{"id":45411,"date":"2024-01-24T00:37:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T23:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=45411"},"modified":"2024-01-23T17:19:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T16:19:46","slug":"hladovejici-gaza-egyptska-a-izraelska-zbran-rafah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/24\/hladovejici-gaza-egyptska-a-izraelska-zbran-rafah\/","title":{"rendered":"Hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed Gaza: Egyptsk\u00e1 a izraelsk\u00e1 zbra\u0148 Rafah"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Zat\u00edmco izraelsk\u00e9 hladov\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Gazy je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, Egypt pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat status quo a ti\u0161e profituje z operac\u00ed na hrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echodech na \u017eivot a na smrt.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jednoho de\u0161tiv\u00e9ho r\u00e1na se ve m\u011bst\u011b Rafah v ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00e1smu Gazy se\u0161la skupina palestinsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nebylo spont\u00e1nn\u00ed, proto\u017ee d\u011bti rychle za\u010daly dr\u017eet cedule s n\u00e1pisem \u201eOtev\u0159ete p\u0159echod\u201c.\u00a0Jejich prosba sm\u011b\u0159ovala k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm organizac\u00edm za hranicemi v Egypt\u011b a byla p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zna\u010dek, kdy\u017e se skl\u00e1daly n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozy, kter\u00e9 \u010dekaly na egyptsk\u00e9 povolen\u00ed k p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se d\u011bti potulovaly kolem hrani\u010dn\u00edho plotu,\u00a0<\/span>byl poskytov\u00e1n ob\u011bd pozorovatel\u016fm EU a zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kte\u0159\u00ed se vzdali j\u00eddla pro d\u011bti z Rafahu. <\/span>A te\u010f je tu h\u00e1\u010dek.\u00a0Tyto plak\u00e1ty nebyly adresov\u00e1ny Egyptu.\u00a0P\u0159echod nebyl Rafah, ale severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed bod Gazy Karni s Izraelem.\u00a0A incident se odehr\u00e1l v roce 2006, ne v roce 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dohody k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontroly<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2006 byl trestem Izraele pro Palestince za to, \u017ee volili Ham\u00e1s b\u011bhem svobodn\u00fdch a spravedliv\u00fdch voleb, hladov\u011bn\u00edm.\u00a0Toto je tich\u00e1 v\u00e1lka Tel Avivu, oble\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si pomalu vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti a p\u0159iprav\u00ed 2,3 milionu civilist\u016f v Gaze o v\u00fd\u017eivu a l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Od sta\u017een\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch sil z Gazy v roce 2005 se P\u00e1smo ocitlo pod t\u011bsnou blok\u00e1dou, kter\u00e1 ho prom\u011bnila v\u00a0<\/span>masivn\u00ed v\u011bzen\u00ed pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obehnan\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty a kontroln\u00edmi stanovi\u0161ti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bylo kontrolov\u00e1no osm p\u0159echod\u016f \u2013 z toho \u0161est Izraelem \u2013 spojuj\u00edc\u00edch Gazu s palestinsk\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi okupovan\u00fdmi v roce 1948. \u010cty\u0159i z t\u011bchto p\u0159echod\u016f z\u016fstaly zcela uzav\u0159eny a dva byly otev\u0159eny ob\u010das: \u201eBejt Hanoun\u201c a \u201eKerem \u0160alom\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od vojensk\u00e9ho sta\u017een\u00ed Izraele z p\u00e1sma Gazy m\u00e1 Tel Aviv jedine\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl: nastolit \u00faplnou hegemonii nad Gazou po zemi, ve vzduchu i po mo\u0159i.\u00a0K dosa\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f\u00a0<\/span>byly podeps\u00e1ny\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>dohody<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o regulaci pohybu na p\u0159echodech: Dohoda o p\u0159echodech mezi Izraelem a Palestinskou samospr\u00e1vou (2005), dohoda o kontrole palestinsko-evropsko-izraelsk\u00fdch hranic a Filadelfsk\u00fd protokol mezi Egyptem a Izraelem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato dohoda vytvo\u0159ila 14 km dlouh\u00fd n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00fd p\u00e1s pod\u00e9l hranice mezi Egyptem a Gazou a vy\u017eadovala<\/span> izraelsko-egyptskou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed koordinaci, p\u0159\u00edtomnost egyptsk\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee pod\u00e9l koridoru Filadelfia a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hl\u00eddky z obou stran.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mapa p\u0159echod\u016f do p\u00e1sma Gazy<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rafah jako jedin\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 lano pro Gazany\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159echod Rafah byl omezen na dr\u017eitele palestinsk\u00fdch pr\u016fkaz\u016f toto\u017enosti, s v\u00fdjimkami, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eadovaly p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b a souhlas nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f Palestinsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro p\u0159echody v Gaze v r\u00e1mci palestinsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy vy\u0159izoval schv\u00e1len\u00ed a n\u00e1mitky v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch lh\u016ft\u00e1ch stanoven\u00fdch dohodou o p\u0159echodech.\u00a0Nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak vzrostlo, kdy\u017e Ham\u00e1s p\u0159evzal kontrolu nad p\u0159echodem v roce 2007, co\u017e vedlo k posun\u016fm v operac\u00edch a uzav\u0159en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se vztah\u016f mezi Egyptem a Ham\u00e1sem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dynamika se zm\u011bnila v roce 2017, kdy rivalov\u00e9 Fatah a Hamas podepsali\u00a0<\/span>dohodu o usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo ukon\u010dit p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed.\u00a0\u00dapln\u00e1 izraelsk\u00e1 blok\u00e1da P\u00e1sma Gazy po odbojov\u00e9 operaci veden\u00e9 7. \u0159\u00edjna Hamasem v\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u00fdznam hrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echod\u016f P\u00e1sma s Egyptem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen o rok d\u0159\u00edve byl p\u0159echod Rafah otev\u0159en 245 dn\u00ed a umo\u017enil pr\u016fchod v\u00edce ne\u017e 140 000 lidem a \u010detn\u00e9mu z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu zbo\u017e\u00ed, jako je nafta, plyn na va\u0159en\u00ed a stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b brut\u00e1ln\u00edho, bezprecedentn\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na Gazu Tel Aviv zavedl drakonick\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Palestinc\u016f v P\u00e1smu a od\u0159\u00edzl p\u0159\u00edstup k vod\u011b, elekt\u0159in\u011b a komunikac\u00edm – a z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159echod\u016fm – na v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>100 dn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159echod Rafah se stal jedin\u00fdm z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm lanem pro civilisty hledaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00edm, l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed nebo dokonce j\u00eddlo.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace shrom\u00e1\u017edily, aby poskytly pomoc p\u0159es p\u0159echod, masov\u00e9 vys\u00eddlen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nevyb\u00edrav\u00fdm izraelsk\u00fdm bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 a egyptsk\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>odpor<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti pl\u00e1nu p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed na Sinaji \u2013 situaci zhor\u0161ily, co\u017e vedlo ke vzniku t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159i cesty z Gazy\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou existovaly t\u0159i cesty pro v\u00fdstup z p\u00e1sma Gazy.\u00a0Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed cesta zahrnovala p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed seznam\u016f jmen ke schv\u00e1len\u00ed z izraelsk\u00e9 strany, co\u017e \u010dasto trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.\u00a0P\u0159ijat\u00ed jedinci \u010delili dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m na egyptsk\u00e9 stran\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b kontrol a p\u0159epravy na k\u00e1hirsk\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b v \u201edeporta\u010dn\u00ed karavan\u011b\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed tra\u0165, spravovan\u00e1 makl\u00e9\u0159sk\u00fdmi kancel\u00e1\u0159emi, nab\u00edzela rychlej\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchod za poplatky v rozmez\u00ed od 300 do 500 USD nebo dokonce a\u017e 10 000 USD.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed dr\u00e1hu, napojenou na egyptsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, provozuje v\u00fdhradn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>cestovn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Hala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, o n\u00ed\u017e zdroj uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/i>\u00a0je napojena na nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho sinajsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edka a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka\u00a0<\/span>Ibrahima al-Arjaniho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Tato \u201eVIP\u201c trasa, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 v roce 2021, umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00fd tranzit, osvobozen\u00ed od kontrol a mo\u017enost pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u016fstat v Egypt\u011b p\u0159ed cestou na leti\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1klady se pohybuj\u00ed od 500 do 700 USD na osobu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Egyptsk\u00fd zisk z palestinsk\u00e9 bolesti\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uprost\u0159ed posledn\u00edch izraelsk\u00fdch zv\u011brstev okupa\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1t trvale zak\u00e1zal odchod jednotlivc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou na schv\u00e1len\u00fdch seznamech, s v\u00fdjimkou dvoj\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed po intervenc\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch ambas\u00e1d.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed egypt\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci na p\u0159echodu v\u0161ak vyu\u017eili mezery zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201evylou\u010den\u00ed z bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c.\u00a0To zahrnuje odm\u00edtnut\u00ed v\u00fdjezdu z d\u016fvod\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s vn\u00edman\u00fdm spojen\u00edm cestuj\u00edc\u00edho s Hamasem, co\u017e vede k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o zna\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch za v\u00fdjezd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory vojensk\u00e9 a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed devastaci Gazy a nal\u00e9hav\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm glob\u00e1ln\u00edch nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed na povolen\u00ed vstupu pomoci do P\u00e1sma Izrael nesly\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0V obhajob\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora (ICJ) izraelsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk Christopher Stacker uk\u00e1zal prstem na vinu jinam a bez obalu\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u201ep\u0159\u00edstup do p\u00e1sma Gazy p\u0159es p\u0159echod Rafah kontroluje Egypt\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byl to chab\u00fd pokus osvobodit Izrael od jeho z\u00e1vazk\u016f z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va: egyptsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da tato obvin\u011bn\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b odm\u00edtla a \u0161\u00e9f St\u00e1tn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby (SIS) Diaa Rashwan je\u00a0<\/span>odm\u00edtl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako \u201el\u017ei\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00e1hira nejen pop\u0159ela tvrzen\u00ed Izraele, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017eila ICJ p\u0159ipom\u00ednku, kter\u00e1 objasnila, \u017ee Egypt neuzav\u0159el p\u0159echod Rafah.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco Egypt kontroluje p\u0159echod po zemi, je to Izrael, kdo udr\u017euje kontrolu ze vzduchu.\u00a0Byly to<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lety na p\u0159echodu Rafah a v nedalek\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Khan Yunis, kde koncem lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku zahynulo nejm\u00e9n\u011b 49 lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hrozba je velk\u00e1.\u00a0Pokud Izrael neobdr\u017e\u00ed souhlas s pr\u016fjezdem \u201edeporta\u010dn\u00edho konvoje\u201c nebo n\u00e1kladn\u00edho auta, Tel Aviv se m\u016f\u017ee vr\u00e1tit s dal\u0161\u00edmi bombov\u00fdmi \u00fatoky na Rafah.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale ani K\u00e1hira nen\u00ed mimo.\u00a0<\/span>I kdy\u017e je Egypt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za bez\u00fahonn\u00fd za prim\u00e1rn\u00ed blok\u00e1du Gazy, nepochybn\u011b z n\u00ed tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco izraelsk\u00e9 hladov\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Gazy je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, Egypt pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat status quo a ti\u0161e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45412,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3245,348,1941,804,107],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45411"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45413,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45411\/revisions\/45413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}