{"id":49184,"date":"2024-03-12T05:12:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T04:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=49184"},"modified":"2024-03-12T05:12:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T04:12:41","slug":"jan-campbell-jaderna-energetika-ve-stredni-asii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/12\/jan-campbell-jaderna-energetika-ve-stredni-asii\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: Jadern\u00e1 energetika ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii roste z\u00e1jem o jadernou energii. Z\u00e1jem m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee jadern\u00e1 energie se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm a spolehliv\u00fdm zdrojem energie pro mnoho zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b regionu St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee v Uzbekist\u00e1nu ji\u017e za\u010daly p\u0159\u00edpravy na v\u00fdstavbu prvn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a tak\u00e9 kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 ministerstvo energetiky p\u0159edlo\u017eilo n\u00e1vrh mo\u017en\u00e9ho obnoven\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energetiky. Obnoven\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energetiky se by se m\u011bla sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost zem\u011b na fosiln\u00edch palivech. M\u011blo by doj\u00edt i k pos\u00edlen\u00ed energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti regionu a tak\u00e9 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli opat\u0159en\u00ed k obnoven\u00ed nebo rozvoji program\u016f jadern\u00e9 energie v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje pevn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec.<\/p>\n

Proto a aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna bezpe\u010dnost a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a materi\u00e1l\u016f, MAAE pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zem\u00edm zav\u00e9st nezbytn\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed r\u00e1mce pro maximalizaci p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f m\u00edrov\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00e9 technologie. Kazachst\u00e1n spolupracuje s MAAE ji\u017e \u0159adu let, mimo jin\u00e9 jako hostitelsk\u00e1 zem\u011b Banky n\u00edzko obohacen\u00e9ho uranu MAAE.<\/em><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je Uzbekist\u00e1n v aktivn\u00ed f\u00e1zi p\u0159\u00edprav rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho projektu, realizovan\u00e9ho za \u00fa\u010dasti rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed korporace Rosatom. Projekt se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00fdstavby jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny pobl\u00ed\u017e jezera Tuzkan, o\u00e1zy v pou\u0161ti Kyzylkum, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci koncepce rozvoje jadern\u00e9 energetiky v Uzbekist\u00e1nu na l\u00e9ta 2019-2029. Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna m\u00e1 b\u00fdt postavena z prost\u0159edk\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu Uzbekist\u00e1nu a st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky z Ruska. MAAE z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 uzbeckou vl\u00e1du, aby provedla komplexn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch rizik dopadu na o\u00e1zu Uzbekist\u00e1nu, jezero Tuzkan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Jezero je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed jezer s brakickou vodou, kter\u00e1 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu t\u0159\u00ed jezer (Ajdarku, Arnasaj a Tuzkan) o celkov\u00e9 plo\u0161e 4000 km\u00b2. Cel\u00e1 soustava jezer je 250 km dlouh\u00e1 a 15 km \u0161irok\u00e1. Vodn\u00ed hladina jezer Ajdarkul a Tuzkan se t\u00e1hne v d\u00e9lce 180 km z v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad a p\u0159ipojen\u00fd c\u00edp Arnasajsk\u00fdch jezer se t\u00e1hne v d\u00e9lce 70 km ze severu na jih. Syst\u00e9m jezer je nap\u00e1jen mimo jin\u00e9 v\u00fdtokem z vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0160ardara a Syrdarja a produkoval v\u00a0letech 1994-2001, 760 a\u017e 2 000 tun ryb ro\u010dn\u011b. Mnoho vodn\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f migruj\u00edc\u00edch od Aralsk\u00e9ho jezera tady na\u0161lo sv\u016fj domov.<\/p>\n

Ru\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9, a zejm\u00e9na rusk\u00fd velvyslanec v Ta\u0161kentu Oleg Malginov, zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b je odhodl\u00e1na poskytnout Uzbekist\u00e1nu nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalitu, nov\u00e9 technologie a vysokou \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti na pozad\u00ed rostouc\u00edho z\u00e1jmu r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed o v\u00fdstavbu jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci z\u00e1rove\u0148 varuj\u00ed, jak by to v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b m\u011blo b\u00fdt, p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm podcen\u011bn\u00ed rizik tohoto projektu, kter\u00e9 by mohlo v\u00e9st k nevratn\u00fdm ekologick\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m v cel\u00e9m regionu, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 osobn\u011b zn\u00e1m z\u00a0p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vedouc\u00edho kancel\u00e1\u0159e programu EK TACIS.<\/p>\n

Navrhovan\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro v\u00fdstavbu jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny na jeze\u0159e Tuzkan je vzd\u00e1leno pouh\u00fdch 40 km od regionu Turkest\u00e1n, nejhust\u011bji obydlen\u00e9 oblasti Kazachst\u00e1nu. Na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, pobl\u00ed\u017e Tuzkanu, na \u00fazem\u00ed Kazachst\u00e1nu, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e Shardara, zdroj pitn\u00e9 vody strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Pro\u010d strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu? \u00a0Proto\u017ee se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ece Syrdarja, kter\u00e1 prot\u00e9k\u00e1 Kyrgyzst\u00e1nem, T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nem, Uzbekist\u00e1nem, Kazachst\u00e1nem a vl\u00e9v\u00e1 se do Aralsk\u00e9ho jezera. Proto je pot\u0159eba vylou\u010dit, aby nedo\u0161lo k neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9mu v jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho projekt Rosatomu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v oblasti n\u00e1chyln\u00e9ho k\u00a0zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Oblast za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed za\u017eila 230 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed o s\u00edle 4 a v\u00edce v okruhu 186 mil (v pr\u016fm\u011bru asi jedno zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 15 dn\u00ed).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee provoz jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny vy\u017eaduje vyu\u017eit\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Vodn\u00ed zdroje jako takov\u00e9, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich zn\u00e1m\u00fd deficit ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii, a v\u00fdstavba jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny mohou p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zhor\u0161it komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou v\u00a0regionu. Podle dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00fd objem vody v Tuzkansk\u00e9m jeze\u0159e, m\u016f\u017ee nesta\u010dit, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f nesta\u010d\u00ed, k chlazen\u00ed jadern\u00fdch reaktor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Alternativn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm problematiky kompetentn\u00ed realizace problematiky zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energetiky jsou mal\u00e9 reaktory. O nich se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b mluv\u00ed a diskutuje \u010d\u00edm d\u00edl v\u00edce, i v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Pro\u010d? Mimo jin\u00e9, proto\u017ee mimo jin\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, maj\u00ed dobrou seismickou odolnost a vysok\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed parametry a v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech sni\u017euj\u00ed provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, do hry se sna\u017e\u00ed dostat zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jihokorejsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Hyundai Engineering Co. Ta uzbeck\u00e9 stran\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost postavit malou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu s vyu\u017eit\u00edm modul\u00e1rn\u00edho pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho reaktoru (SMART) integrovan\u00e9ho do syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Projekt se v\u0161ak v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi se slab\u00fdm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm dohledem, neefektivn\u00ed komunikac\u00ed a neochotou uzbeck\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f aktivn\u011b zapojit a spolupracovat s\u00a0ob\u010dany. Pro autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee dosud neexistuje ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1 vodn\u00ed bilance pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro v\u00fdstavbu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, zda bude v chladic\u00edm jez\u00edrku v\u016fbec dostatek vody pro jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho existuje siln\u00fd vliv rusk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 lobby v zemi a regionu jako celku. Proto nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee oponenti v\u00fdstavby jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a lobbyist\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 argument, \u017ee Rusko prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Rosatomu \u010dasto stav\u00ed sv\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 c\u00edle nad bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika, i kdy\u017e pro takov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 faktografick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n

Proto v\u00fdstavba jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny v Uzbekist\u00e1nu m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit politiku a kroky dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9ho regionu v oblasti rozvoje jadern\u00e9 energetiky. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Rosatom je z\u00e1rove\u0148 vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako prioritn\u00ed a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk projekt\u016f v\u00fdstavby jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren ve sv\u011bt\u011b, nelze ignorovat v\u00a0regionu St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, t\u00edm v\u00edce v Kazachst\u00e1nu. Souhlasu net\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Jan Campbell<\/em><\/strong>
\n08.03.2024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii roste z\u00e1jem o jadernou energii. Z\u00e1jem m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":47088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,760,183],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49184\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}