{"id":49917,"date":"2024-03-22T00:40:09","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T23:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=49917"},"modified":"2024-03-21T16:34:12","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T15:34:12","slug":"jak-mikrovlny-prenaseji-plasty-do-vaseho-jidla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/22\/jak-mikrovlny-prenaseji-plasty-do-vaseho-jidla\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak mikrovlny p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed plasty do va\u0161eho j\u00eddla"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Historie na prvn\u00ed pohled<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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  • Va\u0159en\u00ed j\u00eddla v plastu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m pro mikrovlnnou troubu m\u016f\u017ee do j\u00eddla vyluhovat toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie<\/span><\/li>\n
  • V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z University of Almer\u00eda ve \u0160pan\u011blsku testovali komer\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 brambory v plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch vhodn\u00fdch do mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 byly va\u0159eny bez plastu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Kdy\u017e byly brambory oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1ny v plastu v mikrovlnce, do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 migraci chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z plastu<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Nov\u00e1, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vysoce toxick\u00e1 slou\u010denina se tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila v brambor\u00e1ch va\u0159en\u00fdch v plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch vhodn\u00fdch do mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Jedn\u00edm z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko kontaminace potravinami z potravin, je vyhnout se va\u0159en\u00ed potravin v plastu<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Supermarkety jsou pln\u00e9 hotov\u00fdch j\u00eddel, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch balen\u00fdch v plastov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pro mikrovlnnou troubu, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete jednodu\u0161e hodit do mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby a j\u00eddlo uvnit\u0159 uva\u0159it.\u00a0U\u0161et\u0159\u00edte tak p\u00e1r minut \u010dasu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b ve\u010de\u0159e, ale riskujete p\u0159i tom sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Proto\u017ee pokud va\u0159\u00edte j\u00eddlo v plastech bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pro mikrovlnnou troubu, toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie se mohou vyluhovat z va\u0161eho j\u00eddla.\u00a0Chemik\u00e1lie nejsou jen dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 toxiny nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v plastech, ale tak\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 slou\u010denina, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e jsou brambory um\u00edst\u011bny do plastu a zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1ny v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mikrovlnn\u00e9 va\u0159en\u00ed v plastu zp\u016fsobuje \u201evelmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd\u201c p\u0159enos chemik\u00e1li\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u011bdci z University of Almer\u00eda ve \u0160pan\u011blsku m\u011bli podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee energetick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mikrovlnn\u00e9ho va\u0159en\u00ed by mohly zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159enos chemik\u00e1li\u00ed z plastu do j\u00eddla p\u0159i t\u011bsn\u00e9m kontaktu.\u00a0Testovali tedy komer\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 brambory v plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch pro mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby (MPFC) ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 byly va\u0159eny bez plastu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Studie zahrnovala jak brambory va\u0159en\u00e9 v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b v plastov\u00e9m s\u00e1\u010dku nebo sklenici, tak brambory va\u0159en\u00e9 ve vod\u011b nad ohn\u011bm.\u00a0Kdy\u017e byly brambory oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1ny v plastu, do\u0161lo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 migraci plastov\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eBylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 migraci polymer\u016f polypropylenglykolu (PPG) z plastov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f do brambor… [a] pouze p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b v kontaktu s plastem.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tyto PPG \u2013 pokud jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch \u2013 se nep\u0159enesou do j\u00eddla, pokud nejsou uva\u0159eny spole\u010dn\u011b, jak se to d\u011bje v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b,\u201c vysv\u011btlil pro El Pais autor studie Francisco Jos\u00e9 D\u00edaz Galiano.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee do potravin p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed i jin\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, proto\u017ee \u201eexistuj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhradn\u011b v\u00fdsledkem procesu va\u0159en\u00ed brambor ve styku s plastem, kter\u00e9 nejsou p\u0159\u00edtomny ani v syrov\u00e9m bramboru, ani v n\u011bm. ten va\u0159en\u00fd ve vodn\u00edm bramboru nebo v bramboru va\u0159en\u00fd ve skle v mikrovlnce.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

    Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b toxick\u00e1 slou\u010denina vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e se brambory v plastu oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Pokud jste n\u011bkdy pochybovali o bezpe\u010dnosti plastu vhodn\u00e9ho pro mikrovlnnou troubu, druh\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Plasty obsahuj\u00ed syntetick\u00e9 fotoinici\u00e1tory, jako je 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-fenylpropan-1-on (HMPP), kter\u00e9 mohou reagovat s malt\u00f3zou, p\u0159irozenou slo\u017ekou brambor, za vzniku nov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eZde poprv\u00e9 ukazujeme, \u017ee plastov\u00e9 migranty v materi\u00e1lech p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch do styku s potravinami mohou reagovat s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami potravin, co\u017e vede ke slou\u010denin\u011b obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed UV fotoinici\u00e1tor (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-fenylpropan-1-on) s malt\u00f3zou z bramborov\u00fd \u0161krob kombinovan\u00fd;\u00a0„To bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno po va\u0159en\u00ed brambor v plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch vhodn\u00fdch pro mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby,“ uvedla studie.\u00a0V rozhovoru pro El Pais D\u00edaz Galiano vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee plasty obsahuj\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eSyntetick\u00e9 fotoinici\u00e1tory jsou reaktivn\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed interagovat a naj\u00edt n\u011bco, s \u010d\u00edm by se spojily, aby vytvo\u0159ily nov\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 molekuly, nov\u00e9 polymery, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed struktur, kter\u00e9 se replikuj\u00ed a mno\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee mikrovlnn\u00e1 energie na s\u00e1\u010dku spou\u0161t\u00ed proces, jeho\u017e kone\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem je kombinace jednoho ze syntetick\u00fdch fotoinici\u00e1tor\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i synt\u00e9ze plast\u016f \u2013 HMPP \u2013 a malt\u00f3zy, p\u0159irozen\u00e9 slo\u017eky bramborov\u00e9ho \u0161krobu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Nov\u011b identifikovan\u00fd malt\u00f3zov\u00fd deriv\u00e1t HMPP byl nalezen pouze v brambor\u00e1ch va\u0159en\u00fdch v plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch vhodn\u00fdch pro mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eP\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b identifikovan\u00fd deriv\u00e1t HMPP malt\u00f3zy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e jsou brambory va\u0159en\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 MPFC.\u00a0Vyluhov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos chemik\u00e1li\u00ed z FCM [materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch do styku s potravinami] do potravin je dob\u0159e pops\u00e1n v literatu\u0159e a byl tak\u00e9 prok\u00e1z\u00e1n v t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci…<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    To podporuje tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee k synt\u00e9ze deriv\u00e1tu HMPP-malt\u00f3zy doch\u00e1z\u00ed na bramboru b\u011bhem mikrovlnn\u00e9ho va\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee se ze \u0161krobu uvol\u0148uje voln\u00e1 malt\u00f3za a b\u011bhem tohoto procesu se UV fotoinici\u00e1tor p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z MPFC do brambor.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Nov\u00e1 slou\u010denina m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u201evysoce toxick\u00e1\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, co se stane v t\u011ble, kdy\u017e se zkonzumuje nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fd deriv\u00e1t HMPP-malt\u00f3zy v brambor\u00e1ch va\u0159en\u00fdch v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b, ale v\u011bdci maj\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u201evysokou toxicitu\u201c.\u00a0Zalo\u017eili to na skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee jde o Cramerovu strukturu t\u0159\u00eddy III, kter\u00e1 odkazuje na Cramer\u016fv rozhodovac\u00ed strom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ke klasifikaci chemik\u00e1li\u00ed do pravd\u011bpodobnosti n\u00edzk\u00e9, st\u0159edn\u00ed nebo vysok\u00e9 toxicity.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eCramer t\u0159\u00edda III obsahuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed rysy, kter\u00e9 neposkytuj\u00ed siln\u00fd po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed dojem bezpe\u010dnosti nebo mohou dokonce nazna\u010dovat v\u00fdznamnou toxicitu,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie publikovan\u00e1 v Computational Toxicology.\u00a0V\u011bdci pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee l\u00e1tka se m\u016f\u017ee hromadit v org\u00e1nech a vytv\u00e1\u0159et nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 metabolick\u00e9 produkty:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201eTato klasifikace je v souladu s \u00fadaji poskytnut\u00fdmi Evropskou agenturou pro chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (ECHA) podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed REACH pro HMPP, kter\u00e9 stanov\u00ed \u0161kodlivost fotoinici\u00e1toru.\u00a0Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky tohoto deriv\u00e1tu malt\u00f3zy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho in situ na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed nejsou zn\u00e1my.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    V minulosti v\u0161ak bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee spojen\u00ed exogenn\u00edch molekul s gluk\u00f3zov\u00fdmi skupinami podporuje jejich akumulaci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch org\u00e1nech, jako jsou j\u00e1tra nebo slezina.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho, jakmile deriv\u00e1t HMPP-malt\u00f3zy vstoup\u00ed do t\u011bla, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo \u00fapln\u011b hydrolyzov\u00e1n za vzniku malt\u00f3zy a\/nebo HMPP, mezi jin\u00fdmi nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi produkty metabolismu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Zde prezentovan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky d\u00e1le vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, jak bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jsou potraviny va\u0159en\u00e9 v MPFC (a potraviny balen\u00e9 v FCM obecn\u011b) pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu.\u00a0Migrace ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch a nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, krom\u011b slou\u010denin vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch in situ z materi\u00e1l\u016f pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly pro tyto materi\u00e1ly jsou nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Plastov\u00e9 s\u00e1\u010dky na potraviny v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b uvol\u0148uj\u00ed miliony mikroplast\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Jin\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy tak\u00e9 p\u0159inesly st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky o plastu upraven\u00e9m mikrovlnami.\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z University of Nebraska studovali uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mikroplast\u016f a nanoplast\u016f z plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f na potraviny, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch pro d\u011btskou v\u00fd\u017eivu, za r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pou\u017eit\u00ed.\u00a0Oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1dob v mikrovlnce zp\u016fsobilo nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mikroplast\u016f a nanoplast\u016f do potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Po t\u0159\u00edminutov\u00e9m zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 plasty uvolnily a\u017e 4,22 milionu mikroplastick\u00fdch a 2,11 miliardy nanoplastick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic na pouh\u00e9m jednom \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edm centimetru plochy.\u00a0\u201eV\u00fdsledky modelov\u00e1n\u00ed expozice nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odhadovan\u00fd denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem je 20,3 ng\/kg\/den u kojenc\u016f pij\u00edc\u00edch mikrovlnnou vodu a 22,1 ng\/kg\/den u kojenc\u016f konzumuj\u00edc\u00edch ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky \u201eKonzumace polypropylenov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b l\u017ee,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nav\u00edc i skladov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1dob v lednici nebo p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b vedlo k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed milion\u016f a\u017e miliard mikroplast\u016f a nanoplast\u016f b\u011bhem \u0161estim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.\u00a0V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 provedli in vitro studii k posouzen\u00ed \u017eivotaschopnosti bun\u011bk, kter\u00e1 zjistila, \u017ee mikroplasty a nanoplasty uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 z plastov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob zp\u016fsobily smrt v koncentraci 1 000 \u03bcg\/ml po 48 hodin\u00e1ch expozice V\u00fdsledkem bylo % lidsk\u00fdch embryon\u00e1ln\u00edch ledvinov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jin\u00e9 studie zjistily, \u017ee vystaven\u00ed mikroplast\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, imunitn\u00edm reakc\u00edm a oxidativn\u00edmu stresu a m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b pronikat bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdmi membr\u00e1nami.<\/span><\/p>\n

    84 z 85 potravin obsahuje plastov\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    I kdy\u017e j\u00eddlo v plastu neoh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1te v mikrovlnn\u00e9 troub\u011b, je velk\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee obsahuje plast.\u00a0Consumer Reports testoval 85 potravin na p\u0159\u00edtomnost bisfenol\u016f a ftal\u00e1t\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch endokrinn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, a to v\u017edy pomoc\u00ed dvou nebo t\u0159\u00ed vzork\u016f.\u00a0Bisfenol A (BPA) byl nalezen v 79 % vzork\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch ovoce, zeleninu, ml\u00e9ko, maso, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, d\u011btskou v\u00fd\u017eivu a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u0161echno j\u00eddlo bylo zabalen\u00e9, ale obalov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se li\u0161ily od plechovek a s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f po plasty a kartony.\u00a0I kdy\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z testovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f neobsahoval BPA nebo ftal\u00e1ty v \u00farovn\u00edch nad limity v USA a Evrop\u011b, nejedn\u00e1 se o zn\u00e1mku bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

    „Mnoho z t\u011bchto limit\u016f neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy a nemus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed v\u0161emi potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky,“ \u0159ekl Tunde Akinleye, v\u011bdec ze Consumer Reports, kter\u00fd na testov\u00e1n\u00ed dohl\u00ed\u017eel.\u00a0\u201eNec\u00edt\u00edme se dob\u0159e, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee tyto hodnoty jsou v po\u0159\u00e1dku.\u00a0To nejsi ty.“<\/span><\/p>\n

    Obal\u016fm potravin se dostalo velk\u00e9 pozornosti pro svou roli p\u0159i kontaminaci potravin, a to pr\u00e1vem.\u00a0Probl\u00e9m plast\u016f je ale tak\u00e9 tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd, proto\u017ee se vyskytuje v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi procesu v\u00fdroby potravin \u2013 po\u010d\u00ednaje zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u010cern\u00fd plast, n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako plastov\u00fd mul\u010d, je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed metodou kontroly plevele pro mnoho ekologick\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na rostlin raj\u010dat, paprik a meloun\u016f.\u00a0Mnoho trav a vytrval\u00fdch plevel\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee proniknout plastem, co\u017e tak\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dostat se na zem a stimuluje r\u016fst plevele.\u00a0Plastov\u00fd mul\u010d v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaor\u00e1n zp\u011bt na pole nebo skon\u010dit na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch jako dal\u0161\u00ed plastov\u00fd odpad.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Plastov\u00fd odpad m\u016f\u017ee kontaminovat vodu a p\u016fdu v \u200b\u200bbl\u00edzkosti skl\u00e1dek a p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho odpadu se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed chemik\u00e1lie.\u00a0Mikroplasty z plastov\u00e9ho odpadu se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rostliny mohou absorbovat zm\u011bk\u010dovadla z p\u016fdy, stejn\u011b jako zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 konzumuj\u00ed plasty v potrav\u011b a vod\u011b.\u00a0B\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou potraviny vystaveny dal\u0161\u00edmu kolu plast\u016f, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Consumer Reports, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/span><\/p>\n