{"id":50913,"date":"2024-04-03T00:34:52","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T22:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=50913"},"modified":"2024-04-02T16:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T14:53:04","slug":"shaun-narine-trump-nebo-biden-americka-zahranicni-politika-ohrozuje-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/03\/shaun-narine-trump-nebo-biden-americka-zahranicni-politika-ohrozuje-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Shaun Narine: Trump nebo Biden, americk\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika ohro\u017euje sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty rozpout\u00e1vaj\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nestabilitu bez ohledu na to, kdo je prezidentem<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho pozorovatel\u016f americk\u00e9 politiky je pochopiteln\u011b zd\u011b\u0161eno vyhl\u00eddkou, \u017ee Donald Trump bude v listopadu znovu zvolen prezidentem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA ji\u017e vykazuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 demokracie. Vl\u00e1da a politika jsou \u010dasto nefunk\u010dn\u00ed a prolezl\u00e9 korupc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpovo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed by vyvolalo obavy z op\u011btovn\u00e9ho sklouznut\u00ed k fa\u0161istick\u00e9mu autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Druh\u00e9 Trumpovo p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed by v\u0161ak nemuselo nutn\u011b v\u00e9st k destruktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice, ne\u017e je politika Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed rozpoutaly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b obrovskou m\u00edru n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nestability. To je rys americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky bez ohledu na to, kdo je prezidentem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V reakci na teroristick\u00e9 \u00fatoky z 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001 zah\u00e1jily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v roce 2001 svou \u201ev\u00e1lku proti terorismu\u201c. Napadli a obsadili Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, pot\u00e9 neleg\u00e1ln\u011b napadli a obsadili Ir\u00e1k.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto akce zp\u016fsobily v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 20 letech smrt 4,6 milionu lid\u00ed, destabilizovaly Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a vyvolaly masivn\u00ed toky uprchl\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V letech 2007\u20132008 podregulovan\u00e1 americk\u00e1 ekonomika vyvolala glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed krizi. Politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky poci\u0165ujeme dodnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2011 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci v NATO zas\u00e1hli v Libyi, co\u017e vedlo k rozpadu tohoto st\u00e1tu, destabilizaci severn\u00ed Afriky a dal\u0161\u00edm uprchlick\u00fdm proud\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se sna\u017eily upevnit svou dominanci v Evrop\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm NATO, p\u0159esto\u017ee Rusko p\u0159ed t\u00edm des\u00edtky let varovalo. Tato strategie hr\u00e1la roli v rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v roce 2014 a masivn\u00ed rusk\u00e9 invazi na Ukrajinu v roce 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Administrativa prezidenta Joea Bidena je obvi\u0148ov\u00e1na z vyprovokov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky v nad\u011bji, \u017ee trvale oslab\u00ed Rusko a postav\u00ed se proti m\u00edrov\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes se zd\u00e1, \u017ee Ukrajina je na pokraji por\u00e1\u017eky a \u00fazemn\u00edho rozd\u011blen\u00ed a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee americk\u00fd Kongres to chce opustit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyvolaly nap\u011bt\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou t\u00edm, \u017ee nedodr\u017eely americk\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky podle z\u00e1kona o vztaz\u00edch s Tchaj-wanem (1979) neudr\u017eovat ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy nebo \u201espojenectv\u00ed\u201c s Tchaj-wanem. USA byly tak\u00e9 obvin\u011bny z rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed konfliktu v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i t\u00edm, \u017ee obklopily \u010c\u00ednu stovkami vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izraelsk\u00fd \u00fatok na Gazu je z\u010d\u00e1sti vyvrcholen\u00edm desetilet\u00ed pom\u00fdlen\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky USA. Bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e1 podpora Izraele ze strany USA p\u0159isp\u011bla k degeneraci zem\u011b do toho, co organizace pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed apartheid, proto\u017ee st\u00e1t zakl\u00e1dal na palestinsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed osady a n\u00e1siln\u011b potla\u010doval palestinsk\u00e9 sebeur\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Izrael je obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n z vyhladov\u011bn\u00ed 2,3 milionu Palestinc\u016f v Gaze, z nich\u017e polovina jsou d\u011bti, jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty spoluvin\u00edky na izraelsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinech a p\u0159i podpo\u0159e konfliktu, kter\u00fd d\u00e1le rozn\u011bcuje \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izrael m\u00e1 pro USA malou nebo \u017e\u00e1dnou strategickou hodnotu. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich drtiv\u00e1 podpora Izraeli odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky, ale je motivov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00ed politikou.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee USA ohro\u017eovaly glob\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu a podporovaly zv\u011brstva z dom\u00e1c\u00edch politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biden je v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako Trump<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bidenova administrativa pokra\u010dovala v mnoha iniciativ\u00e1ch zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e9 zd\u011bdila od Trumpa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biden zopakoval Trumpovu ekonomickou, technologickou a politickou v\u00e1lku proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Zv\u00fd\u0161il Trump\u016fv obchodn\u00ed protekcionismus a nechal Sv\u011btovou obchodn\u00ed organizaci v trosk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stav\u011blo na Trumpov\u011b \u201eAbrahamov\u011b ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, iniciativ\u011b, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit arabsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby normalizovaly sv\u00e9 vztahy s Izraelem, ani\u017e by vy\u0159e\u0161ily palestinskou ot\u00e1zku. Snahy Bidenovy administrativy pokro\u010dit v normalizaci mezi Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed a Izraelem jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za sou\u010d\u00e1st motivace Hamasu k \u00fatoku na Izrael 7. \u0159\u00edjna 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nic z toho nevzbuzuje d\u016fv\u011bru v americk\u00e9 \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed veden\u00ed\u201c. Biden a Trump maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd c\u00edl: trvalou americkou dominanci ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Li\u0161\u00ed se pouze v tom, jak cht\u011bj\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt ekonomickou a vojenskou s\u00edlu k tomu, aby p\u0159inutily sv\u011bt, aby se sklonil p\u0159ed americk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edmi, bez ohledu na n\u00e1klady pro v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed a ani\u017e by Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159eb\u00edraly z\u00e1vazky v\u016f\u010di ostatn\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se Trump ujal \u00fa\u0159adu, sna\u017eil se prezentovat jako \u201eprotiv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd\u201c \u010dlov\u011bk. Jeho z\u00e1liba v hrozb\u00e1ch a n\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u0161ak odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed standardn\u00ed americk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biden prosazuje diplomati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategii, sna\u017e\u00ed se ovl\u00e1dnout mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed instituce a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, \u017ee jejich z\u00e1jm\u016fm nejl\u00e9pe poslou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ce s americkou dominanc\u00ed. Biden ale tak\u00e9 r\u00e1d spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na ekonomick\u00fd a vojensk\u00fd n\u00e1tlak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontrola reality?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdm lemem Trumpova prezidentstv\u00ed je, \u017ee by to mohlo donutit spojence USA \u010delit realit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed spojenci se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, \u017ee Bidenovo p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lnosti, ale nad\u00e1le akceptuj\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed americkou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed moc. Nav\u00edc piln\u011b ignoruj\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00fd \u00fapadek v USA, kter\u00fd ani Bidenova por\u00e1\u017eka proti Trumpovi v roce 2020 nem\u016f\u017ee zakr\u00fdt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump je symptomem politick\u00e9 dysfunkce v Americe, nikoli p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou. I kdy\u017e v listopadu prohraje, Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 strana bude nad\u00e1le sm\u011b\u0159ovat k fa\u0161ismu a americk\u00e1 politika z\u016fstane toxick\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e9 Trumpovo p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed by mohlo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit americk\u00e9 spojence, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou nespolehliv\u00e9 a nekonzistentn\u00ed. Mohlo by to podkopat p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed koalici, kter\u00e1 tak ovl\u00e1dla a po\u0161kodila sv\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud se Trump vr\u00e1t\u00ed, tradi\u010dn\u00ed spojenci USA si mo\u017en\u00e1 uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee je v jejich z\u00e1jmu p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u016fj vztah s USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Kanadu a Mexiko sousedy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je Trumpovo prezidentstv\u00ed \u0161patnou zpr\u00e1vou. Budou se muset chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed pl\u00ed\u017eiv\u00fdm americk\u00fdm fa\u0161ismem. Pro zbytek sv\u011bta by to mohl b\u00fdt za\u010d\u00e1tek dynamick\u00e9ho multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

Shaun Narine<\/strong>, profesor mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f a politologie, Univerzita St. Thomas (Kanada)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty rozpout\u00e1vaj\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nestabilitu bez ohledu na to, kdo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[72,122,276,452,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50913"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50913\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}