{"id":49368,"date":"2024-03-15T00:33:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T23:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=49368"},"modified":"2024-03-14T14:47:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T13:47:37","slug":"vypousteni-geneticky-modifikovanych-komaru-ma-za-nasledek-mutace-ktere-mohou-zpusobit-onemocneni-prenasena-vektory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/15\/vypousteni-geneticky-modifikovanych-komaru-ma-za-nasledek-mutace-ktere-mohou-zpusobit-onemocneni-prenasena-vektory\/","title":{"rendered":"Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek MUTACE, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 vektory"},"content":{"rendered":"
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World Mosquito Program<\/a>\u00a0, vlastn\u011bn\u00fd Monash University a financovan\u00fd nadac\u00ed Billa a Melindy Gatesov\u00fdch, je experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed projekt, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je vym\u00fdtit nemoci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 kom\u00e1ry, jako je dengue, Zika, \u017elut\u00e1 zimnice a chikungunya.<\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed operace zahrnuje projekty ve 14 zem\u00edch a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed ochr\u00e1nila 11 milion\u016f lid\u00ed p\u0159ed nemocemi p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdmi vektory.\u00a0Projekty zahrnuj\u00ed vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed miliard geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nejprve se do vaj\u00ed\u010dek kom\u00e1r\u016f vst\u0159\u00edknou bakterie Wolbachia.\u00a0Po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby se sp\u00e1\u0159ily s p\u016fvodn\u00ed populac\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f a vym\u00fdtily druhy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nemoci, jako je dengue, chikungunya, virus Zika a \u017elut\u00e1 zimnice.<\/p>\n

\u201eChov\u00e1me kom\u00e1ry, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed bakterii Wolbachia, a pak je vypou\u0161t\u00edme do komunit, kde se bakterie Wolbachia \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v populaci divok\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f,\u201c\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Scott O’Neill<\/a>\u00a0, mikrobiolog z Monash University v Melbourne v Austr\u00e1lii a \u0159editel World Mosquito. Program.<\/p>\n

Masov\u00e9 experimenty s kom\u00e1ry neberou v \u00favahu selek\u010dn\u00ed tlak a vlastnosti odolnosti kom\u00e1r\u016f a patogen\u016f<\/p>\n

Program v\u0161ak nezohlednil vznik\u00a0znak\u016f rezistence u kom\u00e1r\u016f<\/a>\u00a0nebo c\u00edlov\u00fdch patogen\u016f.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee transgenn\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i Aedes aegypti\u00a0p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed geny do p\u0159irozen\u00e9 populace<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Jak\u00fd tlak to p\u016fsob\u00ed na populaci kom\u00e1r\u016f a patogeny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed?\u00a0Zaveden\u00ed bakteri\u00ed Wolbachia do populace kom\u00e1r\u016f m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout selek\u010dn\u00ed tlak na genomy kom\u00e1r\u016f a viry, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, a t\u00edm podpo\u0159it v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch rezistentn\u00edch druh\u016f a kmen\u016f patogen\u016f.\u00a0Tyto biologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky jsou srovnateln\u00e9 se vznikem bakteri\u00ed rezistentn\u00edch na antibiotika v d\u016fsledku selek\u010dn\u00edho tlaku antibiotik na ur\u010dit\u00e9 vlastnosti patogen\u016f.<\/p>\n

Geneticky modifikovan\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i neodstra\u0148uj\u00ed nemoci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vektory dokonale a bezpe\u010dn\u011b.\u00a0Byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny\u00a0mutace v geneticky upraven\u00fdch let\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech ur\u010den\u00fdch ke kontrole populac\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f.\u00a0<\/a>V jedn\u00e9 studii v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f nesouc\u00edch dominantn\u00ed let\u00e1ln\u00ed gen m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek toxickou nadm\u011brnou expresi, co\u017e vede k rezistenci u ur\u010dit\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u00edch populac\u00ed.\u00a0V laboratorn\u00edch experimentech zjistili, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i A. aegypti p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed nemoci byli odoln\u00ed a 3,5 % jejich populace z\u016fstalo odoln\u00fdch.\u00a0V\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee je to \u201ep\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli inherentn\u00edm \u201a\u00fanik\u016fm\u2018 v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch rozd\u00edlnou expres\u00ed nebo funkc\u00ed transgenn\u00edch let\u00e1ln\u00edch efektor\u016f, a\u010dkoli d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky mutac\u00edm v genetick\u00fdch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch syst\u00e9mu [zat\u00edm] zn\u00e1m\u00fd.“<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 poznamenali, \u017ee existuje \u201epotenci\u00e1l pro genetick\u00fd kolaps let\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch spont\u00e1nn\u00edch mutac\u00ed nebo selekce na inherentn\u00ed supresory\u201c.<\/p>\n

Tyto mutace mohou v\u00e9st k rezistentn\u00edm chorob\u00e1m p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm vektory, kter\u00e9 je je\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vym\u00fdtit a\/nebo l\u00e9\u010dit, jakmile infikuj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

Gatesova nadace chce v Braz\u00edlii zalo\u017eit chov kom\u00e1r\u016f a t\u011b\u017eit z experiment\u016f s vakc\u00ednami proti hore\u010dce dengue.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gates Foundation vrac\u00ed svou \u201efilantropii\u201c\u00a0zp\u011bt do ulic Braz\u00edlie<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Gatesova nadace poskytuje\u00a055 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/a>\u00a0na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed vakc\u00ednu proti hore\u010dce dengue a financuje v\u00fdvoj tov\u00e1rny na chov kom\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e1 bude ro\u010dn\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bt 5 miliard geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v roce 2011 v Braz\u00edlii za\u010dal sv\u011btov\u00fd program proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm, pilotn\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Wolachia skute\u010dn\u011b sni\u017euje riziko p\u0159enosu viru kom\u00e1ry Aedes aegypti.\u00a0I kdy\u017e to m\u016f\u017ee kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b pomoci omezit choroby p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vektory, mohlo by to tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k op\u011btovn\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chorob.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed experiment s \u017eiv\u00fdmi kom\u00e1ry v Braz\u00edlii\u00a0prob\u011bhl v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014<\/a>\u00a0v Rio de Janeiru.\u00a0V roce 2017 byly provedeny rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 testy s pomoc\u00ed Nadace Oswalda Cruze (Fiocruz) a pod veden\u00edm ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed.\u00a0O deset let pozd\u011bji jsou v\u00fdsledky tohoto experimentu katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed.\u00a0Dnes bylo v Americe hl\u00e1\u0161eno v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,8 milionu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f hore\u010dky dengue.\u00a0Braz\u00edlie m\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0druhou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s 1 104,5 p\u0159\u00edpady na 100 000 obyvatel.\u00a0„V prvn\u00edch p\u011bti t\u00fddnech roku\u00a02024 bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno 364 855 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/a>\u00a0infekce hore\u010dkou dengue, co\u017e je \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v roce 2023.“<\/p>\n

Bloomberg a dal\u0161\u00ed koupen\u00e1 m\u00e9dia\u00a0tvrd\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou n\u00e1r\u016fstu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f hore\u010dky dengue.\u00a0Tato tvrzen\u00ed \u010din\u00ed, ani\u017e by zkoumali environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a genetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny t\u00e9to choroby p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vektory v Braz\u00edlii.\u00a0Mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pokus\u016f s kom\u00e1ry v zemi nejsou zm\u00edn\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee brazilsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed schv\u00e1lilo v roce 2023 novou\u00a0vakc\u00ednu proti hore\u010dce dengue<\/a>\u00a0a stalo se tak prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 nab\u00eddla experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed injekci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm syst\u00e9mu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0Za t\u00edmto masov\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 Gatesova nadace, kter\u00e1 financovala masov\u00e9 pokusy s kom\u00e1ry a sna\u017e\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edt pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bchy sv\u00fdch masov\u00fdch pokus\u016f s kom\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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World Mosquito Program\u00a0, vlastn\u011bn\u00fd Monash University a financovan\u00fd nadac\u00ed Billa a Melindy Gatesov\u00fdch, je experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2788,762,2789,1031],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49368"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}