{"id":50821,"date":"2024-04-02T00:33:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T22:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=50821"},"modified":"2024-04-01T19:02:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T17:02:50","slug":"zbynek-fiala-nove-napady-jak-duchodce-obrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/02\/zbynek-fiala-nove-napady-jak-duchodce-obrat\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Nov\u00e9 n\u00e1pady, jak d\u016fchodce obrat"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Do d\u016fchodu pozd\u011bji, za m\u00ed\u0148 a s \u00fasporami, ze kter\u00fdch nic nen\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b, i kdyby bylo, pen\u011bzi se nenaj\u00ed\u0161.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava penzijn\u00ed reformy, o kter\u00e9 Jure\u010dkovo ministerstvo vytrvale informuje, vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee mlad\u00fdch ub\u00fdv\u00e1, co\u017e se u star\u00fdch neda\u0159\u00ed, a tak bude pot\u0159eba pracovat d\u00e9le, dokud sta\u0159\u00edk do pr\u00e1ce tref\u00ed a babi\u010dka na tom bude l\u00edp ne\u017e pacient, kter\u00e9ho m\u00e1 na l\u016f\u017eku o\u0161et\u0159it. Lze si v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavit i opa\u010dn\u00fd postup, kdy st\u00e1t vytvo\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky, aby se mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 dostali d\u0159\u00edv k\u00a0dostupn\u00e9mu bydlen\u00ed a nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed generace byly po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e1 obava se soust\u0159e\u010fuje na nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed schodky na d\u016fchodov\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dtu. Form\u00e1ln\u011b sice nic takov\u00e9ho nem\u00e1me, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu, ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevid\u00edme rozd\u00edl mezi pln\u011bn\u00edm a \u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm. Pln\u011bn\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u011b ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, proto je st\u00e1le velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi platbami zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kter\u00fdm se to prost\u011b strhne, a OSV\u010c, kte\u0159\u00ed plat\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, a po zru\u0161en\u00ed EET jen podle vlastn\u00ed \u00favahy, dobrovoln\u011b. Nejnov\u011bji m\u00e1 z\u00a0d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu ucucnout n\u00e1pad, \u017ee pracuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fchodci nebudou p\u0159isp\u00edvat v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n

Odtud nen\u00ed daleko ke geni\u00e1ln\u00edmu n\u00e1padu, \u017ee tak\u00e9 na \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed se mus\u00ed ubrat. D\u016fchodce je t\u0159eba otu\u017eovat triky s\u00a0okle\u0161t\u011bnou valorizac\u00ed a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm budouc\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f. To by mohlo mlad\u00e9 p\u0159im\u011bt k\u00a0tomu, aby se sv\u011b\u0159ili do rukou finan\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm p\u0159enechaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u00faspory, a za t\u0159icet let za n\u011b dostanou mil\u00fd dopis od t\u011bchto pracovit\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f. Bude obsahovat spoustu str\u00e1nek s\u00a0detailn\u00edm v\u00fd\u010dtem p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, pro\u010d to tentokr\u00e1t nevy\u0161lo a z\u00a0pen\u011bz skoro nic nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ale bu\u010fme realist\u00e9 a cht\u011bjme nemo\u017en\u00e9. \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee by z\u00a0t\u011bch pen\u011bz n\u011bco bylo. V\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i star\u00e9m, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee republika zest\u00e1rla, pr\u00e1ceschopn\u00fdch ubylo, ale ti, kdo se do\u017eili, \u0161ouraj\u00ed se k\u00a0\u0161altru vybrat si ty prachy. Co si ale za n\u011b koup\u00ed, kdy\u017e u\u017e skoro nikdo ned\u011bl\u00e1? Kde najdou recept, jak dusit p\u011btistovku na cibulce, aby byla l\u00e9pe po\u017eivateln\u00e1? Jure\u010dkovy rady, jak dusit d\u016fchodce, u\u017e budou v\u00a0tuhle chv\u00edli k\u00a0ni\u010demu.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee i zde si lze p\u0159edstavit jin\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159. M\u00edsto do cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edrk\u016f (dlouhodob\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed produkt<\/em>) lze investovat do firmy, ve kter\u00e9 pracuji. Jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzor m\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit americk\u00fd ESOP, \u010dili\u00a0Empoyee Stock Option Plan<\/em>\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho z\u00e1kona se spoustou v\u00fdhod, nebo\u0165 je to za\u0159azeno do portfolia d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee jde o uzav\u0159en\u00fd ob\u011bh akci\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt jen aktivn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci. Za dobr\u00fdch \u010das\u016f maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl ze sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a b\u011bhem finan\u010dn\u00ed krize se zase potvrdilo, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou sv\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta o 20 \u2013 50 % l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1nit ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Od d\u016fchodc\u016f akcie odkupuje zase jejich ESOP (m\u00e1 na to fond).<\/p>\n

T\u00e9matu se dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnuje ekonom David Ellermann, kter\u00fd na p\u0159elomu mil\u00e9nia p\u016fsobil ve Sv\u011btov\u00e9 bance v\u00a0\u00fatvaru hlavn\u00edho ekonoma Josepha Stiglitze. Pozd\u011bji se p\u0159i\u017eenil do Slovinska a projekt zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fdch akci\u00ed rozv\u00edjel ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0lubla\u0148sk\u00fdm Institutem pro ekonomickou demokracii. Podle t\u011bchto zku\u0161enost\u00ed navrhl \u201eevropsk\u00fd generick\u00fd model ESOP\u201c schopn\u00fd fungovat i v\u00a0zem\u00edch, kde se nem\u016f\u017ee op\u0159\u00edt o v\u0161echny v\u00fdhody americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ale je pos\u00edlen o dru\u017estevn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vu a periodick\u00fd odkup akci\u00ed (rollover<\/em>) od nejstar\u0161\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, aby i po n\u00e1stupu nov\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f bylo t\u011bch akci\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Je to model vhodn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky, nap\u0159\u00edklad rodinn\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 marn\u011b hledaj\u00ed z\u00e1stupce. Nebo o\u00a0spin-off<\/em>\u00a0z\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Nebo nad n\u011bjak\u00fdm komun\u00e1ln\u00edm projektem, kter\u00fd je zah\u00e1jen komunitn\u00ed energetikou nebo obnoven\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem o m\u00edstn\u00ed potraviny. Zam\u011bstnanci vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 a dru\u017estevn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o pom\u011bry v\u00a0obci, vzpome\u0148me na \u010cubovy Slu\u0161ovice (ty se tak chovaly, i kdy\u017e se zm\u011bnily na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd koncern). Obec se rozv\u00edj\u00ed, vrac\u00ed se do n\u00ed \u017eivot. Bydlen\u00ed, slu\u017eby, m\u00edstn\u00ed potraviny a spousta dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed podm\u00ednky, kde se l\u00e9pe da\u0159\u00ed mlad\u00fdm i senior\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Ellermann a odborn\u00edci z\u00a0\u010ceska, Ma\u010farska a Polska budou jednat o zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed u kulat\u00e9ho stolu p\u0159es Zoom 4. dubna od 14:00. Organizuje to IAFP, co\u017e je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace se s\u00eddlem v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace pro ot\u00e1zky pod\u00edlu na zisku, pod\u00edlov\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a pl\u00e1n\u016f d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho spo\u0159en\u00ed. Snad to jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bude \u0161iroce p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9. V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budu referovat.<\/p>\n

Vra\u0165me se v\u0161ak k\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti. Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed se netaj\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee mysl\u00ed jen na to, jak d\u016fchodce odrbat. Pokud by jim to v\u00a0parlamentu pro\u0161lo, co\u017e bude s\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se volbami \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, cht\u011bli by nov\u011b p\u0159iznan\u00e9 d\u016fchody sn\u00ed\u017eit oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu o 8 procent. Odehr\u00e1valo by se to postupn\u011b mezi lety 2026 a 2035 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f pod prvn\u00ed reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranic\u00ed (na hladin\u011b 40 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy) a k\u00a0tomu je\u0161t\u011b jedn\u00edm koeficientem. Nelamte si hlavu s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee tomu koeficientu neporozum\u00edte. Nerozum\u00ed mu nikdo, ale dostanete mi\u0148.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1pad, \u017ee pracuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fchodci by u\u017e nemuseli platit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, aby to v\u00a0t\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci d\u00e9le vydr\u017eeli. Ponechme te\u010f stranou, \u017ee jde o dal\u0161\u00ed pokus podtrhnout pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu d\u016fchodov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu nohy. Soust\u0159e\u010fme se na volbu jednotlivce. Musel by v\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o\u017eelet dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fchodu, kter\u00fdm si dnes\u00a0prd\u016fch<\/em>\u00a0p\u0159ilep\u0161\u00ed o 0,4 procenta ro\u010dn\u011b. Na prvn\u00ed pohled to vypad\u00e1 l\u00e1kav\u011b, proto\u017ee sazba pojistn\u00e9ho 6,5 procenta z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmu 20 tis\u00edc korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b \u010din\u00ed 1300 korun. Kdy\u017e to srovn\u00e1me s\u00a0pouh\u00fdmi 80 korunami m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, o kter\u00e9 by se jinak zvy\u0161oval d\u016fchod, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nen\u00ed co \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Dopl\u0148me to v\u0161ak o dal\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1n Jure\u010dkova ministerstva, \u017ee do d\u016fchodu by se m\u011blo nastupovat a\u017e ve v\u011bku, kdy n\u00e1m statistici potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tahle v\u011bkov\u00e1 kohorta za 21,5 roku uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u011b zaklepe ba\u010dkorami. Odhadnout by se to m\u011blo, kdy\u017e jim je 50. \u00dakol to bude t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd, nikdy jsem nic takov\u00e9ho nevid\u011bl, a tak by se to neobe\u0161lo bez omamn\u00fdch v\u016fn\u00ed a n\u011bjak\u00e9 t\u00e9 lajny. Ale berme to tak, \u017ee hodnotu d\u016fchodu po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me za 21 let. A tady je podstatn\u00e9, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fchodu je trval\u00e9, zat\u00edmco \u00faleva z\u00a0platby soci\u00e1ln\u00edho pojistn\u00e9ho se d\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edt, jen dokud ta pr\u00e1ce je.<\/p>\n

\u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee jsme se ve zdrav\u00ed do\u017eili 65 let a doma je nuda. Najdeme si tedy n\u011bjakou leh\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a deset let to je\u0161t\u011b vydr\u017e\u00edme. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku dostaneme 20 tis\u00edc m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b a v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech na\u0161e hrub\u00e1 mzda poroste o 5 procent ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i inflaci 2 procenta. Kdyby m\u011bla platit ta Jure\u010dkova inovace, prvn\u00ed rok u\u0161et\u0159\u00edme na neplacen\u00e9m pojistn\u00e9m 15\u00a0600 korun, a des\u00e1t\u00fd rok, kdy u\u017e bychom u\u017e bychom se dopracovali ke mzd\u011b 31 tis\u00edc, by u\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 pojistn\u00e9 p\u0159es\u00e1hlo 24 tis\u00edc korun ro\u010dn\u011b. To m\u00e1me za deset let skoro 200 tis\u00edc korun nav\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Z\u016fsta\u0148me v\u00a0poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kdy n\u00e1m ta p\u011bkn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce vydr\u017eela a zkusme porovnat tenhle v\u00fdsledek s\u00a0t\u00edm, o kolik jsme si mohli za stejnou dobu p\u0159ilep\u0161it podle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel. D\u016fchod budi\u017e taky 20 tis\u00edc, aby se to dob\u0159e po\u010d\u00edtalo, a bude pravideln\u011b valorizov\u00e1n o 3 procenta, tedy o celou o dvouprocentn\u00ed inflaci a jednu t\u0159etinu z p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mezd. Za deset let n\u00e1m d\u016fchod naroste na n\u011bco p\u0159es 26 tis\u00edc korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, av\u0161ak kdy\u017e se p\u0159id\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed za pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159ehoupne se p\u0159es 27 tis\u00edc korun.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se\u010dteme d\u016fchod plus\u00a0\u00fasporu soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle Jure\u010dkova modelu, jsme na tom za t\u011bch za deset let o 143 tis\u00edc korun l\u00edp ne\u017e s dosavadn\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm d\u016fchodu za pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed aktivitu. Jen\u017ee \u017eivot nekon\u010d\u00ed, jenom s\u00edly do\u0161ly. M\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou dal\u0161\u00edch jeden\u00e1ct let, kdy budeme br\u00e1t jen d\u016fchod. Podle dosavadn\u00edho modelu by se odv\u00edjel ze z\u00e1kladu, kter\u00fd se vy\u0161plhal o tis\u00edc korun v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e podle Jure\u010dkova modelu s neplacen\u00edm pojistn\u00e9ho. A z\u00a0toho vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1kladu dostaneme za 11 let o 315 tis\u00edc korun v\u00edc.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu je celkov\u00e9m sou\u010dtu dne\u0161n\u00ed model v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 tis\u00edc korun. Lze to vyj\u00e1d\u0159it i jinak. Podle Jure\u010dkova modelu by prodlou\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed aktivity o 10 let zv\u00fd\u0161ilo d\u016fchodov\u00e9 a dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy (za u\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 pojistn\u00e9) zhruba o dv\u011b procenta ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm, kdo ned\u011bl\u00e1 nic. Ale podle platn\u00e9ho modelu by to bylo o p\u011bt procent.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do d\u016fchodu pozd\u011bji, za m\u00ed\u0148 a s \u00fasporami, ze kter\u00fdch nic nen\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b, i kdyby…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,998,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50821"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50821\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}