{"id":45471,"date":"2024-01-24T05:17:55","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T04:17:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=45471"},"modified":"2024-01-24T05:17:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T04:17:55","slug":"pretvoreni-globalniho-radu-co-znamena-hnuti-nezucastnenych-zemi-podporovane-putinem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/24\/pretvoreni-globalniho-radu-co-znamena-hnuti-nezucastnenych-zemi-podporovane-putinem\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du: Co znamen\u00e1 Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed podporovan\u00e9 Putinem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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19. summitu Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed (NAM) se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 deleg\u00e1t\u016f z v\u00edce ne\u017e 120 zem\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 v NAM status pozorovatele, v sobotu pochv\u00e1lilo organizaci za to, \u017ee hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePln\u011b n\u00e1s sjednocuje na\u0161e odm\u00edtnut\u00ed neokolonialistick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed, dvoj\u00edch standard\u016f, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1siln\u00fd n\u00e1tlak, diktatura a vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed jako prost\u0159edek k dosa\u017een\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky a zahrani\u010dn\u011b ekonomick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0uvedl prezident Vladimir Putin v poselstv\u00ed summitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Kdy a pro\u010d byla NAM zalo\u017eena<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed odvozuje sv\u016fj p\u016fvod od prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 afro-asijsk\u00e9 konference, kter\u00e1 se konala v roce 1955 v indon\u00e9sk\u00e9m Bandungu a ozna\u010dovala proces dekolonizace po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.\u00a0Konferenci organizovaly zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 si nep\u0159\u00e1ly b\u00fdt zapojeny do ideologick\u00e9 konfrontace mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a kter\u00e9 se cht\u011bly zam\u011b\u0159it na boje za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost a vlastn\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj.\u00a0NAM byla ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zalo\u017eena v roce 1961 v B\u011blehrad\u011b v Jugosl\u00e1vii a zahrnovala 25 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b asijsk\u00fdch a africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Struktura NAM dnes<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky jsou dnes \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem pr\u00e1ce NAM.\u00a0Seskupen\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze 120 n\u00e1rod\u016f (africk\u00fdch, asijsk\u00fdch a st\u0159edoamerick\u00fdch a jihoamerick\u00fdch), 20 pozorovatelsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b Ruska a \u010c\u00edny) a 11 organizac\u00ed (jako je Africk\u00e1 unie a Liga arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f).\u00a0NAM nem\u00e1 zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed listinu, z\u00e1kon ani smlouvu, ani st\u00e1l\u00fd sekretari\u00e1t.\u00a0Spr\u00e1va z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Hnut\u00ed je odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edsed\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou c\u00edle NAM<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem NAM v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho vzniku bylo udr\u017eet nov\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zem\u011b Asie a Afriky mimo velmocensk\u00e9 soupe\u0159en\u00ed a chr\u00e1nit jejich nov\u011b z\u00edskanou nez\u00e1vislost v bipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0V sou\u010dasnosti existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 c\u00edle: odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din v\u00e1lky;\u00a0ochrana nov\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch zem\u00ed Asie a Afriky p\u0159ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dou;\u00a0vystupov\u00e1n\u00ed proti kolonialismu, imperialismu a rasov\u00e9 diskriminaci;\u00a0obhajov\u00e1n\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f;\u00a0podpora p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi zem\u011bmi a m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch spor\u016f;\u00a0postavit se proti pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly a jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed;\u00a0a ochranu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Jak\u00e1 je role NAM<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

V 90. letech, po ukon\u010den\u00ed bipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011bta studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, se hnut\u00ed sna\u017eilo naj\u00edt cestu a jeho prim\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem se stalo budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011bta, za kter\u00fdm stoj\u00ed i Rusko.\u00a0Od roku 2012, kdy za \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed Teher\u00e1nsk\u00e1 deklarace otev\u0159en\u011b odsoudila sankce proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu a z\u00e1padn\u00ed intervenci v S\u00fdrii, role NAM roste.\u00a0NAM je dnes hlavn\u00edm dialogov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 58 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, 76 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 ropy a 53 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob plynu, se v\u0161emi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty OPEC.<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Kampalsk\u00e1 deklarace: hlavn\u00ed body<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

19. summit v Kampale skon\u010dil v sobotu ve\u010der vyd\u00e1n\u00edm 47\u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00e9 Kampalsk\u00e9 deklarace.\u00a0Zde jsou jeho hlavn\u00ed body:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Podpora Palestiny a odsouzen\u00ed Izraele<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty znovu potvrzuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev\u00fdznam ot\u00e1zky Palestiny pro NAM\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich postoje k tomuto t\u00e9matu, kter\u00e9 se vyv\u00edjely za posledn\u00edch 60 let,\u00a0<\/span>\u201ebudou h\u00e1jeny, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny a prosazov\u00e1ny\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0zejm\u00e9na\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev kontextu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch\u201c. N\u00e1rody, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed skoncovat s kolonialismem, \u00fatlakem, okupac\u00ed a nadvl\u00e1dou na okupovan\u00e9m palestinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Jsou\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehluboce znepokojeni pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm situace na m\u00edst\u011b a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed kriz\u00ed, kterou sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed palestin\u0161t\u00ed civilist\u00e9 v p\u00e1smu Gazy, kde obyvatelstvo, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u011bti, trp\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami na \u017eivotech a zran\u011bn\u00edmi,\u201c rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ni\u010den\u00ed jejich domov\u016f a masivn\u00ed nucen\u00e9 vys\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee Izrael pokra\u010duje v nevyb\u00edrav\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch v p\u00e1smu Gazy.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty rovn\u011b\u017e podporuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky k Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu soudn\u00edmu dvoru a \u201e\u00a0<\/span>odsuzuj\u00ed v\u0161echna opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0p\u0159ijat\u00e1 Izraelem ke zm\u011bn\u011b statusu okupovan\u00fdch syrsk\u00fdch Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznam pos\u00edlen\u00ed multilateralismu a komplexn\u00ed reformy mnohostrann\u00e9 architektury glob\u00e1ln\u00edho vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed.\u00a0Uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehistorickou nespravedlnost v\u016f\u010di Africe\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>podporu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho zastoupen\u00ed Afriky v reformovan\u00e9 Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

      V\u00edtaj\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed Africk\u00e9 unie jako st\u00e1l\u00e9ho \u010dlena G20 a Republiky Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n do NAM jako plnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty podporuj\u00ed reformu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed architektury a zavazuj\u00ed se pracovat na\u00a0<\/span>\u201euniverz\u00e1ln\u00edm, na pravidlech zalo\u017een\u00e9m, otev\u0159en\u00e9m, transparentn\u00edm, p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9m, inkluzivn\u00edm, spravedliv\u00e9m, nediskrimina\u010dn\u00edm a spravedliv\u00e9m mnohostrann\u00e9m obchodn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Pos\u00edlen\u00ed role OSN a NAM<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed respektu k Chart\u011b OSN a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pr\u00e1vu,\u00a0<\/span>\u201ezejm\u00e9na z\u00e1sad\u00e1m suverenity, suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti, \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvosti, nevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se a m\u00edrov\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 k\u00a0<\/span>\u201epos\u00edlen\u00ed role Hnut\u00ed p\u0159i m\u00edrov\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f, p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed konflikt\u016fm a jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

          \n
        • P\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed hrozby vir\u016f<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehluboce znepokojeny hrozbou, kterou p\u0159edstavuje vznik a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pandemi\u00ed a zdravotn\u00edch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b COVID-19, virov\u00e9 choroby Ebola, prase\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky A (H1N1) a pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Odm\u00edtaj\u00ed jednostrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ke zru\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech sankc\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty posiluj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, aby obsahovala jednostrann\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na klimatu.\u00a0Nad\u00e1le tak\u00e9 vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k \u00fapln\u00e9mu, okam\u017eit\u00e9mu a bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9mu zru\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech jednostrann\u00fdch donucovac\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch jako n\u00e1stroje politick\u00e9ho, ekonomick\u00e9ho a finan\u010dn\u00edho tlaku na kteroukoli zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Obrana lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed a obran\u011b suver\u00e9nn\u00edch pr\u00e1v v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f, lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a rovnosti pohlav\u00ed.\u00a0Rovn\u011b\u017e odsuzuj\u00ed rasismus a zavazuj\u00ed se p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k vym\u00fdcen\u00ed chudoby ve v\u0161ech jej\u00edch form\u00e1ch a rozm\u011brech a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nucen\u00e9ho vys\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Podpora glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201epokrok v jadern\u00e9m odzbrojen\u00ed a ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed ve v\u0161ech jeho aspektech je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c;\u00a0<\/span><\/em>podporovat \u00fasil\u00ed o prevenci a boj proti terorismu;\u00a0a odsoudit zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed (ICT), v\u010detn\u011b internetu a platforem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, k teroristick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                19. summitu Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed (NAM) se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 deleg\u00e1t\u016f z v\u00edce ne\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,3386,102,623],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45471"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}