{"id":50160,"date":"2024-03-24T00:43:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-23T23:43:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=50160"},"modified":"2024-03-24T04:46:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T03:46:06","slug":"zdenek-jemelik-nad-novym-zakonem-o-statnim-zastupitelstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/24\/zdenek-jemelik-nad-novym-zakonem-o-statnim-zastupitelstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk: Nad nov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Dne 1. \u010dervence 2024 za\u010dne platit nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00ed. Pot\u0159eba novelizovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kon se dostala do pov\u011bdom\u00ed odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti nejpozd\u011bji v r. 2010, kdy se vyno\u0159ila jako odezva na politicky motivovan\u00fd z\u00e1sah do jedn\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti m\u00edstop\u0159edsedovi vl\u00e1dy Ji\u0159\u00edmu \u010cunkovi. Po vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b Renaty Veseck\u00e9 Pavlem Zemanem se za spolupr\u00e1ce legislativc\u016f Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed a Ministerstva spravedlnosti rozb\u011bhly pr\u00e1ce na vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Jeho p\u0159edlohu jako prvn\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eil Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b ministr Pavel Bla\u017eek, kter\u00fd ji ale jako nepr\u016fchodnou nakonec st\u00e1hl. Pon\u011bkud pozm\u011bn\u011bnou p\u0159edlohu doru\u010dil do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny ministr Robert Pelik\u00e1n, ale i ten ji nakonec vzal zp\u011bt. Ob\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy po\u010d\u00edtaly s velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi zm\u011bnami v soustav\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed, co\u017e z\u0159ejm\u011b bylo p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou odporu proti nim.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon, jen\u017e za\u010dne platit 1. \u010dervence 2024, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen \u010d\u00e1st novot, obsa\u017een\u00fdch ve v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159edloh\u00e1ch, ale p\u0159esto je na m\u00edst\u011b uv\u00edtat jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed jako sice mal\u00fd, ale p\u0159ece jen pokrok v r\u00e1mci mo\u017en\u00e9ho. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zav\u00e1d\u00ed pevn\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vedouc\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f a do jejich jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zanikla zr\u016fdnost t\u0159eba i dvacetilet\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve funkci vedouc\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce bez ohledu na \u00farove\u0148 jeho v\u00fdkon\u016f. Stanov\u00ed pravidla v\u00fdb\u011bru a jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f. Z\u00e1kon chyt\u0159e p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed mo\u017enosti vzniku dvojvl\u00e1d\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1vratu do\u00a0 funkce odvolan\u00e9ho vedouc\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce, jeho\u017e odvol\u00e1n\u00ed zru\u0161il soud.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 vl\u00e1d\u011b pr\u00e1vo na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce na n\u00e1vrh ministra spravedlnosti. Nezachoval ale dosavadn\u00ed postup odvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f (odvol\u00e1n\u00ed ministrem na n\u00e1vrh nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho) a p\u0159enesl je do pravomoci k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho soudu. Je to asi \u00falitba ideologicky motivovan\u00e9 snaze o potla\u010den\u00ed vlivu ministra na person\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b nov\u00fd\u00a0 z\u00e1kon zasluhuje dle m\u00e9ho laick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed. Pokud si ale n\u011bkdo mysl\u00ed, \u017ee od 1.\u010dervence 2024 za\u010dne soustava st\u00e1tn\u00edho zastupitelstv\u00ed fungovat podstatn\u011b l\u00e9pe ne\u017e dosud,\u00a0 bez ob\u010dasn\u00fdch v\u00fdst\u0159elk\u016f jednotlivc\u016f, asi se m\u00fdl\u00ed. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce se pou\u010dil z pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 narazilo reformn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed Pavla Zemana&spol. a nepustil se do z\u00e1sadn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku na vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f za jejich pochyben\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako dosavadn\u00ed z\u00e1kon, tak i tento nov\u00fd p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci se mohou dopustit k\u00e1rn\u00fdch provin\u011bn\u00ed, za kter\u00e1 si mohou vyslou\u017eit postih. Pojem k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho provin\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce vymezil zcela obecn\u011b. Z praxe justi\u010dn\u00edho pot\u00ed\u017eisty, kter\u00fd podal v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det podn\u011bt\u016f ke k\u00e1rn\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jsem vyvodil poznatek, \u017ee obecnost vymezen\u00ed pojmu umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby stejn\u00fd skutek byl jednou posouzen jako k\u00e1rn\u00e9 provin\u011bn\u00ed, jindy jako nez\u00e1vadn\u00fd a jeho p\u016fvodce si p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vyslou\u017eit pochvalu.\u00a0 Jako laik si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee definice k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho provin\u011bn\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt dopln\u011bna o taxativn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e k\u00e1rn\u00fd \u017ealobce mus\u00ed uznat za k\u00e1rn\u00e9 provin\u011bn\u00ed a bu\u010f je p\u0159\u00edmo potrestat v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed k\u00e1rn\u00e9 pravomoci, nebo delikventa poslat p\u0159ed k\u00e1rn\u00fd soud. Takovou \u00fapravu m\u00e1 pojem k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho provin\u011bn\u00ed v soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b.<\/p>\n

Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee vedle toho, \u017ee vedouc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupci maj\u00ed k\u00e1rnou pravomoc v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm, by m\u011bl existovat nez\u00e1visl\u00fd org\u00e1n, nesv\u00e1zan\u00fd kolegi\u00e1ln\u00edmi ohledy, vybaven\u00fd<\/p>\n

vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edmi pravomocemi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi GIBS, kter\u00fd by \u0161et\u0159il st\u00ed\u017enosti na st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce a poznatky z opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed by postupoval speci\u00e1ln\u00edmu org\u00e1nu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u017ealoby a odtud ke k\u00e1rn\u00e9mu soudu. Ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee takov\u00e9 n\u00e1pady nevzbud\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich uplatn\u011bn\u00ed by asi doch\u00e1zelo k pod\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1rn\u00fdch \u017ealob \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e dosud.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed i nov\u00e1 \u00faprava ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f s od\u0161kod\u0148ovac\u00edm z\u00e1konem \u010d. 82\/1998 Sb. St\u00e1t vypl\u00e1c\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b des\u00edtky milion\u016f K\u010d jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ob\u011btem vadn\u00fdch trestn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Podle zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je mo\u017en\u00e9 za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed po\u017eadovat po p\u016fvodc\u00edch \u0161kod \u00fa\u010dast na jejich \u00fahrad\u011b regresn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Je to mo\u017en\u00e9 ale pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u0161kodi\u010de potrestal k\u00e1rn\u00fd soud.\u00a0 Jen\u017ee k\u00e1rn\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce zanik\u00e1 v proml\u010dec\u00ed lh\u016ft\u011b 3 let. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee mnoh\u00e1 trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou v\u00edcelet\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee k odhalen\u00ed z\u00e1vadnosti ur\u010dit\u00e9ho skutku dojde po v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159ech letech od jeho uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed. St\u00e1t pak po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho od\u0161kodn\u00ed, ale st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce, jen\u017e d\u016fvod k od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed vytvo\u0159il, na to nep\u0159isp\u011bje. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee nezn\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z\u0159ejm\u011b by v\u011bci prosp\u011blo jin\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed lh\u016fty nebo odstran\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e1zanosti regresn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v od\u0161kod\u0148ovac\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b s k\u00e1rn\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Jsou zde tedy n\u00e1m\u011bty k p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 po n\u011bkolika letech vyvolaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed novelizaci z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00ed. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi \u00favahami jsem soubor mo\u017en\u00fdch n\u00e1m\u011bt\u016f nevy\u010derpal.<\/p>\n

Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dne 1. \u010dervence 2024 za\u010dne platit nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o st\u00e1tn\u00edm zastupitelstv\u00ed. Pot\u0159eba novelizovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kon…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,7008,609],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}