{"id":49102,"date":"2024-03-11T04:49:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T03:49:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=49102"},"modified":"2024-03-11T04:49:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T03:49:41","slug":"leonid-savin-ktery-kabel-nato-prerusi-pokud-bude-chtit-odriznout-rusko-od-internetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/11\/leonid-savin-ktery-kabel-nato-prerusi-pokud-bude-chtit-odriznout-rusko-od-internetu\/","title":{"rendered":"Leonid Savin: Kter\u00fd kabel NATO p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed, pokud bude cht\u00edt od\u0159\u00edznout Rusko od internetu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed konfrontace mezi jemensk\u00fdmi H\u00fat\u00edi a z\u00e1padn\u00ed koalic\u00ed v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i otev\u0159ela nov\u00fd rozm\u011br konfliktu. V pond\u011bl\u00ed 4. b\u0159ezna byly na dn\u011b Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e \u00fadajn\u011b po\u0161kozeny t\u0159i kabely. Podle zpr\u00e1vy hongkongsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti HGC Global Communications se jednalo o kabely Asia-Africa-Europe 1 (AAE-1), Europe India Gateway a Seacom-TGN-Gulf.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
Zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee omezen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00edm se dotkla 25 % dopravy proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em. Spole\u010dnost ozna\u010dila trasu p\u0159es Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e za kl\u00ed\u010dovou pro p\u0159enos dat z Asie do Evropy a uvedla, \u017ee zah\u00e1jila p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Seacom zase uvedla: \u201ePrvn\u00ed testy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee posti\u017een\u00fd \u00fasek se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed jurisdikci Jemenu v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.\u201c P\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 hloubka v m\u00edst\u011b poruchy kabelu je 200 metr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Tata Communications, sou\u010d\u00e1st indick\u00e9ho konglomer\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 provozuje linku Seacom-TGN-Gulf, uvedla, \u017ee po p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed kabelu \u201ezah\u00e1jila okam\u017eit\u00e1 a vhodn\u00e1 n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed padlo na jemensk\u00e9 H\u00fat\u00edje, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed plavidla v pr\u016flivu Bab al-Mandeb, je\u017e podle nich pat\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. P\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9 je, \u017ee o tom informovala z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti dotkla ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. I kdy\u017e ani New York Times ned\u011blaly ukvapen\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry a\u00a0ozna\u010dily<\/a>\u00a0incident za \u201emystick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Existuje teorie, \u017ee kabely mohly b\u00fdt po\u0161kozeny v d\u016fsledku ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho potopen\u00ed britsk\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lodi Rubymar. Ta se 18. \u00fanora stala ter\u010dem \u00fatoku h\u00fathijsk\u00fdch sil a pos\u00e1dka ji opustila. Plavidlo z\u016fstalo po ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed un\u00e1\u0161eno v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i a t\u00e1hlo kotvu po mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b, kde mohlo doj\u00edt k p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce kabel\u016f. Dosud to nebylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrzeno. Spole\u010dnost NetBlocks v\u0161ak koncem \u00fanora zaznamenala v\u00fdpadky internetu ve v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00e9 zemi D\u017eibutsko.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Seacom zaznamenala, \u017ee se zastavil p\u0159enos dat na lince, kter\u00e1 vede z ke\u0148sk\u00e9 Mombasy po Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i do egyptsk\u00e9 Zafarany. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byly po\u0161kozeny dva kabely spojuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1pad s v\u00fdchodem.<\/p>\n

Ze strany samotn\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed Ansarall\u00e1h H\u00fat\u00edov\u00e9 nebylo vyd\u00e1no \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed. Nav\u00edc pop\u0159eli, \u017ee by v\u016fbec m\u011bli v \u00famyslu sabotovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed internetovou komunikaci. V ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b z \u00fater\u00fd 5. b\u0159ezna se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee h\u00fathijsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u201eusiluje o ochranu v\u0161ech podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch kabel\u016f a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch slu\u017eeb p\u0159ed jak\u00fdmikoliv mo\u017en\u00fdmi riziky\u201c a sl\u00edbila poskytnout finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na \u201eopravu a \u00fadr\u017ebu kabel\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

H\u00fat\u00edov\u00e9 ozna\u010dili za odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za \u0161kody Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a USA, jejich\u017e ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly proti nim vedou operaci.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k nedostatku d\u016fkaz\u016f nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v tuto chv\u00edli mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fvodn\u011b obvinit \u017e\u00e1dnou ze stran. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee k incidentu do\u0161lo v \u010d\u00e1sti kontrolovan\u00e9 Jemenem, v souladu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem nepotvrzuje zapojen\u00ed hnut\u00ed Ansarallah. V Jemenu p\u016fsob\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 opozi\u010dn\u00ed skupiny a v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u011b se dokonce nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u201epobo\u010dka\u201c teroristick\u00e9 organizace Al-K\u00e1ida.<\/p>\n

Kudy vedou kabely<\/h2>\n

Kabely ze sklen\u011bn\u00fdch optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e9 vedou po dn\u011b mo\u0159\u00ed a oce\u00e1n\u016f a spojuj\u00ed zem\u011b a regiony, vypadaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako zahradn\u00ed hadice. T\u011bmito kabely proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho provozu mezi Evropou a Asi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 americk\u00fdm ministerstvem vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v roce 2017\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee 97 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9 mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 komunikace se uskute\u010d\u0148uje pomoc\u00ed podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch optick\u00fdch kabel\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedou po dn\u011b sv\u011btov\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u00e1 studie poskytla n\u00e1zorn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou kabely na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Pot\u00e9, co se v roce 2013 t\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di pokusili \u00famysln\u011b p\u0159e\u0159\u00edznout podmo\u0159sk\u00fd kabel pobl\u00ed\u017e Alexandrie, klesla rychlost internetu v Egypt\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 60 %.<\/p>\n

Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 550 podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch kabel\u016f. Pokud v\u0161ak jde o p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nim v pr\u016fm\u011bru 100 a\u017e 150 ro\u010dn\u011b. To, co se stalo v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i, tedy nen\u00ed nic mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Jde jen o to, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia probl\u00e9m nafukuj\u00ed, p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed do n\u011bj politick\u00fd prvek a nazna\u010duj\u00ed vinu H\u00fat\u00ed\u016f. \u010casto se tak\u00e9 spekuluje, \u017ee n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho by mohlo ud\u011blat Rusko u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Francie a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed kabel\u016f lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost, a v\u016fbec ne vojensk\u00e1. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jde o lo\u010f t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed kotvu nebo ryb\u00e1\u0159skou vle\u010dnou s\u00ed\u0165. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy: podmo\u0159sk\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupce.<\/p>\n

Pokud se p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed jednotliv\u00fd kabel, je to kompenzov\u00e1no redundanc\u00ed, kterou provozovatel\u00e9 zabudovali do glob\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. I kdyby do\u0161lo k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech kabel\u016f v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i, internetov\u00fd provoz by mohl b\u00fdt p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n kolem mysu Dobr\u00e9 nad\u011bje na c\u00edpu Afriky nebo na v\u00fdchod p\u0159es Singapur, Japonsko a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty do Evropy. I kdy\u017e by to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ovlivnilo rychlost a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n

Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e je v\u0161ak obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. Ji\u017e v listopadu 2022 odborn\u00e1 publikace Wired\u00a0upozornila<\/a>, \u017ee Egypt je nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem v syst\u00e9mu podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch kabelov\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed. Novin\u00e1\u0159i tehdy analyzovali ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho kabelu AAE-1 (spojuje Hongkong s Marseille a poskytuje internetov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti zem\u00edm), kter\u00e9 vedlo k n\u011bkolikahodinov\u00e9mu odpojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed od internetu. Etiopie p\u0159i\u0161la o 90 % p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a Som\u00e1lsko o 85 %. Zmizel tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em cloudov\u00fdm server\u016fm spole\u010dnost\u00ed Google, Amazon a Microsoft.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee tehdy k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed do\u0161lo na pevnin\u011b, nikoli na mo\u0159i, a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nebyla nikdy zji\u0161t\u011bna.<\/p>\n

Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em\u00a0vede celkem 17 kabel\u016f<\/a>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dva z nich by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zprovozn\u011bny letos a dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zprovozn\u011bny a\u017e v roce 2025. V\u0161echny se spojuj\u00ed do pom\u011brn\u011b kompaktn\u00edho svazku v pr\u016flivu Bab-el-Mandeb p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu z Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e do Adensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n

A pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na celosv\u011btovou mapu podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch kabel\u016f, uvid\u00edte n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst s extr\u00e9mn\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed internetov\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ur\u010ditou zranitelnost. Jedn\u00e1 se o Hongkong v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Japonska, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje a Indon\u00e9sie a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie. V USA je takovou oblast\u00ed Nov\u00e1 Anglie na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Atlantiku a na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu uzly v Kalifornii.<\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch kabel\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b internetu, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu dat po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se p\u0159ipojuje k s\u00edt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nap\u00e1jej\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech\u00a0maj\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0spole\u010dnosti provozuj\u00edc\u00ed podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 kabely ant\u00e9ny a dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed satelitn\u00ed s\u00edti. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 obnovit komunikaci do 15 minut, pokud je pozemn\u00ed nebo podmo\u0159sk\u00e1 infrastruktura z jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu vy\u0159azena z provozu.<\/p>\n

Navzdory schopnosti rychl\u00e9ho obnoven\u00ed m\u011blo ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 naru\u0161en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, proto\u017ee ovlivnilo \u0159adu z\u00e1padn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a messengerov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n

Zranitelnost Ruska<\/h2>\n

Je na m\u00edst\u011b se pt\u00e1t: jak moc je Rusko napojeno na podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a existuj\u00ed zraniteln\u00e1 m\u00edsta jako v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i? Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch kabel\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed jurisdikci je v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a regiony m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed kabel Polar Express pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu \u00fazem\u00ed Ruska \u2013 od Teriberky v Murmansk\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159es v\u0161echna severn\u00ed a D\u00e1lnov\u00fdchodn\u00ed mo\u0159e a\u017e do Vladivostoku. Jeho d\u016fle\u017eitou funkc\u00ed je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et provoz do Amdermy, Diksonu, Tiksi (tyto \u00faseky budou zprovozn\u011bny v roce 2025), Peveku, Petropavlovsku-Kam\u010datsku, Anadyru, Nachodky a Ju\u017eno-Sachalinsku (v provozu do roku 2026). \u00dasek Teriberka \u2013 Amderma je st\u00e1le v provozu.<\/p>\n

Na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje komunikaci s Kam\u010datkou od roku 2016 D\u00e1ln\u011bv\u00fdchodn\u00ed podmo\u0159sk\u00fd kabelov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a kabel Petropavlovsk-Kam\u010datskij \u2013 Anadyr, uveden\u00fd do provozu v roce 2022.<\/p>\n

V \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i spojuje kabel z Ruska So\u010di s Gruzi\u00ed, odkud vede po mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b do Bulharska. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e je nyn\u00ed konfliktn\u00ed z\u00f3nou, mohlo by doj\u00edt k naru\u0161en\u00ed internetov\u00e9 komunikace. Kabel vede daleko od ukrajinsk\u00fdch hranic, a i kdyby ho Ukrajinci a jejich z\u00e1padn\u00ed komplicov\u00e9 cht\u011bli sabotovat, jako to ud\u011blali v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Nord Streamu, bude to Gruzie, nikoli Rusko, kdo bude trp\u011bt jako prvn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i spojuje rusk\u00fd kabel Kaliningrad a Kingisepp od roku 2021. Existuje tak\u00e9 kabel BCS North-F\u00e1ze 2, kter\u00fd spojuje rusk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Logi s finskou Kotkou p\u0159es Baltsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Arelion a pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159es n\u011bj jde hlavn\u00ed provoz z Ruska do Evropy p\u0159es Skandin\u00e1vii. To je pro Rusko pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto. A ve sv\u011btle vojensko-politick\u00e9 konfrontace s NATO je t\u0159eba m\u00edt toto na pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

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\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u041d\u0410\u0422\u041e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/a> vy\u0161el 8.3.2024 na regnum.ru. P\u0159eklad\u00a0Zvedavec.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed konfrontace mezi jemensk\u00fdmi H\u00fat\u00edi a z\u00e1padn\u00ed koalic\u00ed v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i otev\u0159ela nov\u00fd rozm\u011br konfliktu….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[647,6935,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}