{"id":48081,"date":"2024-02-28T00:35:20","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T23:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=48081"},"modified":"2024-02-27T15:56:12","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T14:56:12","slug":"cina-je-jedinou-vyrobni-velmoci-ktera-predstavuje-35-celosvetove-produkce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/02\/28\/cina-je-jedinou-vyrobni-velmoci-ktera-predstavuje-35-celosvetove-produkce\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna je jedinou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed velmoc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje 35 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><span>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd st\u00e1tem veden\u00fd model hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje prom\u011bnil zemi v to, co think tank EU naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201ejedinou sv\u011btovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed supervelmoc\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje 35 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 produkce.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 st\u00e1tem veden\u00fd model rozvoje, ve kter\u00e9m st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky kontroluj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 monopoly ekonomiky a \u201evel\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161iny\u201c, st\u00e1tn\u00ed banky poskytuj\u00ed levn\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry strategick\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm a siln\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 politika st\u00e1tu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zemi posunout se v hodnotov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci nahoru. k hodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1m v\u00fdroby dos\u00e1hly celosv\u011btov\u011b historick\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u010c\u00edna je nyn\u00ed \u201ejedinou sv\u011btovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed velmoc\u00ed\u201c.  Jak se to tak rychle vyvinulo?\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WnDWr2YLBgI?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span>Tento model, kter\u00fd Peking ofici\u00e1ln\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 socialistickou tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomikou, byl tak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, \u017ee p\u0159edn\u00ed evropsk\u00fd think-tank p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee \u201e\u010c\u00edna je nyn\u00ed jedinou sv\u011btovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed velmoc\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 2020 \u010c\u00edna p\u0159edstavovala ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 35 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho hrub\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.\u00a0To je v\u00edce ne\u017e produkce Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (12 %), Japonska (6 %), N\u011bmecka (4 %), Indie (3 %), Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje (3 %), It\u00e1lie (2 %), Francie (2 %) ) a Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed dohromady.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b1fb2de-a586-41ab-afcb-ba023f530478_1492x849.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to ze studie Richarda Baldwina, profesora mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomie na IMD Business School ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m Lausanne a \u0161\u00e9fredaktora VoxEU, publikace Centra pro v\u00fdzkum hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky (CEPR) se s\u00eddlem v Evrop\u011b (ne zam\u011b\u0148ovat s Centrem pro ekonomick\u00fd a politick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum se s\u00eddlem ve Washingtonu, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stejnou zkratku).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>CEPR je velmi vlivn\u00fd v kruz\u00edch evropsk\u00e9 politiky a je financov\u00e1n francouzskou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou a ministerstvem financ\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako Evropskou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou, Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011bnov\u00fdm fondem a mnoha soukrom\u00fdmi bankami v Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Think tank p\u0159edstavuje hlavn\u00ed politick\u00fd proud v EU a v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed \u201epro\u010d\u00ednskou\u201c instituc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V lednov\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m dokumentu VoxEU s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u010c\u00edna je jedinou sv\u011btovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed supervelmoc\u00ed,\u201c napsal Baldwin (zd\u016frazn\u011bno):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>USA jsou jedinou sv\u011btovou vojenskou supervelmoc\u00ed.\u00a0Utr\u00e1cej\u00ed za arm\u00e1du v\u00edce ne\u017e deset dal\u0161\u00edch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed dohromady.\u00a0\u010c\u00edna je nyn\u00ed jedinou sv\u011btovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed supervelmoc\u00ed.\u00a0Jeho produkce p\u0159evy\u0161uje produkci dal\u0161\u00edch dev\u00edti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f dohromady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Baldwin vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee i kdy\u017e je v\u00fdroba m\u011b\u0159ena z hlediska p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty (tj. hrub\u00fd v\u00fdstup minus n\u00e1klady na meziprodukty zakoupen\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b t\u011bchto produkt\u016f), \u010c\u00edna p\u0159edstavuje 29 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pouh\u00fdmi 16 % ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. , 7 % pro Japonsko, 5 % pro N\u011bmecko, 3 % pro Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreu, 3 % pro Indii, 2 % pro It\u00e1lii, 2 % pro Francii a 2 % pro Velkou Brit\u00e1nii.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88a1066-744d-45a8-9e22-0b130828aab7_1492x841.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span>Baldwin napsal (zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1no):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 industrializace je bezprecedentn\u00ed.\u00a0Naposledy byl \u201ekr\u00e1l pr\u016fmyslu\u201c sesazen z tr\u016fnu, kdy\u017e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159edstihly Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou.\u00a0Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm trvalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e se dostaly na vrchol;\u00a0p\u0159echod mezi \u010c\u00ednou a USA trval asi 15 nebo 20 let.\u00a0Industrializaci \u010c\u00edny tedy nelze srovn\u00e1vat.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Dodal, \u017ee tento \u201epozoruhodn\u00fd fakt n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit sou\u010dasn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rychl\u00e1 industrializace \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1tem veden\u00e9ho modelu rozvoje se shodovala s relativn\u00ed deindustrializac\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm neoliber\u00e1ln\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho modelu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na privatizaci, liberalizaci, deregulaci, financializaci a neproduktivn\u00edch spekulac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ve snaze zastavit vzestup \u010c\u00edny americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da uvalila mnoho kol jednostrann\u00fdch sankc\u00ed a vedla to, co lid\u00e9 z Washingtonu naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201etechnologickou v\u00e1lkou\u201c proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b zaveden\u00edm exportn\u00edch omezen\u00ed v nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sektorech, jako je 5G, polovodi\u010de, kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a um\u011bl\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e1 inteligence ulo\u017eena.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy se zav\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se \u201eodd\u011bl\u00ed\u201c od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky a \u201ezni\u010d\u00ed\u201c strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Baldwin v\u0161ak ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m dokumentu CEPR zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee USA jsou mnohem v\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na n\u00e1kupu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vyroben\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, ne\u017e je \u010c\u00edna z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na americk\u00e9m trhu p\u0159i prodeji sv\u00e9ho exportu.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5cd3117d-f02e-40d9-892b-36fc04763537_1492x841.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Autor: BEN NORTON<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopoliticaleconomy.substack.com\/p\/china-world-manufacturing-superpower?utm_source=post-email-title&amp;publication_id=457596&amp;post_id=141229367&amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;isFreemail=true&amp;r=flp3u&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd st\u00e1tem veden\u00fd model hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje prom\u011bnil zemi v to, co think tank EU naz\u00fdv\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,59,276,1867],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48081"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48082,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48081\/revisions\/48082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}