{"id":48147,"date":"2024-02-28T06:33:20","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T05:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=48147"},"modified":"2024-02-28T06:33:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T05:33:55","slug":"exkluzivne-jak-vypada-ukrajinska-nedobytna-pevnost-avdejevka-zevnitr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/02\/28\/exkluzivne-jak-vypada-ukrajinska-nedobytna-pevnost-avdejevka-zevnitr\/","title":{"rendered":"Exkluzivn\u011b: Jak vypad\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e1 &#8222;nedobytn\u00e1&#8220; pevnost Avd\u011bjevka zevnit\u0159"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"article__head--tabs g-left\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p><strong>Jednotky ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil dislokovan\u00e9 deset let v Avd\u011bjevce byly Don\u011bcku no\u017eem na krku. Nejde jen o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed. S p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke vzd\u00e1lenosti (asi 11-14 km) by ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fatoku mohla b\u00fdt v centru milionov\u00e9ho m\u011bsta za 20-30 minut. Pro\u010d rusk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly nemohly dob\u00edt Avd\u011bjevku dva roky? Abyste to pochopili, mus\u00edte se pod\u00edvat do podzem\u00ed: od roku 2014 ukrajinsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly v tomto m\u011bst\u011b vykopaly dal\u0161\u00ed, tajn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, ur\u010den\u00e9 k dlouhodob\u00e9mu pobytu v podzem\u00ed pro 70tis\u00edcovou skupinu. Kryty pokryt\u00e9 mnohametrov\u00fdmi vrstvami betonu dok\u00e1zaly odolat jadern\u00e9mu v\u00fdbuchu. Siln\u00e9 byly zejm\u00e9na bunkry koksovny, kde byly za SSSR vybudov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9 protileteck\u00e9 kryty. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fdch 250 leteck\u00fdch bomb denn\u011b, o kter\u00fdch ministr obrany Sergej \u0160ojgu hl\u00e1sil prezidentovi, by nep\u0159inutilo nep\u0159\u00edtele v podzemn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b vzd\u00e1t se: ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci zv\u00edt\u011bzili d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odvaze a hrdinstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1zali v Avd\u011bjevce.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Pod betonov\u00fdmi podlahami o tlou\u0161\u0165ce a\u017e sedm metr\u016f se skr\u00fdvalo skute\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, ur\u010den\u00e9 pro 70tis\u00edcovou skupinu ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article__content g-left\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p class=\"article__text\"><em><br \/>\n<span class=\"article__image-wrapper text_center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" id=\"featured-image\" class=\"article__image aligncenter\" title=\"Pro\u010d 250 FAB denn\u011b trvalo tak dlouho, ne\u017e zni\u010dilo n\u016f\u017e p\u0159ira\u017een\u00fd na hrdlo Don\u011bcku: jak vypad\u00e1 pevnost Avdiivka zevnit\u0159\" src=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000-1005x605.jpg\" alt=\"Pro\u010d 250 FAB denn\u011b trvalo tak dlouho, ne\u017e zni\u010dilo n\u016f\u017e p\u0159ira\u017een\u00fd na hrdlo Don\u011bcku: jak vypad\u00e1 pevnost Avdiivka zevnit\u0159\" width=\"1071\" height=\"645\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Vojen\u0161t\u00ed analytici a historici rusk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v Avd\u011bjevce je\u0161t\u011b pln\u011b nezhodnotili. Jak podrobn\u011b vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o kilometrech podzemn\u00edho m\u011bsta vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho pod vrstvou ochrann\u00fdch struktur v tomto m\u011bst\u011b. O tom, co se rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b poda\u0159ilo strhnout \u00fatokem, m\u00e1me zat\u00edm jen prvn\u00ed, nejpovrchn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje. A to u\u017e je p\u016fsobiv\u00e9! Zde je videorecenze pouze jednoho z bunkr\u016f ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, zachycen\u00e9ho 1. slovanskou brig\u00e1dou v Avd\u011bjevce.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"article__image-wrapper text_center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/video_ext.php?oid=-77500233&amp;id=456257024&amp;hash=dd6b0859e703e8c6\" width=\"100%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Avd\u011bjevky je n\u011bkolik velk\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren &#8211; \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, kovov\u00e9 konstrukce, Stroydetal, keramika. Ale jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je koksovna, jej\u00ed\u017e plocha je 320-350 hektar\u016f. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed fungovalo v Koksokhimu \u0161est velk\u00fdch evakua\u010dn\u00edch kryt\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich byl vybaven v souladu se v\u0161emi standardy civiln\u00ed obrany sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry: byly instalov\u00e1ny elektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory, byl instalov\u00e1n ventila\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m s filtry, byly poskytnuty z\u00e1soby paliva a vody. Vzhledem k po\u010dtu person\u00e1lu z\u00e1vodu byla celkov\u00e1 kapacita t\u011bchto protileteck\u00fdch kryt\u016f asi 2,5 tis\u00edce lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1252618 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/06-646x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"853\" height=\"1057\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><em>Sch\u00e9ma uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bunkru pod Koksovnou a chemick\u00fdm z\u00e1vodem.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">P\u0159ed deseti lety, po dobyt\u00ed Avd\u011bjevky, zah\u00e1jili ukronacist\u00e9\u00a0 s pomoc\u00ed \u017eenijn\u00edch jednotek Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny aktivn\u00ed podzemn\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu. Na n\u00e1vrhu obrann\u00e9ho komplexu se pod\u00edlel cel\u00fd vojensk\u00fd \u00fastav. Nejprve roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili po\u010det \u00fakryt\u016f v Koksokhimu a ty star\u00e9 pos\u00edlili kovov\u00fdmi konstrukcemi. Pot\u00e9 zorganizovali v\u00fdstavbu v\u00fdchodn\u00edch obrann\u00fdch lini\u00ed, logicky v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee odtud mohou b\u00fdt napadeni, pak na severu a jihu m\u011bsta. Ve t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi za\u010daly ukrajinsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly spojovat v\u0161echny tyto ochrann\u00e9 struktury pod zem\u00ed a prom\u011bnily je v plnohodnotn\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hloubka t\u011bchto staveb byla asi 20 metr\u016f. (V\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce na Koksokhim).<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Byla tam voda, elekt\u0159ina, kanalizace. Sklady zbran\u00ed, st\u0159eliva, l\u00e9k\u016f, proviantu. A to v\u0161e stoj\u00ed na sedmdes\u00e1titis\u00edcov\u00e9 skupin\u011b. Rusov\u00e9 m\u011bli \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee Ukrajinci byli najednou nuceni p\u0159esunout z\u00e1lohy z bl\u00edzkosti Avd\u011bjevky do stejn\u00e9ho Artemovska a na ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd \u201eprotivstup\u201c v roce 2023: v dob\u011b \u00fatoku tam tedy bylo asi 30 tis\u00edc ukrajinsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Jejich vybaven\u00ed a \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed jim v\u0161ak umo\u017enily z\u016fstat ve m\u011bst\u011b roky, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt jak\u00e9koli leteck\u00e9 \u00fatoky a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce a l\u00e9pe \u00fatoky d\u011blost\u0159electva.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Tlou\u0161\u0165ka podlah v t\u011bchto opevn\u011bn\u00edch dosahuje sedmi metr\u016f. Plus byly vykop\u00e1ny, tak\u00e9 vybetonov\u00e1ny nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podzemn\u00ed chodby, kter\u00fdmi se Ukrajinci mohli pohybovat a objevovat tam, kde je nikdo ne\u010dekal. Vyvinut\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed infrastruktura dala ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b mo\u017enost man\u00e9vrovat a p\u0159itom se vyh\u00fdbat pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdmi oper\u00e1tory dron\u016f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1252599 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20230905-zaa-p138-022.jpeg\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><em>Nep\u0159\u00edtel soust\u0159edil v Avd\u011bjevce asi 30 tis\u00edc vojensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Opevn\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil byly klasick\u00e9 \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed s kruhov\u00fdm obrann\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad opevn\u011bn\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem \u201eZenith\u201c (b\u00fdval\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany) bylo postaveno v podob\u011b pravideln\u00e9ho obd\u00e9ln\u00edku a na jeho stavbu po roce 2016 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly Ukrajiny p\u0159ivezly celou \u017eelezobetonovnu (dal\u0161\u00ed stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1vod byl v samotn\u00e9 Avdiivce).<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Ve skute\u010dnosti pouze bezprecedentn\u00ed odvaha, hrdinstv\u00ed a vynal\u00e9zavost rusk\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f umo\u017enila ud\u011blat pro Kyjev nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bloknot-lugansk.ru\/news\/vperedi-eshche-ochen-slozhnye-uchastki-voennyy-eks-1702270\" rel=\"ss\">osvobodit Avd\u011bjevku<\/a> . Zlomov\u00fdm bodem byl pr\u016fchod 3,5 km podzemn\u00edm, zatopen\u00fdm potrub\u00edm za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi liniemi 150 rusk\u00fdmi \u010dleny speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky, co\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt pro ukrajinsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly naprost\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm: ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, <a href=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/v-mire\/proshli-v-ty-l-vsu-po-zatoplennoj-trube-detali-legendarnogo-shturma-ukreprajona-v-avdeevke-1235163.html\" rel=\"ss\">zas\u00e1hli nacisty jejich vlastn\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi<\/a>\u00a0!\u00a0D\u00edky tomu se rusk\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo doslova p\u0159es noc obsadit Zenit a \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch opevn\u011bn\u00fdch bod\u016f v Avd\u011bjevce.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1252601 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/03.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><em>M\u00edsto, kde na\u0161i voj\u00e1ci \u0161li za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 linie potrub\u00edm.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article__text\">M\u011bli bychom tak\u00e9 zaznamenat \u00fasp\u011bch VKS!\u00a0V r\u00e1mci operace byl identifikov\u00e1n specifick\u00fd typ zbran\u011b, kter\u00e1 se stala hlavn\u00ed \u00fadernou silou postupuj\u00edc\u00edch rusk\u00fdch jednotek a formac\u00ed \u2013 vysoce v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 pumy (FAB) s modulem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a korekce (UMPC).\u00a0\u00datok na Avd\u011bjevku byl prvn\u00ed tak velkou vojenskou operac\u00ed s p\u0159ednostn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm tohoto typu zbran\u011b.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">P\u0159ednostn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed leteck\u00fdch pum je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u00e1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee pouze zbran\u011b takov\u00e9 ni\u010div\u00e9 s\u00edly mohou rozb\u00edt jak mnohametrov\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, tak mor\u00e1lku obr\u00e1nc\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 bomba na\u0161la konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed c\u00edl s d\u0159\u00edve prozkouman\u00fdmi sou\u0159adnicemi. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zasa\u017een\u00e9 c\u00edle pat\u0159ily nejm\u00e9n\u011b dva velk\u00e9 bunkry s muni\u010dn\u00edmi sklady z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi ukronacisty \u2013 pod koksovnou \u010d. 2 a mezi obchody \u010d. 3 a 4.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Dnes byla Avd\u011bjevka zcela zbavena ukrajinsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu. Uvedl to \u0161\u00e9f DLR Denis Pu\u0161ilin. Osvobozen\u00ed m\u011bsta sebou nese \u0159adu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f. P\u0159edn\u011b se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a intenzita teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f d\u011blost\u0159electva ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil na Don\u011bck. Bude mo\u017en\u00e9 obnovit norm\u00e1ln\u00ed logistiku pro celou don\u011bckou m\u011bstskou aglomeraci. Velk\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 skupina rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy bude propu\u0161t\u011bna.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1252604 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/04-1-1005x605.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"978\" height=\"589\" \/><figcaption><em>Prvn\u00ed americk\u00fd Abrams byl zni\u010den b\u011bhem ofenzivy vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se z osvobozen\u00e9 Avd\u011bjevky.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article__text\">Ztr\u00e1ta Avd\u011bjevky m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd psychologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam: v Kyjev\u011b pova\u017eovali pevnostn\u00ed m\u011bsto za nedobytn\u00e9. Osvobozen\u00edm Avd\u011bjevky nav\u00edc rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da tak\u00e9 z\u00edskala p\u0159\u00edstup do opera\u010dn\u00edho prostoru. 27. \u00fanora Ukrajinci p\u0159iznal ztr\u00e1tu Stepovoje (Petrovsk\u00e9ho): celkov\u00fd postup rusk\u00fdch jednotek v t\u00e9to oblasti byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 km na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a do hloubky 1,3 km. Nyn\u00ed se rusk\u00e9 jednotky s podporou d\u011blost\u0159electva a letectva <a href=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/v-mire\/front-posy-palsya-armiya-rossii-vorvalas-v-berdy-chi-v-dnr-u-vsu-ostalis-dve-linii-oborony-1252521.html\" rel=\"ss\">p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily k vesnici Berdychi a zah\u00e1jily \u00fatok<\/a> . Jde o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd bod v obrann\u00e9 linii ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil z\u00e1padn\u011b od Avd\u011bjevky. Nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed rusk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly mo\u017enost zas\u00e1hnout nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 pozice v Berdy\u010di ze dvou sm\u011br\u016f najednou \u2013 ze severn\u00edho a v\u00fdchodn\u00edho, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabr\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b nejen p\u0159eskupen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 rotaci se zaveden\u00edm z\u00e1loh do bitvy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__text\">P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b u Berdychi byl zni\u010den\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bloknot.ru\/v-mire\/pervy-j-poshel-amerikanskij-tank-abrams-unichtozhili-v-zone-svo-1251994.html\" rel=\"ss\">prvn\u00ed americk\u00fd tank Abrams<\/a>\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tags__author\"><strong><span class=\"author vcard\">Alexandr Pylev<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-47634 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Pozvanka_Praha-_23.3.24-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Pozvanka_Praha-_23.3.24-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Pozvanka_Praha-_23.3.24.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jednotky ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil dislokovan\u00e9 deset let v Avd\u011bjevce byly Don\u011bcku no\u017eem na krku. Nejde&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":48148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[6854,6870,3080,26,889],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}