{"id":46224,"date":"2024-02-04T00:32:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-03T23:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=46224"},"modified":"2024-02-03T15:57:52","modified_gmt":"2024-02-03T14:57:52","slug":"eu-chce-cenzurovat-dezinformace-a-nenavistne-projevy-pod-rouskou-prosazovani-lidskych-prav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/02\/04\/eu-chce-cenzurovat-dezinformace-a-nenavistne-projevy-pod-rouskou-prosazovani-lidskych-prav\/","title":{"rendered":"EU chce cenzurovat \u201edezinformace\u201c a \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c pod rou\u0161kou prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b programu pro rok 2024<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) aktivn\u011b prosazuje politiku regulace takzvan\u00fdch nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f a dezinformac\u00ed online, aby vytvo\u0159ila bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\u00a0To vy\u017eaduje komplexn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pr\u00e1vn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f na vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni i na \u00farovni EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem v tomto sm\u011bru bylo, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 komise v prosinci 2021 p\u0159ijala sd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 navrhuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it seznam \u201ezlo\u010din\u016f EU\u201c podle \u010dl. 83 odst. 1 Smlouvy o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (SFEU) o zlo\u010diny z nen\u00e1visti a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy.\u00a0Pokud Rada tento n\u00e1vrh p\u0159ijme, mohlo by to EU p\u0159ipravit cestu ke kriminalizaci dal\u0161\u00edch forem projev\u016f nen\u00e1visti a trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f z nen\u00e1visti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed rasistick\u00e9 nebo xenofobn\u00ed motivy.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup Evropsk\u00e9 komise zahrnuje \u0159adu opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je podpora vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v boji proti projev\u016fm nen\u00e1visti a trestn\u00fdm \u010din\u016fm z nen\u00e1visti, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na podporu ob\u011bt\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed pro org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u00a0Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v roce 2016 zah\u00e1jila Komise dobrovoln\u00fd kodex chov\u00e1n\u00ed s velk\u00fdmi IT spole\u010dnostmi s c\u00edlem bojovat proti nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm online.\u00a0To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed celoevropsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed v boji proti nen\u00e1visti online, v\u010detn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch forem nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f a trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f z nen\u00e1visti zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na r\u016fzn\u00e9 komunity.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kontextu \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed debaty o regulaci online prostor poslanci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu (EPS) zd\u016fraznili pot\u0159ebu z\u00e1kon\u016f, nejen politik platforem, kter\u00e9 by regulovaly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia.\u00a0Tato diskuse nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na d\u016fle\u017eitosti vzhledem k pr\u00e1ci EU na z\u00e1konu o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA) a z\u00e1konu o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch (DMA), od nich\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budou obsahovat pravidla pro online platformy a opat\u0159en\u00ed pro boj proti \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu nebo nez\u00e1konn\u00e9mu obsahu, jako je \u201edezinformace\u201c.<\/span>
\nZat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed poslanci po\u017eadovali jasn\u00e1 pravidla pro internetov\u00e9 giganty a ochranu demokratick\u00e9 diskuse na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, jin\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy z potenci\u00e1lu cenzury a dopadu na svobodu projevu.\u00a0Syst\u00e9m \u201enotice and take down\u201c byl nap\u0159\u00edklad kritizov\u00e1n, proto\u017ee by mohl v\u00e9st k cenzu\u0159e, proto\u017ee platformy by mohly b\u00fdt nuceny filtrovat obsah pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f, co\u017e by vedlo k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 opatrn\u00e9mu nebo politicky korektn\u00edmu moderov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dasil\u00ed EU v t\u00e9to oblasti, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na velk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, by mohlo m\u00edt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u016fsledky, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f na svobodu projevu ob\u010dan\u016f USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup EU k regulaci je v rozporu s ochranou prvn\u00edho dodatku USA, kter\u00e1 omezuje schopnost vl\u00e1dy regulovat \u0159e\u010d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Delegace EU v s\u00eddle OSN v \u017denev\u011b p\u0159edstavila sv\u00e9 priority pro pr\u00e1ci OSN v oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v do roku 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee odkazuje tak\u00e9 na z\u00e1vazek EU bojovat proti nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm a dezinformac\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 Evropskou radou, org\u00e1nem EU pro tvorbu politik, jsou rozd\u011bleny do nejm\u00e9n\u011b 40 bod\u016f, z nich\u017e dva se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f\u201c a t\u0159i \u201edezinformac\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 kategorie hrozeb pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, o kter\u00fdch EU tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je chr\u00e1n\u00ed, se vyskytuje ve spole\u010dnosti v\u011bc\u00ed, jako jsou v\u00e1lky, autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a tak\u00e9 \u201etlak proti rovnosti pohlav\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po t\u00e9to zd\u00e1nliv\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 sb\u00edrce hrozeb se dezinformace znovu objevuj\u00ed v sekci o v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch svobod\u00e1ch.\u00a0Zde dokonce EU tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nejen \u201eaktivn\u011b prosazuje\u201c pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t, ale \u010din\u00ed tak konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v souvislosti s rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a internetu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt i nad\u00e1le prov\u00e1d\u011bno podle \u201edemokratick\u00fdch\u201c, ale tak\u00e9 \u201eodpov\u011bdn\u00fdch, bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch\u201c princip\u016f \u2013 a v z\u00e1v\u011brech se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee AI by m\u011bla b\u00fdt regulov\u00e1na \u201evhodn\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak pokra\u010duje intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed gymnastika: Za prv\u00e9, EU slibuje upozornit na online cenzuru, blokov\u00e1n\u00ed internetu atd. (ale nebude proti tomu zasahovat).\u00a0\u2013 Ale hned dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bta zmi\u0148uje \u201edezinformace\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto term\u00ednu a zveli\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b nov\u00e9ho fenom\u00e9nu dezinformac\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kdy se r\u016fzn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, m\u00e9dia a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy sna\u017e\u00ed cenzurovat u\u017eivatele a obsah, je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a dokonce zdokumentovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou v dokumentu zm\u00edn\u011bny \u201edezinformace\u201c spolu s kyberzlo\u010dinem a \u201etechnologicky povolen\u00fdm online sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c.\u00a0EU chce na tyto v\u011bci nejen upozor\u0148ovat, ale vlastn\u011b s nimi \u201ebojovat\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politika je prezentov\u00e1na jako prost\u0159edek ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed ochrany \u00fadaj\u016f, \u201eonline prostor ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c a to, co EU pova\u017euje za \u201eodpov\u011bdn\u00e9\u201c \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed platformy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se vr\u00e1t\u00edme ke slibu podporovat otev\u0159en\u00fd, bezplatn\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a interoperabiln\u00ed internet, v\u010detn\u011b ochrany jeho z\u00e1kladny mnoha z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU chce, aby to bylo zahrnuto do glob\u00e1ln\u00edho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho paktu OSN, a z\u00e1v\u011bry nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee EU se chce tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlet na jak\u00fdchkoli budouc\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u00edch spr\u00e1vy AI.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy jsou zm\u00edn\u011bny spolu s rasismem, rasovou diskriminac\u00ed, xenofobi\u00ed a velmi \u0161irok\u00fdm pojmem intolerance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Definov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou tyto, ani\u017e by byly skute\u010dn\u011b definov\u00e1ny, je obl\u00edbenou metodou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a organizac\u00ed proti jazyk\u016fm, proto\u017ee pod takovou nedefinici m\u016f\u017ee spadat \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la poru\u0161en\u00ed a \u201ep\u0159estupk\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1v\u011brech EU se v\u00fdslovn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1vazek \u0159e\u0161it toto zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pr\u00e1vn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f, jako je ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n EU pro boj proti rasismu 2020\u20132025.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU v t\u00e9to souvislosti prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee bude spolupracovat s Organizac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, tedy \u017ee se bude pod\u00edlet na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch mechanismech sv\u011btov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu, a\u0165 u\u017e se na jejich vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edlela \u010di nikoli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy jsou op\u011bt zd\u016frazn\u011bny v z\u00e1v\u011bru o ochran\u011b pr\u00e1v men\u0161in.\u00a0Za prv\u00e9, EU prohla\u0161uje sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br \u201ei nad\u00e1le\u201c vyz\u00fdvat \u201ev\u0161echny st\u00e1ty\u201c, aby respektovaly Deklaraci o pr\u00e1vech osob pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch k n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edm nebo etnick\u00fdm, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm a jazykov\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Organizace znovu potvrzuje, \u017ee bude chr\u00e1nit svobodu slova a projevu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se postav\u00ed nejen proti podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nen\u00e1visti, ale tak\u00e9 proti nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm \u201eonline i offline\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeden z\u00e1v\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee EU bude nad\u00e1le \u201evarovat\u201c p\u0159ed nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrolou online prostoru, ale pot\u00e9 podnikne \u201eproaktivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti manipulaci se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi informacemi\u201c a bude podporovat \u201einforma\u010dn\u00ed integritu v boji proti dezinformac\u00edm\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 se jako spole\u010dn\u00e1 nit vine z\u00e1v\u011bry, je odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9mat lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a genderov\u00e9 rovnosti, ale tak\u00e9 jejich propojen\u00ed.\u00a0C\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu by mohlo b\u00fdt zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed viditelnosti posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm EU prosazuje sv\u00e1 stanoviska k r\u016fzn\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euje za relevantn\u00ed pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (jako je nejen obecn\u00e9 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, podpora vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zdravotnictv\u00ed atd., ale tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1va LGBTI, r\u016fznorod\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, zm\u011bna klimatu atd.) vyzkou\u0161en\u00fd je labyrint r\u016fzn\u00fdch iniciativ OSN.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pat\u0159\u00ed sem tak\u00e9 budouc\u00ed summit k realizaci c\u00edl\u016f udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje (SDGs).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b programu pro rok 2024 Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) aktivn\u011b prosazuje politiku regulace takzvan\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,41,279,48],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46224"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}