{"id":5046,"date":"2021-09-28T04:45:12","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T02:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=5046"},"modified":"2021-10-16T05:05:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-16T03:05:43","slug":"den-statnosti-28-zari-nebo-28-rijen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/09\/28\/den-statnosti-28-zari-nebo-28-rijen\/","title":{"rendered":"Den st\u00e1tnosti 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebo 28. \u0159\u00edjen?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Str\u016fjci neomluviteln\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, kter\u00fdm bylo rozbit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu \u010cech\u016f a\u00a0Slov\u00e1k\u016f r.1992,\u00a0p\u0159i\u0159kli zbytkov\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jako den st\u00e1tnosti 28.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u2013 den pam\u00e1tky sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clava.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tnost\u00ed m\u00edn\u00edme v\u011bdom\u00ed p\u016fvodu a\u00a0smyslu st\u00e1tu, jeho osobitosti a\u00a0jeho zam\u011b\u0159enosti. Pr\u00e1vem se tedy pt\u00e1me, \u010d\u00edm uveden\u00fd sv\u011btec k\u00a0ustaven\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti p\u0159isp\u011bl? Pokusme se ur\u010dit jeho m\u00edsto v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nejstar\u0161\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu koncem 9.\u00a0a\u00a0v\u00a010.stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po z\u00e1niku Velkomoravsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159esunulo se j\u00e1dro budouc\u00edho z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu do \u010cech. Ma\u010farsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d odd\u011blil od n\u00e1s Slov\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0ma\u010farsk\u00e9m podru\u010d\u00ed z\u016fstali po\u00a0dlouh\u00e1 stolet\u00ed. \u010cech\u016fm se tehdy poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b s\u00edlil a\u00a0sl\u00e1bl ve st\u00e1l\u00e9m pot\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0mocn\u00fdmi sousedy. St\u00e1t vznikl \u00fasil\u00edm kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edho rodu P\u0159emyslovc\u016f, kter\u00fd mezi ostatn\u00edmi kmenov\u00fdmi kn\u00ed\u017eaty nabyl p\u0159evahy. Sv\u016fj p\u016fvod odvozoval od m\u00fdtick\u00e9ho P\u0159emysla-Or\u00e1\u010de. Prvn\u00edm historicky dolo\u017een\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem byl kn\u00ed\u017ee Bo\u0159ivoj. Dobrovoln\u011b p\u0159ijal k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, aby se chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed n\u00e1silnou kristianizac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b ideologicky za\u0161ti\u0165ovala feud\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdboje z\u00e1padn\u00edch soused\u016f (Frank\u016f, Bavor\u016f, Sas\u016f) pod heslem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry a\u00a0vymycov\u00e1n\u00ed pohanstv\u00ed. (V\u00a0boj\u00edch pod touto z\u00e1minkou zanikly \u010detn\u00e9 slovansk\u00e9 kmeny na Labi i\u00a0v\u00a0Pobalt\u00ed.)\u00a0 Bo\u0159ivoj p\u0159ijal k\u0159est kolem roku 880 z\u00a0rukou Metod\u011bjov\u00fdch. V\u00a0Praze zavedl k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho ritu, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili jazykem staroslov\u011bnsk\u00fdm. Av\u0161ak ma\u010farsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uher nezp\u016fsobil jen z\u00e1nik Velk\u00e9 Moravy, ale p\u0159eru\u0161il i\u00a0n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed jej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00a0Byzanc\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed bylo obr\u00e1ceno na ritus z\u00e1padn\u00ed, ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd \u0158\u00edmem a\u00a0latinskou liturgi\u00ed. (Slovansk\u00e1 bohoslu\u017eba do\u017e\u00edvala u\u00a0n\u00e1s tu a\u00a0tam do 12.\u00a0stol. Karel\u00a0IV. se pokusil obnovit ji ve 14.\u00a0stolet\u00ed v\u00a0kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e Emauzy.) Bo\u0159ivojovi n\u00e1stupci osv\u011bd\u010dovali diplomaticky sebez\u00e1chovnou k\u0159es\u0165anskou orientaci stavbou kostel\u016f, zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f, p\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00edm, reverenc\u00ed c\u00edrkvi. V\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed o\u00a0zalo\u017een\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho biskupstv\u00ed (stalo se r.973) lze spat\u0159ovat \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 dovr\u0161en\u00ed snahy z\u00edskat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed centrum a\u00a0t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru nez\u00e1vislosti na ciz\u00edch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a\u00a0jejich sv\u011btsk\u00fdch spojenc\u00edch a\u00a0ochr\u00e1nc\u00edch. Lze si p\u0159edstavit tehdej\u0161\u00ed rozporupln\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed feud\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed zemi, sv\u00e1ry z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch skupin sv\u011btsk\u00fdch i\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00edch o\u00a0\u00fa\u010dast na moci a\u00a0majetku, formov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch postoj\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1zor\u016f i\u00a0pod vlivem v\u011brnosti tradic\u00edm \u010di\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00edry, demonstraci vztah\u016f k\u00a0feud\u00e1ln\u00edm trend\u016fm mocensk\u00fdm i\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm, chov\u00e1n\u00ed loy\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0opozi\u010dn\u00ed, konformitu up\u0159\u00edmnou i\u00a0jen p\u0159edst\u00edranou.<\/p>\n

Do tohoto obdob\u00ed spad\u00e1 i\u00a0\u017eivot kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava (922 \u2013 929 nebo snad 935), \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho P\u0159emyslovce na pra\u017esk\u00e9m kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edm stolci. O\u00a0jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v\u00edme m\u00e1lo. Existuje vlastn\u011b jedin\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va sask\u00e9ho kronik\u00e1\u0159e mnicha Widukinda, \u017ee asi r.929 obnovil poplatnost \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b Jind\u0159ichu I. Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edkovi, zakladateli sask\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynastie. Jak k\u00a0tomu do\u0161lo a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010dem ta poplatnost spo\u010d\u00edvala, nev\u00edme. Vyk\u0159i\u010denou dod\u00e1vku \u201e120 vol\u016f a\u00a0500 h\u0159iven st\u0159\u00edbra\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed a\u017e Kosmas (+1125) a\u00a0ten ji zn\u00e1 jen z\u00a0doslechu. Doklady o\u00a0tom chyb\u011bj\u00ed. Historicky vzato, skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro \u010deskou st\u00e1tnost t\u00e9 doby m\u011bli dal\u0161\u00ed dva P\u0159emyslovci, Boleslav\u00a0I. a\u00a0 Boleslav II., t\u00edm, \u017ee roz\u0161i\u0159ovali a\u00a0upev\u0148ovali st\u00e1t. O\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00fdch \u00famyslech a\u00a0\u010dinech kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava nem\u00e1me historicky hodnov\u011brn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. Auto\u0159i dramat o\u00a0V\u00e1clavovi a\u00a0jeho bratru Boleslavovi, o\u00a0jejich sporu a\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00e9 V\u00e1clavov\u011b smrti, se sice sna\u017eili vystihnout charakterov\u00e9 rysy obou hrdin\u016f, jejich vlastnosti a\u00a0motivy, ale jsou to jen b\u00e1snick\u00e9 fikce. Ve skute\u010dnosti o\u00a0tom nev\u00edme nic.<\/p>\n

Sv. V\u00e1clav je hrdinou oslavn\u00fdch a\u00a0svato\u0159e\u010div\u00fdch legend, b\u00e1snick\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f, kter\u00e9 ho pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b horliv\u00e9ho \u0161i\u0159itele k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, sv\u011btce a\u00a0mu\u010dedn\u00edka. Zast\u00e1val pr\u00fd politiku nen\u00e1sil\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00edru, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 pokory a\u00a0l\u00e1sky. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed legendy o\u00a0jeho \u017eivot\u011b a\u00a0umu\u010den\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako o\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b a\u00a0umu\u010den\u00ed jeho babi\u010dky Ludmily, byly skl\u00e1d\u00e1ny staroslov\u011bnsky, dal\u0161\u00ed ji\u017e latinsky. Byly to prost\u0159edky tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 propagace, c\u00edrkev jimi z\u00edsk\u00e1vala v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enosti.\u00a0 Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0osob\u011b sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clava a\u00a0jeho kultu z\u00edskala vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed postavu mu\u010dedn\u00edka pro v\u00edru, sv\u011btce a\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho patrona v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m spojen\u00ed\u00a0 s\u00a0nebesy. Kult se \u00fa\u010delov\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il v\u00a0dob\u011b kolem zalo\u017een\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho biskupstv\u00ed (973) a\u00a0v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed biskupa Vojt\u011bcha Slavn\u00edkovce (+997).<\/p>\n

Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee gloriola sv\u011btce, kter\u00e1 obklopila \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho P\u0159emyslovce, m\u011bla sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam nejen pro c\u00edrkev, ale i\u00a0pro sv\u011btskou moc, pro dynastickou politiku vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho rodu. P\u0159emysl-Or\u00e1\u010d byl sice dokladem rodov\u00e9 starobylosti, nikoli v\u0161ak z\u00e1rukou pro danou dobu vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a\u00a0ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch ctnost\u00ed a\u00a0svatosti.<\/p>\n

A tak se stal sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clav i\u00a0patronem, ochr\u00e1ncem a\u00a0zprost\u0159edkovatelem bo\u017e\u00ed milosti pro vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed P\u0159emyslovce. Ocitl se na minc\u00edch, na pe\u010det\u00edch, na korouhv\u00edch. Vyvrcholen\u00edm kultu bylo gesto Karla IV., kter\u00fd kr\u00e1lovskou korunu a\u00a0korunova\u010dn\u00ed klenoty sv\u011b\u0159il p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 sv\u011btcov\u011b ochran\u011b a\u00a0prop\u016fj\u010dil jim tak kouzlo nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 moci .<\/p>\n

Shodou okolnost\u00ed v\u00a0kn\u00ed\u017eeti V\u00e1clavovi na\u0161el sv\u00e9ho hrdinu i\u00a0n\u00e1rod. V\u00a0p\u016fsobiv\u00e9m chor\u00e1lu (patrn\u011b ze zl\u00fdch let braniborsk\u00fdch ve 13.stol.) se k\u00a0n\u011bmu obr\u00e1til s\u00a0prosbou o\u00a0bo\u017eskou p\u0159\u00edmluvu a\u00a0pomoc. Chor\u00e1l byl dopln\u011bn dal\u0161\u00edmi slokami v\u00a0dob\u011b husitsk\u00e9: \u201eNedej zahynouti n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm\u2026\u201c A\u00a0\u201ev\u00e9voda \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kn\u00ed\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161\u201c, nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomen jen v\u00a0nezapomenuteln\u00e9\u00a0 skladb\u011b hudebn\u00ed, kterou cituj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch d\u00edlech i\u00a0na\u0161i klasi\u010dt\u00ed skladatel\u00e9,\u00a0 A. Dvo\u0159\u00e1k nebo J. Suk. Ale zn\u00e1me jej i\u00a0v\u00a0nejednom zp\u0159edm\u011btn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m. Po\u00a0mal\u00ed\u0159\u00edch J. M\u00e1nesovi a\u00a0M. Al\u0161ovi vytvo\u0159il jeho nezapomenutelnou postavu socha\u0159 J. V. Myslbek. Jeho monument\u00e1ln\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017ee sed\u00ed na statn\u00e9m koni na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, obklopen \u010desk\u00fdmi sv\u011btci.<\/p>\n

V. V. \u0160tech napsal o\u00a0Myslbekovi a\u00a0jeho soch\u00e1ch zasv\u011bcenou monografii.<\/p>\n

Souhlas\u00edme s\u00a0jeho charakteristikou zobrazen\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete: \u201eNen\u00ed to exaltovan\u00fd sv\u011btec-mu\u010dedn\u00edk, ale \u010dlov\u011bk zdrav\u00fd na t\u011ble i\u00a0na duchu. Nen\u00ed to v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk, dobyvatel, ale ryt\u00ed\u0159,\u00a0 ochr\u00e1nce. M\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed povahov\u00e9 vlastnosti a\u00a0ide\u00e1ly sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. Je state\u010dn\u00fd, opravdov\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd, v\u011brn\u00fd, proz\u00edrav\u00fd. Je hrdinou z\u00a0nutnosti, na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho o\u0159e sed\u00e1 jen k\u00a0obran\u011b cti a\u00a0pr\u00e1v sv\u00e9ho lidu. M\u00e1 magickou s\u00edlu a\u00a0moc. Pov\u011bst vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee se\u00a0 kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi bojovn\u00edky v\u00a0nitru Blan\u00edka. A\u00a0odtud vyjede na b\u00edl\u00e9m koni, a\u017e bude na\u0161\u00ed zemi nejh\u016f\u0159\u2026Je s\u00a0n\u00e1mi v\u00a0dob\u011b hladomor\u016f a\u00a0v\u00e1lek, v\u00a0dob\u011b nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho temna jako symbol n\u00e1roda a\u00a0vlasti.\u201c<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edm roce prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, za \u010dasu \u00fazkosti a\u00a0bolesti, vydal Karel Toman sb\u00edrku \u201eM\u011bs\u00edce\u201c, poetick\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed nad\u011bje. P\u0159ipome\u0148me m\u011bs\u00edc \u201eZ\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c: \u201eM\u016fj bratr dooral a\u00a0vyp\u0159\u00e1h kon\u011b, a\u00a0jak se stm\u00edv\u00e1, hlavu do h\u0159\u00edvy rodn\u00e9mu druhu polo\u017eil ti\u0161e, pohladil ho po\u00a0\u0161\u00edji a\u00a0zaposlouchal se, co mluv\u00ed kraj\u2026 Zn\u00ed zvony zd\u00e1lky tich\u00fdm svatve\u010derem, modlitba vesnic stoup\u00e1 chladn\u00fdm \u0161erem. Duch zem\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1: \u00fazkost, v\u00edra, bolest v\u00a0jedin\u00fd chor\u00e1l slily se a\u00a0let\u00ed k\u00a0v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu nebi. Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave, nedej zahynouti n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm\u201c. A\u00a0t\u00fd\u017e b\u00e1sn\u00edk v\u00edt\u00e1 ver\u0161i T.\u00a0G. Masaryka po\u00a0n\u00e1vratu do vlasti r. 1918 a\u00a0pak se s\u00a0n\u00edm lou\u010d\u00ed r.\u00a01937. Po\u00a0obakr\u00e1t opakuje refr\u00e9n: \u201e\u017dehnej ti svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav a\u00a0mistr Jan.\u201c A\u00a0do t\u0159etice p\u0159ipome\u0148me v\u00fdzvu Franti\u0161ka Halase z\u00a0r.\u00a01938: \u201eMyslete na chor\u00e1l, malov\u011brn\u00ed, myslete na chor\u00e1l\u2026k\u016f\u0148 V\u00e1clav\u016fv, k\u016f\u0148 bronzov\u00fd se v\u010dera v\u00a0noci t\u0159\u00e1s, a\u00a0kn\u00ed\u017ee kop\u00ed pot\u011b\u017ekal\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n

Sleduj\u00edce tradici kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava v\u00a0na\u0161ich d\u011bjin\u00e1ch, nem\u016f\u017eeme opomenout ani jej\u00ed dezinterpretaci a\u00a0falzifikaci v\u00a0dob\u011b tzv.\u00a0druh\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b Mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody z\u00a030.\u00a09.\u00a01938 obsadila nacistick\u00e1 vojska na\u0161e pohrani\u010d\u00ed. Ztratili jsme jednu t\u0159etinu \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a01,250.000 obyvateli \u010desk\u00e9 a\u00a0slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti, 40% v\u0161eho pr\u016fmyslu a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inu surovinov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, p\u0159erv\u00e1ny byly dopravn\u00ed spoje, zni\u010den obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Ale je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e materi\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty byly ztr\u00e1ty mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, rozklad politick\u00e9ho a\u00a0ideov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu prvn\u00ed republiky. President E. Bene\u0161 pod n\u00e1tlakem nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00a0 abdikoval, na jeho m\u00edsto byl zvolen p\u0159edstavitel protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed ideje, E.\u00a0H\u00e1cha. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor se naplnil hrub\u00fdm \u0161tvan\u00edm, hanoben\u00edm a\u00a0tupen\u00edm p\u0159edchoz\u00edho dvacetilet\u00ed, obou president\u016f-zakladatel\u016f a\u00a0jejich d\u00edla, budov\u00e1n\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ide\u00e1l\u016f ob\u010dansk\u00e9 demokracie, humanity, svobody a\u00a0rovnosti. Zvedla se vlna nen\u00e1visti ke v\u0161emu demokratick\u00e9mu a\u00a0vlasteneck\u00e9mu, k\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edm tradic\u00edm, prvn\u00edmu odboji, legion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, socialist\u016fm, komunist\u016fm. Ide\u00e1lem se stala p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 mocn\u00e9ho souseda, spokojenost s\u00a0vlastn\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzenost\u00ed, p\u00fdcha na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k\u00a0velik\u00e9mu celku mocn\u00e9 Velkon\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Josef \u010capek v\u00a0listopadu 1938 napsal:\u201c Co jste, \u0161tv\u00e1\u010di, travi\u010di, spekulanti bez sv\u011bdom\u00ed, ud\u011blali z\u00a0n\u00e1roda, z\u00a0lidu Masarykova poh\u0159bu, V\u0161esokolsk\u00e9ho sletu, mobilizace?! Ne ztracen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, ale toto je n\u00e1rodn\u00ed katastrofa\u201c.<\/p>\n

U\u0161tv\u00e1n t\u011bmito \u201etravi\u010di\u201c o\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji skonal jeho bratr, Karel \u010capek.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost pot\u0159ebovala ikonu, obraz, ide\u00e1l, osobnost, kter\u00e1 by ji personifikovala a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bla k\u00a0jej\u00ed legitimizaci a\u00a0adoraci. A\u00a0jako tuto osobnost si dramaturgov\u00e9 druh\u00e9 republiky vybrali kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava.<\/p>\n

J.\u00a0Rataj zrozen\u00ed svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 tradice druh\u00e9 republiky a\u00a0pot\u00e9 protektor\u00e1tu l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed takto:<\/p>\n

\u201eT\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho listopadu 1938, po\u00a0sv\u00e9m zvolen\u00ed presidentem \u010cesko-slovensk\u00e9 republiky, Emil H\u00e1cha vkle\u010de p\u0159ed stoj\u00edc\u00edm pra\u017esk\u00fdm arcibiskupem kardin\u00e1lem Karlem Ka\u0161parem pol\u00edbil lebku kn\u00ed\u017eete sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clava. O\u00a0den pozd\u011bji nov\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 Beranova vl\u00e1da po\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho slibu zah\u00e1jila svou pr\u00e1ci katolickou m\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010dnou svatov\u00e1clavskou modlitbou ministr\u016f. Oba akty, za konfesijn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed prvn\u00ed republiky nemysliteln\u00e9, vyzdvi\u017een\u00edm\u00a0 sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clava na st\u00e1tn\u00ed piedestal demonstrovaly konzervativn\u011b autorit\u00e1\u0159skou\u00a0 a\u00a0tradicionalistickou orientaci nov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. St\u00e1tnost druh\u00e9 republiky tak programov\u011b zp\u0159etrhala kontinuitu s\u00a0modern\u00edmi svobodomysln\u00fdmi hodnotami Washingtonsk\u00e9 deklarace z\u00a0r. 1918, z\u00a0nich\u017e vych\u00e1zela prvorepublikov\u00e1 idea st\u00e1tu. Sv.\u00a0V\u00e1clav m\u011bl n\u00e1m pom\u00e1hat \u201eb\u00fdt dobr\u00fdmi \u010cechy a\u00a0spolehliv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky \u0158\u00ed\u0161e\u201c. Posun t\u00e9to st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed ideje za okupace\u00a0 spo\u010d\u00edval v\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00ed identifikaci \u010cecha s\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161skou my\u0161lenkou a\u00a0nacistick\u00fdm evropanstv\u00edm. Kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav se prom\u011bnil \u201ev nel\u00edtostn\u00e9ho v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd vede sv\u00e9 \u00e1rijsk\u00e9 \u010cechy do boje proti \u017eid\u016fm, \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b, odboji, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, USA a\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu\u201c(J.\u00a0Rataj).<\/p>\n

Zneu\u017eit\u00ed V\u00e1clavova jm\u00e9na a\u00a0jeho \u00fadajn\u00e9ho poddansk\u00e9ho smi\u0159livectv\u00ed vyvrcholilo ustaven\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 orlice, kter\u00fd se za protektor\u00e1tu ud\u00edlel za z\u00e1sluhy jako vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed kolaborant\u016fm a\u00a0zr\u00e1dc\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Odm\u00edt\u00e1me hrub\u00e9, ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 a\u00a0zcela \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 dezinterpretace svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00fdch tradic a\u00a0ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrumilovn\u00e9ho postoje\u00a0 s\u00a0horlivost\u00ed podrobit se ciz\u00edm uchvatitel\u016fm. Ale i\u00a0kdy\u017e z\u016fstaneme jen u\u00a0pozitivn\u00edch tradic, kter\u00e9 jsou spjaty s\u00a0jeho jm\u00e9nem, mus\u00edme se pt\u00e1t znovu, \u010d\u00edm se kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav zaslou\u017eil o\u00a0\u010deskou st\u00e1tnost? Co m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd dynastick\u00fd sv\u011btec \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed a\u00a0pot\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a\u00a0posl\u00e9ze b\u00e1jn\u00fd ochr\u00e1nce podroben\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda v\u00a0dob\u011b ztracen\u00e9 samostatnosti dnes \u2013 s\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasnou st\u00e1tnost\u00ed v\u00a021.stolet\u00ed? On je p\u0159ece typickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed teokratick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dy, vl\u00e1dy z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti, kter\u00e1 je z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fle vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynastii prop\u016fj\u010dena, a\u00a0proto je posv\u00e1tn\u00e1, nedotknuteln\u00e1, nezm\u011bniteln\u00e1.\u00a0Podkl\u00e1dat n\u00e1m dnes svatov\u00e1clavskou tradici znamen\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159et zcela fale\u0161nou p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0z\u00e1kladu novodob\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prav\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu je 28.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjen 1918. Tento den symbolizuje vznik \u010ceskoslovenska jako v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 dovr\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edch proces\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edho probuzen\u00ed a\u00a0 obrozen\u00ed. Ne od smrti pokorn\u00e9ho mu\u010dedn\u00edka, ale od z\u00e1pasu a\u00a0v\u016fle lidu, kter\u00fd bojoval\u00a0 nejen perem, ale i\u00a0se zbran\u00ed v\u00a0ruce, datujeme svou novodobou st\u00e1tnost. N\u011bkolik generac\u00ed tvo\u0159iv\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed u\u00a0n\u00e1s i\u00a0na Slovensku polo\u017eilo postupn\u011b sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem z\u00e1klady na\u0161\u00ed novodob\u00e9 kultury i\u00a0politiky. Poda\u0159ilo se jim vr\u00e1tit ob\u011b etnika, odsouzen\u00e1 k\u00a0z\u00e1niku, mezi evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody. Poda\u0159ilo se to d\u00edk ob\u011btavosti, vz\u00e1jemnosti a\u00a0hrdinstv\u00ed \u010cech\u016f a\u00a0Slov\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se na vzniku nov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu pod\u00edleli. A\u00a0vznikl tak st\u00e1t republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd a\u00a0demokratick\u00fd, zru\u0161il monarchii, dynastick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky a\u00a0\u0161lechtick\u00e1 privilegia. Zavedl principy demokratick\u00e9 rovnosti, svobodomyslnosti a\u00a0sebev\u011bdom\u00e9 hrdosti, podlo\u017een\u00e9 poctivou prac\u00ed, samoz\u0159ejmou komunikac\u00ed se sv\u011btem a\u00a0opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdmi kulturn\u00edmi a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi ambicemi. Tato st\u00e1tnost byla po\u00a0druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a\u00a0okupaci obnovena a\u00a0tato st\u00e1tnost a\u00a0nic jin\u00e9ho nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladem jak\u00e9koli mysliteln\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti novodob\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f a\u00a0Slov\u00e1k\u016f, i\u00a0kdy\u017e se dnes ocitaj\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fatvarech. Tuto st\u00e1tnost bychom m\u011bli obnovit a\u00a0o\u017eivit neporu\u0161enou a\u00a0chr\u00e1nit ji v\u0161emi silami, s\u00a0\u00factou a\u00a0l\u00e1skou.<\/p>\n

Prof. PhDr. Stanislava Ku\u010derov\u00e1, CSc.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Str\u016fjci neomluviteln\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, kter\u00fdm bylo rozbit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu \u010cech\u016f a\u00a0Slov\u00e1k\u016f r.1992,\u00a0p\u0159i\u0159kli zbytkov\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[76,1260,1259],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5046"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5046\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}