{"id":46945,"date":"2024-02-14T00:41:05","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T23:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=46945"},"modified":"2024-02-13T17:27:13","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T16:27:13","slug":"filipiny-usiluji-o-rychle-a-masivni-budovani-armady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/02\/14\/filipiny-usiluji-o-rychle-a-masivni-budovani-armady\/","title":{"rendered":"Filip\u00edny usiluj\u00ed o rychl\u00e9 a masivn\u00ed budov\u00e1n\u00ed arm\u00e1dy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed politici po\u017eaduj\u00ed obrann\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 36 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00fd by zahrnoval n\u011bkolik ponorek a dal\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed vybaven\u00ed proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

MANILA – „Nejsme spokojeni s minimem [odstra\u0161ovac\u00ed schopnosti]… pohyb je \u017eivot, st\u00e1t na m\u00edst\u011b je smrt,“ \u0159ekl ned\u00e1vno plukovn\u00edk Micheal Logico, \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd strat\u00e9g v ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch Filip\u00edn (AFP). report\u00e9r na ot\u00e1zku o vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se situaci Obrann\u00e1 strategie zem\u011b byla dot\u00e1z\u00e1na.\u00a0„Mus\u00edme se vyvinout v ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly sv\u011btov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy,“ dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 konfrontaci s mocnou \u010c\u00ednou proch\u00e1zej\u00ed Filip\u00edny unik\u00e1tn\u00edm budov\u00e1n\u00edm obrany, kter\u00e9, pokud v\u0161e p\u016fjde podle pl\u00e1nu, by z nich mohlo ud\u011blat impozantn\u00ed vojenskou \u201est\u0159edn\u00ed mocnost\u201c.\u00a0V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce ozn\u00e1mili vysoc\u00ed filip\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 obrany sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed pokro\u010dit v po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u011bkolika ponorek v r\u00e1mci masivn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku v\u00fddaj\u016f na obranu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 36 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Nepot\u0159ebujeme jen jednu ponorku, ale dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i,“ \u0159ekl ned\u00e1vno m\u00e9di\u00edm komodor Roy Vincent Trinidad, mluv\u010d\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed Filip\u00edny.\u00a0O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee Filip\u00edny z\u00edskaj\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 letouny, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b a raketov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v r\u00e1mci Horizontu t\u0159i, t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze 15 let star\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu modernizace obrany, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v roce 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc je tak\u00e9 napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no, \u017ee Filip\u00edny obdr\u017e\u00ed indick\u00fd nadzvukov\u00fd raketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Brahmos, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce budouc\u00edch, je\u0161t\u011b sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akvizic.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eJe to opravdov\u00e1 zm\u011bna hry, proto\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed Filip\u00edny do nadzvukov\u00e9ho v\u011bku.\u00a0Poprv\u00e9 v na\u0161\u00ed historii budou m\u00edt Filip\u00edny t\u0159i baterie nadzvukov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el schopn\u00fdch dos\u00e1hnout rychlosti (2,8 Mach) nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 trojn\u00e1sobku rychlosti zvuku,\u201c uvedl mluv\u010d\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rady Jonathan Malaya.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1t jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie chce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 konven\u010dn\u00ed a asymetrick\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 kapacity, aby se p\u0159ipravil na \u010detn\u00e9 nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v regionu v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b bou\u0159liv\u00e9ho sporu v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i a nedalek\u00e9m Tchaj-wanu, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd pouze ze severn\u00edch Filip\u00ednsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f. p\u0159es \u00fazk\u00fd kan\u00e1l Bashi jsou provincie odd\u011bleny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k nejrychleji rostouc\u00ed ekonomice jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie maj\u00ed Filip\u00edny kone\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce finan\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na investice do sv\u00fdch dlouho zanedb\u00e1van\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 jim p\u0159ed p\u016flstolet\u00edm z\u00e1vid\u011bl region s nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi americk\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a st\u00edha\u010dkami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed Filip\u00edny zastra\u0161ovaly sv\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed sousedy a jednostrann\u011b stav\u011bly vojensk\u00e9 objekty na souostrov\u00ed Spratly.<\/span><\/p>\n

V jednu chv\u00edli se administrativa Richarda Nixona ob\u00e1vala, \u017ee by ji smlouva o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 obran\u011b s vysoce postaven\u00fdm spojencem vt\u00e1hla do konfliktu s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokovaly n\u00e1rok, a proto Washington prosazoval dlouhodobou politiku strategick\u00e9 nejednozna\u010dnosti ohledn\u011b spor\u016f o Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na vrcholu sv\u00e9 arogance Filip\u00edny dokonce uva\u017eovaly o invazi do Malajsie, aby znovu ovl\u00e1dly Sabah, ostrov bohat\u00fd na ropu, kter\u00fd byl kdysi sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sultan\u00e1tu Sulu, nyn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky.\u00a0Chronick\u00e1 korupce, politick\u00e1 nestabilita a desetilet\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed na neklidn\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Mindanao v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00edce oslabovaly vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti Filip\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 vozidlo (AAV) b\u011bhem p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edho cvi\u010den\u00ed v Subic Freeport ve m\u011bst\u011b Subic, severn\u011b od Manily, 21. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019. Obr\u00e1zek: Asia Times Files \/ AFP \/ Ted Aljibe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Na konci 20. stolet\u00ed m\u011bl n\u00e1rod jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch souostrov\u00ed, jedno z nejmen\u0161\u00edch a nejstar\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch sil v regionu.\u00a0Filip\u00ednsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 po desetilet\u00ed bojovala proti muslimsk\u00fdm a komunistick\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm, pohltila velkou \u010d\u00e1st zdroj\u016f AFP.\u00a0Po cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta nem\u011bly Filip\u00edny ani jednu nadzvukovou st\u00edha\u010dku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed slou\u017eily Filip\u00edny jako \u201edruh\u00e1 fronta\u201c v \u201eGlob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lce proti terorismu\u201c administrativy George W. Bushe, co\u017e d\u00e1le prohlubovalo mezery ve vojensk\u00fdch schopnostech Filip\u00edn.\u00a0Ale za prezidenta Benigna Aquina III. (2010\u20132016) se karta za\u010dala obracet.\u00a0Implementoval revidovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon o modernizaci AFP, kter\u00fd se sna\u017eil rychle modernizovat filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo a letectvo.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let z\u00edskaly Filip\u00edny modern\u00ed st\u00edhac\u00ed letouny z Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje jako sou\u010d\u00e1st bal\u00ed\u010dku 415,7 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.\u00a0Filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo (PN) mezit\u00edm z\u00edskalo st\u00e1le modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b, zejm\u00e9na BRP Gregorio Del Pilar (PF15) a BRP Ramon Alcaraz (PF16), \u0159eza\u010dky t\u0159\u00eddy Hamilton a Hero v hodnot\u011b a\u017e 400 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fddaje na obranu vzrostly mezi lety 2004 a 2013 o 36 % a v roce 2015 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 30 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby Washington urychlil modernizaci obrany sv\u00e9ho spojence, nav\u00fd\u0161il v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed pro Filip\u00edny.\u00a0Jin\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed partne\u0159i, jako je Japonsko, poskytli filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ei v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 hl\u00eddkov\u00e1 plavidla, zat\u00edmco Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea darovala korvetu t\u0159\u00eddy Pohang PN.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e minim\u00e1ln\u00ed odstra\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Filip\u00edny p\u016fvodn\u011b doufaly, \u017ee dos\u00e1hnou pouze \u201eminim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 obrany\u201c proti soupe\u0159\u016fm, jako je \u010c\u00edna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory mnoha p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm se v\u0161ak vojensk\u00e1 moderniza\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148 tohoto n\u00e1roda jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie nyn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159uje na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch sil 21. stolet\u00ed, aby se staly plnohodnotnou \u201est\u0159edn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd rok Filip\u00edny p\u0159edb\u011bhly Vietnam a staly se nejrychleji rostouc\u00ed ekonomikou jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, co\u017e je trend, kter\u00fd podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch bude pokra\u010dovat i v budoucnu.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu jsou Filip\u00edny na cest\u011b st\u00e1t se jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ekonomik regionu, co\u017e zase vytvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ekonomick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f pro rozvoj obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

V souladu s t\u00edm Filip\u00edny prosadily revidovan\u00fd 10let\u00fd pl\u00e1n modernizace v hodnot\u011b 2 bilion\u016f pesos (35,62 miliardy dolar\u016f) na financov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kupu pokro\u010dil\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b ponorek.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZa\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me s takzvan\u00fdm programem zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a modernizace schopnost\u00ed \u201aReHorizoned 3\u2018, pro kter\u00fd prezident ned\u00e1vno schv\u00e1lil soubor schopnost\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl ministr obrany Gilberto Teodoro Jr.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gilberto Teodoro Jr. vid\u00ed nov\u00e9 obzory pro filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na obranu.\u00a0Obr\u00e1zek: X Screengrab<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\u201eOzbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m bude nejprve umo\u017en\u011bno umo\u017enit filip\u00ednsk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem a osob\u00e1m opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm filip\u00ednskou agenturou pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed neomezen\u00fd a m\u00edrov\u00fd pr\u016fzkum a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech, nad nimi\u017e m\u00e1me jurisdikci. “ p\u0159idal.<\/span><\/p>\n

S t\u00edmto sign\u00e1lem se n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed uch\u00e1z\u00ed o zak\u00e1zky na obranu v hodnot\u011b miliard s Filip\u00ednami.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Francouzi, kte\u0159\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e usiluj\u00ed o dohodu ve stylu hostuj\u00edc\u00edch sil s Manilou, jsou nap\u0159ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed skupina nab\u00edz\u00ed dv\u011b dieselelektrick\u00e9 ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Scorpene podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm ze sousedn\u00ed Malajsie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve h\u0159e je tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnost Navantia, napojen\u00e1 na \u0161pan\u011blskou vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 nab\u00eddla dv\u011b ponorky t\u0159\u00eddy Isaac Peral S80 v odhadovan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b 1,7 miliardy dolar\u016f.\u00a0\u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nab\u00eddli, \u017ee pro lod\u011b postav\u00ed ponorkovou z\u00e1kladnu a dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebnou logistiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

O zak\u00e1zku na ponorku usiluje tak\u00e9 Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, kter\u00e1 je ji\u017e hlavn\u00edm dodavatelem zbran\u00ed do Manily.\u00a0Hanwha Ocean (d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako DSME) nab\u00edz\u00ed sv\u00e9 ponorky Jang Bogo III, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el, pokro\u010dil\u00fdm pohonem a technologi\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed, d\u00edky nim\u017e jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea ji\u017e dodala Filip\u00edn\u00e1m sv\u00e9 nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b a st\u00edha\u010dky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stala d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm partnerem v konkuren\u010dn\u00edch velk\u00fdch zak\u00e1zk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eFilip\u00ednsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejslab\u0161\u00ed v na\u0161em regionu.\u00a0S akvizic\u00ed ponorek u\u017e nebudeme pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za nejslab\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl mluv\u010d\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rady Jonathan Malaya mixem angli\u010dtiny a filip\u00edn\u0161tiny, kdy\u017e byl dot\u00e1z\u00e1n na strategick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 se staly z pl\u00e1n\u016f akvizice ponorek.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Nyn\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1me st\u0159edn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed, pokud jde o na\u0161e ozbrojen\u00e9 schopnosti, a to je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed faktor, proto\u017ee to pos\u00edl\u00ed na\u0161i obrannou pozici,“ dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Richard Javad Heydarian<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed politici po\u017eaduj\u00ed obrann\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 36 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00fd by zahrnoval n\u011bkolik ponorek…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":46946,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[80,3986,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46945"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}