{"id":48329,"date":"2024-03-02T00:34:35","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T23:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=48329"},"modified":"2024-03-01T16:13:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T15:13:31","slug":"nova-hra-washingtonu-v-afghanistanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/03\/02\/nova-hra-washingtonu-v-afghanistanu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eNov\u00e1\u201c hra Washingtonu v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po dvoulet\u00e9m oddechu se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se Washington \u201evrac\u00ed\u201c do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, aby p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sabotoval \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy.\u00a0Ve druh\u00e9m \u00fanorov\u00e9m t\u00fddnu \u010c\u00edna p\u0159ijala afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho velvyslance v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, co\u017e signalizovalo ochotu Pekingu uznat re\u017eim Talibanu* v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\u00a0Koncem roku 2023 se \u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9 stala prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jmenovala velvyslance v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\u00a0Tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na pozad\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu Talibanu* p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, aby proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 skupiny, tj. Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t \u2013 Khorasan (IS-K) a Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Turkest\u00e1nu (ETIM), ne\u00fato\u010dily na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n nebo mimo Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n.\u00a0\u010c\u00edna na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b navrhla sv\u00e9 vazby s Talibanem zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd respektuje jeho politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peking, na rozd\u00edl od Washingtonu a v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, nevyjad\u0159uje v\u00fdhrady ani nekritizuje ultraortodoxn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Talibanu, odp\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een\u00e1m a omezov\u00e1n\u00ed mobility \u017een.\u00a0Peking to pova\u017euje za vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost Talibanu.\u00a0Taliban* na opl\u00e1tku nikdy nevyj\u00e1d\u0159il \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b vztahu \u010c\u00edny k muslimsk\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m.\u00a0To umo\u017enilo tak\u00e9 rozkv\u011bt hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vazeb.\u00a0V roce 2023 nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed podepsalo n\u011bkolik obchodn\u00edch dohod s vl\u00e1dou Talibanu.\u00a0Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich byl 25 let dlouh\u00fd kontrakt na t\u011b\u017ebu ropy v hodnot\u011b mnoha milion\u016f dolar\u016f s odhadovanou investi\u010dn\u00ed hodnotou 150 milion\u016f USD v prvn\u00edm roce a a\u017e 540 milion\u016f USD v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159ech letech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale vazby, kter\u00e9 dozr\u00e1ly d\u00edky t\u00e9to bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci, rozru\u0161ily Washington \u2013 frustraci, kterou vyj\u00e1d\u0159il v ned\u00e1vno vydan\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>politick\u00e9m dokumentu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nazvan\u00e9m \u201eIntegrovan\u00e1 strategie zem\u011b: Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n\u201c.\u00a0Dokument obvi\u0148uje re\u017eim Talibanu \u2013 kter\u00fd se dostal k moci v d\u016fsledku dohody s Washingtonem \u2013 z utrpen\u00ed lid\u00ed.\u00a0D\u00e1le se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u201edrav\u00e9 mocnosti\u201c, jako je \u010c\u00edna (a Rusko), kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed znev\u00fdhodnit \u201eUSA\u201c.\u00a0Washington se proto sna\u017e\u00ed naru\u0161it \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy t\u00edm, \u017ee zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u201ebrutalitu\u201c re\u017eimu.\u00a0Na rozd\u00edl od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho d\u016frazu na uzn\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00e9 kultury re\u017eimu Talibanu, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed Washingtonu vid\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eudr\u017eiteln\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na zab\u00edjen\u00ed jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel, ale na smyslupln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu na \u017eivot\u011b Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington m\u00e1 proto z\u00e1jem na zru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledku sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed dohody s Talibanem*, tj. Paktu z Dauh\u00e1 2020, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipravil cestu pro politick\u00fd n\u00e1vrat Talibanu do K\u00e1bulu.\u00a0Proto hodl\u00e1 pos\u00edlit skupiny, kter\u00e9 by mohly v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu pokra\u010dovat v budov\u00e1n\u00ed protimluv proti re\u017eimu.\u00a0Washington si proto klade za c\u00edl \u201esou\u010dasn\u011b pumpovat do zem\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Taliban*, aby p\u0159ijal mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 normy a ne\u00fanavn\u011b se zasazovat o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0To je dodatek k ochot\u011b Washingtonu \u201epracovat s ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a obr\u00e1nci lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na opat\u0159en\u00edch pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry, aby se podpo\u0159ila smyslupln\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f v diskus\u00edch o budoucnosti Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem by se Washington mohl dokonce spol\u00e9hat na pomoc od afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch soused\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b star\u00e9ho spojence Talibanu*, tj. P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu.\u00a0Od doby, kdy Taliban p\u0159evzal moc v srpnu 2021, se vztahy K\u00e1bulu s Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1dem zhor\u0161ily.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee P\u00e1kist\u00e1n v roce 2023 zas\u00e1hlo v\u00edce sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm od roku 2014, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo obvinil re\u017eim Talibanu z toho, \u017ee nedok\u00e1zal zlikvidovat\u00a0<\/span>Tehrik-i-Taliban P\u00e1kist\u00e1n<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(TTP) a umo\u017enil mu vyu\u017e\u00edt afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed k p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edmu terorismu.\u00a0P\u00e1kist\u00e1n to ozna\u010duje za poru\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek, na kter\u00fdch se afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fd Taliban* dohodl v paktu z Dauh\u00e1.\u00a0Taliban* na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b pop\u0159el, \u017ee by je pakt zavazoval jednat proti TTP.\u00a0To vedlo P\u00e1kist\u00e1n k tomu, \u017ee se obr\u00e1til na USA, aby vytvo\u0159il spole\u010dnou pozici proti Talibanu*.\u00a0Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed civiln\u00ed a vojen\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu se ned\u00e1vno setkali s americk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstaviteli, v\u010detn\u011b ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Antonyho Blinkena, aby diskutovali o bezpe\u010dnosti a terorismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00fd dokument USA proto zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch politick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 bude Washington sledovat, je \u201edos\u00e1hnout Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd je v m\u00edru s\u00e1m se sebou a se sv\u00fdmi sousedy a nep\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebo jejich partnery\u201c.\u00a0Dokument d\u00e1le vysv\u011btluje: \u201eJe tedy v \u017eivotn\u00edm z\u00e1jmu USA tla\u010dit na afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u016fdce, v\u010detn\u011b Talibanu*, aby splnili protiteroristick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\u00a0Z\u00e1jem USA je d\u00e1le podporov\u00e1n prok\u00e1zan\u00fdm a trval\u00fdm z\u00e1vazkem \u201ep\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f\u201c Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu k pevn\u00e9mu z\u00e1kladu pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, v\u010detn\u011b fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed transparentnosti, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu extremismu, radikalizaci a hrozb\u00e1m pro Afgh\u00e1nce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington se zkr\u00e1tka chce ve jm\u00e9nu bezpe\u010dnosti znovu za\u010dlenit do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.\u00a0Ale skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem je zabr\u00e1nit takzvan\u00e9 \u201edrav\u00e9\u201c \u010c\u00edn\u011b v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b ovl\u00e1dat Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n.\u00a0Zda v\u0161ak USA tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hnou, nen\u00ed zdaleka jist\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00a0<\/span>Hlasu Ameriky<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sama o sob\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tuto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017enost.\u00a0Podle n\u00ed jedin\u00e1 v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017ee Taliban s \u010c\u00ednou (a Ruskem), je jejich spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem udr\u017eet \u2013 a postavit se \u2013 USA v regionu.\u00a0Pokud jsou v\u0161ichni tito akt\u00e9\u0159i sjednoceni v antiamerikanismu \u2013 co\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0161patn\u011b \u2013 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee Washington nem\u00e1 v t\u00e9to rovnici \u017e\u00e1dnou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u00e1ku, kterou by mohl vyu\u017e\u00edt k tomu, aby se znovu za\u010dlenil do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu v trvalej\u0161\u00edm smyslu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b, co m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat, je vyvinout mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed tlak na Taliban*, aby zas\u00e1hl proti terorismu, a Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1d se prozat\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipojit k Washingtonu v prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.\u00a0Nezapom\u00ednejme v\u0161ak, \u017ee samotn\u00fd Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1d je tak\u00e9 velmi \u00fazce spjat s \u010d\u00ednskou geopolitikou region\u00e1ln\u00ed konektivity \u2013 programem, kter\u00fd v politick\u00e9m smyslu spojuje P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n.\u00a0Pro Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1d a vzhledem k velmi \u00fazk\u00fdm vazb\u00e1m Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du s Pekingem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010c\u00edna v\u017edy alternativn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak vyvinout tlak na Taliba*n, aby zas\u00e1hl proti skupin\u00e1m jako TTP.\u00a0To je ji\u017e mnohem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u010c\u00edna t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 uznala re\u017eim Talibanu.\u00a0Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee Washington, i kdyby cht\u011bl, nebude m\u00edt v regionu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho partnera, kter\u00fd by byl ochoten postavit se v\u00fdhradn\u011b na jeho stranu v\u016f\u010di Talibanu* a proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

*- je v Rusku zak\u00e1z\u00e1no<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Salman Rafi Sheikh, <\/span><\/strong>v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd analytik mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f a p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch a dom\u00e1c\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, exkluzivn\u011b pro online magaz\u00edn \u201e <\/em>New Eastern Outlook<\/em><\/a>\u00a0\u201c<\/p>\n

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Po dvoulet\u00e9m oddechu se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se Washington \u201evrac\u00ed\u201c do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, aby p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sabotoval \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":48330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[118,227,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48329"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48329\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}