm kone\u010dn\u011b schv\u00e1lil zac\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1let\u016f na jeho t\u00e1bor. Ale do t\u00e9 doby,\u00a0 dod\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>Wall Street Journal<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0, Zark\u00e1v\u00ed u\u017e z oblasti uprchl.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00edlen\u00ed na \u0161\u00edity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, v lednu 2004, se kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 ospravedl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky Bushovou administrativou rozlu\u0161til. David Kay, zbrojn\u00ed inspektor pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd nalezen\u00edm ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed, po dev\u00edti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch hled\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: „Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee existuj\u00ed.“\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Guardian\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee ne\u00fasp\u011bch naj\u00edt jak\u00e9koli zbran\u011b hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed byl tak zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ranou pro od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed invaze do Ir\u00e1ku, \u017ee nyn\u00ed \u201ei Bush p\u0159episoval d\u016fvody, pro\u010d j\u00edt do v\u00e1lky\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 9. \u00fanora, kdy\u017e nar\u016fstaly rozpaky se zbran\u011bmi hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed, ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Powell znovu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee p\u0159ed invaz\u00ed Zark\u00e1v\u00ed \u201ebyl v Ir\u00e1ku aktivn\u00ed a d\u011blal v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u016fm zn\u00e1my. dok\u00e1zat ty souvislosti.“<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed dv\u011bma t\u00fddny americk\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka pohodln\u011b zve\u0159ejnila 17str\u00e1nkov\u00fd\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dopis,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0o kter\u00e9m tvrdila, \u017ee jej napsal Zark\u00e1v\u00ed. Jej\u00ed autor se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil k odpov\u011bdnosti za \u010detn\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 \u00fatoky, tvrdil, \u017ee boj s ir\u00e1ck\u00fdmi \u0161\u00edity je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e boj s okupa\u010dn\u00ed americkou arm\u00e1dou, a sl\u00edbil, \u017ee rozpout\u00e1 ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lku mezi sunnitsk\u00fdmi a \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdmi komunitami v zemi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ipsali ameri\u010dt\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci s\u00e9rii brut\u00e1ln\u00edch bombov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 \u0161\u00edity Zark\u00e1v\u00edmu, ani\u017e by poskytli d\u016fkazy o jeho \u00fa\u010dasti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 2004 zabily sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00fatoky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0na \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b v Karbale a bagd\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti Kadhimiya 200 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch Ashura. V dubnu\u00a0 zabily\u00a0<\/span>bombov\u00e9 \u00fatoky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Basra na jihu Ir\u00e1ku nejm\u00e9n\u011b 50 lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o \u00fatoky v Karbale a Kadhimiyi, Al-K\u00e1ida\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vydala prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Al-D\u017eaz\u00edry<\/i><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v n\u011bm\u017e d\u016frazn\u011b pop\u00edr\u00e1 jakoukoli \u00fa\u010dast, ale \u0161\u00e9f koali\u010dn\u00ed prozat\u00edmn\u00ed autority (CPA) Paul Bremer trval na tom, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00ed byl zapojen.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Zark\u00e1v\u00edho \u00fadajn\u00e9 \u00fatoky na ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 \u0161\u00edity pomohly vrazit kl\u00edn mezi sunnitsk\u00fd a \u0161\u00editsk\u00fd odpor proti americk\u00e9 okupaci a zasely semena budouc\u00ed sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

To se uk\u00e1zalo jako u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro americkou arm\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017eila zabr\u00e1nit\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sunnitsk\u00fdm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdm frakc\u00edm ve spojen\u00ed sil v odporu proti okupaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Rozd\u011blen\u00ed na\u0161ich nep\u0159\u00e1tel“<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V dubnu 2004 na\u0159\u00eddil prezident Bush rozs\u00e1hlou invazi s c\u00edlem ovl\u00e1dnout Fall\u00fad\u017eu, m\u011bsto v provincii Anbar, kter\u00e9 se stalo epicentrem sunnitsk\u00e9ho odporu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Mark Kimmitt, kter\u00fd se zav\u00e1zal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201ezpacifikovat\u201c m\u011bsto, zah\u00e1jil \u00fatok pomoc\u00ed bitevn\u00edch vrtuln\u00edk\u016f, bezpilotn\u00edch sledovac\u00edch dron\u016f a bojov\u00fdch letoun\u016f F-15.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00datok se stal kontroverzn\u00edm, proto\u017ee mari\u0148\u00e1ci zabili mnoho civilist\u016f, zni\u010dili velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dom\u016f a budov a vyhnali v\u011bt\u0161inu obyvatel m\u011bsta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec byl kv\u016fli \u0161irok\u00e9mu tlaku ve\u0159ejnosti prezident Bush nucen \u00fatok odvolat a Fall\u00fad\u017ea se pro americk\u00e9 s\u00edly stala \u201eno-go\u201c z\u00f3nou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neschopnost udr\u017eet voj\u00e1ky na zemi ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei p\u0159im\u011bla americk\u00e9 pl\u00e1nova\u010de vr\u00e1tit se ke sv\u00e9 kart\u011b Zark\u00e1v\u00ed, aby oslabili sunnitsk\u00fd odpor zevnit\u0159. V \u010dervnu vysok\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel Pentagonu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>tvrdil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee na sv\u011btlo vy\u0161ly \u201e\u010derstv\u00e9 informace\u201c, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Zark\u00e1w\u00ed se \u201em\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvat v sunnitsk\u00e9 pevnosti Fall\u00fad\u017ea\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavitel Pentagonu v\u0161ak „varoval, \u017ee informace nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, aby umo\u017enily zah\u00e1jen\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace s c\u00edlem pokusit se naj\u00edt al-Zark\u00e1v\u00edho.“<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1hl\u00e9 objeven\u00ed Zark\u00e1v\u00edho a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u016f ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyla n\u00e1hoda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0napsan\u00e9 pro Velitelstv\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch operac\u00ed USA (USSOCOM) nazvan\u00e9 \u201eRozd\u011blen\u00ed na\u0161ich nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u201c Thomas Henriksen vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pou\u017e\u00edvala Zark\u00e1v\u00edho k vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei a jinde.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da udr\u017eovala c\u00edl \u201epodn\u011bcovat smrteln\u00e1 st\u0159etnut\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele s nep\u0159\u00edtelem\u201c, aby se ameri\u010dt\u00ed \u201enep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 navz\u00e1jem eliminovali\u201c, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eKdy\u017e divize chyb\u011bly, podn\u011bcovali je ameri\u010dt\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie Fallujah<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Henriksen pak uv\u00e1d\u00ed ud\u00e1losti ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei na podzim roku 2004 jako \u201ep\u0159\u00edpadovou studii\u201c, kter\u00e1 \u201euk\u00e1zala chytr\u00e9 machinace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k tomu, aby povstalci bojovali s povstalci\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee n\u00e1zory Zark\u00e1v\u00edho a jeho d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u016f takfiri-salafi vyvolaly nap\u011bt\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi povstalci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli nacionalist\u00e9 a p\u0159ijali\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>s\u00fafijsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 n\u00e1zory<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. M\u00edstn\u00ed povstalci se tak\u00e9 postavili proti Zark\u00e1v\u00edho taktice, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala \u00fanosy zahrani\u010dn\u00edch novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, zab\u00edjen\u00ed civilist\u016f pomoc\u00ed nevyb\u00edrav\u00fdch bombov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f a sabot\u00e1\u017e ropn\u00e9 a elektrick\u00e9 infrastruktury zem\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Henriksen d\u00e1le vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee americk\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 operace, kter\u00e9 \u201evyu\u017e\u00edvaly a prohlubovaly vnitropovstaleck\u00e9 s\u00edly\u201c ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei, vedly k \u201eno\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159est\u0159elk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nezahrnovaly koali\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto divize se brzy\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0na dal\u0161\u00ed ba\u0161ty sunnitsk\u00e9ho odporu Ram\u00e1d\u00ed v provincii Anbar a okres Adham\u00edja v Bagd\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

Divize podn\u00edcen\u00e9 americkou tajnou slu\u017ebou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Zark\u00e1v\u00edho ve Fall\u00fad\u017ei vydl\u00e1\u017edily cestu pro dal\u0161\u00ed americkou invazi do neklidn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta v listopadu 2004, n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pot\u00e9, co Bush zajistil znovuzvolen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159 BBC Mark Urban\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee po bitv\u011b bylo nalezeno 2000 t\u011bl, v\u010detn\u011b stovek civilist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Ab\u00fa Musab al-Zark\u00e1v\u00ed nebyl mezi mrtv\u00fdmi,“ dodal Urban, kter\u00fd proklouzl americk\u00fdm kordonem kolem m\u011bsta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159eba\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka pozd\u011bji p\u0159iznala pou\u017eit\u00ed psychologick\u00fdch operac\u00ed k propagaci Zark\u00e1v\u00edho role v sunnitsk\u00e9m povst\u00e1n\u00ed bojuj\u00edc\u00edm proti americk\u00e9 okupaci.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Washington Post v dubnu 2006\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee \u201eAmerick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vede propagandistickou kampa\u0148, aby umocnila roli v\u016fdce Al-K\u00e1idy v Ir\u00e1ku\u201c, co\u017e pomohlo \u201eBushov\u011b administrativ\u011b spojit v\u00e1lku s organizac\u00ed odpov\u011bdnou za 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001. \u00fatoky.“<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Post<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0cituje americk\u00e9ho plukovn\u00edka Dereka Harveyho, kter\u00fd vysv\u011btluje: „Na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na Zarqawiho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo jeho karikaturu, chcete-li – ud\u011blalo ho d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti je.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak d\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed The\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Post<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0, intern\u00ed dokumenty popisuj\u00edc\u00ed kampa\u0148 psychologick\u00e9 operace \u201eexplicitn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u201aamerick\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed publikum\u2018 jako jeden z c\u00edl\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed propagandistick\u00e9 kampan\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kampa\u0148 na podporu Zark\u00e1v\u00edho se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zala jako u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 prezidentu Bushovi b\u011bhem jeho znovuzvolebn\u00ed kampan\u011b v \u0159\u00edjnu 2004. Kdy\u017e demokratick\u00fd vyzyvatel John Kerry ozna\u010dil v\u00e1lku v Ir\u00e1ku za odklon od takzvan\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti terorismu v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, prezident Bush\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>odpov\u011bd\u011bl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0tvrzen\u00edm:<\/span><\/p>\n

„P\u0159\u00edpad jednoho teroristy ukazuje, jak \u0161patn\u00e9 je [Kerryho] my\u0161len\u00ed. V\u016fdce terorist\u016f, kter\u00e9mu dnes \u010del\u00edme v Ir\u00e1ku, ten, kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za nastra\u017een\u00ed bomb do aut a st\u011bt\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u016f, je mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Zark\u00e1v\u00ed.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdo zabil Nicka Berga?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nick Berg, americk\u00fd dodavatel v Ir\u00e1ku, byl \u00fadajn\u011b s\u0165at Zark\u00e1v\u00edm. V kv\u011btnu 2004 zve\u0159ejnily z\u00e1padn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly video ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed Berga oble\u010den\u00e9ho v oran\u017eov\u00e9 kombin\u00e9ze ve stylu Guant\u00e1nama, jak je s\u0165at skupinou maskovan\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maskovan\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee je Zark\u00e1v\u00ed, ve videu uvedl, \u017ee Bergovo zabit\u00ed bylo reakc\u00ed na americk\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00ed zadr\u017eovan\u00fdch v nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>v\u011bznici Ab\u00fa Ghrajb<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Berg se v Ir\u00e1ku sna\u017eil z\u00edskat zak\u00e1zky na rekonstrukci a zmizel jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pot\u00e9, co str\u00e1vil m\u011bs\u00edc ve vazb\u011b v USA v Mosulu, kde byl n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t vysl\u00fdch\u00e1n FBI.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. kv\u011btna, m\u011bs\u00edc po jeho zmizen\u00ed, americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da tvrdila, \u017ee na\u0161la jeho t\u011blo bez hlavy na kraji silnice pobl\u00ed\u017e Bagd\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale americk\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00ed zabil Berga, nejsou v\u011brohodn\u00e1. Jak\u00a0 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0uvedl\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Sydney Morning Herald<\/i><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0, existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee video s st\u011bt\u00edm hlavy bylo zinscenov\u00e1no a obsahovalo z\u00e1b\u011bry z Bergova v\u00fdslechu FBI. Na internet nebyl nahr\u00e1n z Ir\u00e1ku, ale z Lond\u00fdna a z\u016fstal online jen tak dlouho, aby si ho CNN a Fox News st\u00e1hly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Mark Kimmitt tak\u00e9 lhal o Bergovi, kter\u00fd byl ve vazb\u011b americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, a tvrdil, \u017ee ho dr\u017eela pouze ir\u00e1ck\u00e1 policie v Mosulu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale video upevnilo v mysl\u00edch americk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00ed a Al-K\u00e1ida jsou hlavn\u00edmi teroristick\u00fdmi hrozbami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V USA to m\u011blo takov\u00fd dopad, \u017ee po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed videa v\u00fdrazy \u201eNick Berg\u201c a \u201ev\u00e1lka v Ir\u00e1ku\u201c do\u010dasn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nahradily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0pornografii a celebrity Paris Hilton a Britney Spears jako hlavn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na internetu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sekt\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd americko-izraelsk\u00fd c\u00edl<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Po bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b Al-Askari v sunnitsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Samarra ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku v\u00a0<\/span>\u00fanoru 2006 vypukla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka\u00a0 , i kdy\u017e cel\u00fd rozsah byl zm\u00edrn\u011bn d\u00edky n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm pokyn\u016fm vydan\u00fdm nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00editskou autoritou v zemi.\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>velk\u00fd ajatoll\u00e1h Ali al-Sistani<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-K\u00e1ida si tento \u00fatok nep\u0159ipsala, ale prezident Bush pozd\u011bji\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee \u201ebombardov\u00e1n\u00ed svatyn\u011b bylo spiknut\u00ed Al-K\u00e1idy, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159it sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zark\u00e1v\u00ed byl nakonec zabit p\u0159i americk\u00e9m n\u00e1letu o n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji, 7. \u010dervna 2006. Ir\u00e1ck\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce Wael Abdul-Latif\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u00a0\u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00ed m\u011bl v dob\u011b sv\u00e9 smrti ulo\u017eena ve sv\u00e9m mobiln\u00edm telefonu telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla vysok\u00fdch ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f. ukazuje, \u017ee Zark\u00e1v\u00ed byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n prvky v ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b podporovan\u00e9 USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dob\u011b Zark\u00e1v\u00edho smrti dos\u00e1hla neokonzervativn\u00ed agenda rozd\u011blit a oslabit Ir\u00e1k prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed chaosu a sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch konflikt\u016f sv\u00e9ho vrcholu. Tento c\u00edl byl d\u00e1le umocn\u011bn vznikem n\u00e1stupnick\u00e9 skupiny po AQI \u2013\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ISIS<\/span><\/a> \u2013 kter\u00e1 o n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji sehr\u00e1la mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou roli p\u0159i destabilizaci sousedn\u00ed S\u00fdrie, podn\u00edcen\u00ed tamn\u00edho sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a poskytla ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed pro obnoven\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu USA v Ir\u00e1ku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

William Van Wagenen<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zark\u00e1v\u00ed, kdysi drobn\u00fd zlo\u010dinec, kter\u00fd se stal v\u016fdcem Al-K\u00e1idy v Ir\u00e1ku a americk\u00fdm plak\u00e1tem pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2462,109,3062,107,1503,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50999"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50999\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}