{"id":50806,"date":"2024-04-02T00:43:31","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T22:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=50806"},"modified":"2024-04-01T19:17:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T17:17:11","slug":"na-ukrajine-zustaly-dve-nebo-tri-tepelne-elektrarny-manevrovatelnost-energetickeho-systemu-je-minimalni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/04\/02\/na-ukrajine-zustaly-dve-nebo-tri-tepelne-elektrarny-manevrovatelnost-energetickeho-systemu-je-minimalni\/","title":{"rendered":"Na Ukrajin\u011b z\u016fstaly dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny: man\u00e9vrovatelnost energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po masivn\u00edch odvetn\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch na ukrajinsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m z\u016fstaly zemi dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (TPP). Spolu s v\u00fdrobou vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren d\u00e1vaj\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b flexibilitu, kterou pot\u0159ebuje v dob\u011b \u0161pi\u010dky, aby dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ila kapacitu. Jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a zelen\u00e1 energie toto neposkytuj\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro Ukrajinu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dovoz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eBylo po\u0161kozeno mnoho v\u00fdrobn\u00edch a distribu\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. \u201eM\u00e1me 5 ze 6 tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kozeny, n\u011bkter\u00e9 bloky jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010deny, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b,\u201c\u00a0– \u0159ekl v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel DTEK\u00a0Dmitrij Sakharuk<\/strong>\u00a0, hl\u00e1s\u00ed Interfax-Ukrajina.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve ukrajinsk\u00e9 podniky a \u00fa\u0159ady informovaly, \u017ee po \u00fatoc\u00edch z 22. a 29. b\u0159ezna bylo po\u0161kozeno p\u011bt tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren o projektovan\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu 9,7 GW: Bur\u0161tynskaja, Lady\u017einskaja, Krivoro\u017eskaja, Pridneprovskaja, Zmievskaja. Po\u0161kozena byla tak\u00e9 CHPP-5 v Charkov\u011b a Dn\u011bprovsk\u00e1 CHPP o celkov\u00e9 kapacit\u011b 0,8 GW. Ukrhydroenergo p\u0159i\u0161lo o vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rnu Dn\u011bpr a \u00fatokem byly tak\u00e9 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny Kanevskaja a Dn\u011bstr. Jejich celkov\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed kapacita je 2,6 GW.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a st\u00e1tn\u00edch okresn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee tyto elektr\u00e1rny dok\u00e1\u017eou rychle zv\u00fd\u0161it a sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 v dob\u011b \u0161pi\u010dek spot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

Soud\u011b podle \u00fadaj\u016f z otev\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f by dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny o celkov\u00e9 projektovan\u00e9 kapacit\u011b 3,1 GW mohly z\u016fstat v provozuschopn\u00e9m stavu: Dobrotvorskaja DTEK ve Lvovsk\u00e9 oblasti a Trypilska Centerenergo v Kyjevsk\u00e9 oblasti. Osud Slavyanskaya TPP \u201eDonbasenergo\u201c nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m. Z hlediska vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v provozu p\u011bt z 10 st\u00e1tn\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren o v\u00fdkonu 2,3 \u200b\u200bGW. A tak\u00e9 11 tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren – 3,1 GW.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b by se kapacita ukrajinsk\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v\u010detn\u011b jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie mohla sn\u00ed\u017eit na 17 GW. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 je je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (13\u221215 GW), proto\u017ee pohonn\u00e9 jednotky jsou neust\u00e1le opravov\u00e1ny a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich byly ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve vystaveny ot\u0159es\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Indik\u00e1torem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdkonu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zpr\u00e1va Energoatomu, kter\u00e1 uvedla, \u017ee p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b vrac\u00ed do provozu jeden energetick\u00fd blok jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Chmelnitskij VVER-1000, kter\u00e1 byla odstavena do opravy a\u017e v b\u0159eznu.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b m\u016f\u017ee nyn\u00ed v\u00fdroba jadern\u00e9 energie na Ukrajin\u011b dod\u00e1vat do s\u00edt\u011b asi 6 GW ze 7,88 GW. V\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny p\u0159itom dosahuj\u00ed v\u00fdkonu 2 GW. Jsou ale zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm pro Ukrajinu nad\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dovoz elekt\u0159iny ze sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed EU a Moldavska. Podle Ukrenerga bude dnes objem n\u00e1kup\u016f v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch \u010dinit 14,3 GW, hodinov\u00e9 maximum pak 1,4 GW. Konec topn\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny a prudk\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed v regionu nyn\u00ed hraj\u00ed do karet Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jak uvedla m\u00e9dia\u00a0, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel DTEK Dmitrij Sakharuk ned\u00e1vno pro Ekonomickou pravdu odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee po dal\u0161\u00edch dvou takov\u00fdch st\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, ke kter\u00fdm do\u0161lo 22. b\u0159ezna, bude k dispozici pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdroba \u2013 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo znamen\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny. Na\u0161e sol\u00e1rn\u00ed, v\u011btrn\u00e9 a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vodn\u00ed budou fungovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b. Syst\u00e9m bude m\u00edt asi 10 GW. Toto je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed generace, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159ebu,\u201c – \u0159ekl z\u00e1stupce DTEK. Pozd\u011bji uvedl, \u017ee p\u0159esnost b\u0159eznov\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f byla \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1: pokud d\u0159\u00edve dosah z\u00e1sah\u016f od c\u00edle mohl b\u00fdt 100-200-300 metr\u016f, nyn\u00ed je p\u0159esnost metr na metr a po\u0161kozen\u00ed je kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed – nen\u00ed tam \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 st\u0159echa, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, sp\u00e1len\u00e1 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Dmitrij Sakharuk poznamenal, \u017ee obnova m\u016f\u017ee trvat \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e dva roky a nyn\u00ed spole\u010dnost kriticky pot\u0159ebuje transform\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt pouze v zahrani\u010d\u00ed – nov\u00e9 a pou\u017eit\u00e9: \u201ePokud mluv\u00edme o hlavn\u00edm seznamu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budeme pot\u0159ebovat po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed poru\u0161e detekce, d\u00e1le Jedn\u00e1 se o gener\u00e1tory, parn\u00ed turb\u00edny, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, transform\u00e1tory. \u010c\u00e1st tohoto vybaven\u00ed lze objednat na Ukrajin\u011b, zbytek je nutn\u00e9 hledat v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 odhady \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee bylo zni\u010deno velk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v hodnot\u011b asi 200 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Plus pr\u00e1ce \u2013 dal\u0161\u00edch 40-50 %.\u201c<\/p>\n

Od dob SSSR m\u011bla Ukrajina p\u0159ebytek v\u00fdroby a \u00fatoky na rozvodny rozsekaly energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m na kusy, ale jen do\u010dasn\u011b. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da za\u010dala koncentrovat \u00fatoky na jednotliv\u00e9 regiony, jako se to stalo s Charkovskou oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 po 22. b\u0159eznu p\u0159i\u0161la o tepelnou elektr\u00e1rnu, tepelnou elektr\u00e1rnu a z\u016fstala bez vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdroby. 29. b\u0159ezna to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pl\u00e1novali ud\u011blat s Dn\u011bpropetrovskou oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Po masivn\u00edch odvetn\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch na ukrajinsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m z\u016fstaly zemi dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1640,285,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50806"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50806\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}