{"id":45267,"date":"2024-01-22T00:36:57","date_gmt":"2024-01-21T23:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=45267"},"modified":"2024-01-21T17:41:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-21T16:41:43","slug":"premysl-votava-leningrad-a-jeho-872-dnu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/22\/premysl-votava-leningrad-a-jeho-872-dnu\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159emysl Votava: Leningrad a jeho 872 dn\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1dhern\u00e9 m\u011bsto na \u0159ece N\u011bv\u011b, Ermit\u00e1\u017e, zlat\u00e9 Petrodvorce, \u0161irok\u00e9 ulice, bulv\u00e1ry, ale i milion ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zem\u0159ely hladem v dob\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho a finsk\u00e9ho obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u016fvodce, ale i prost\u00fd obyvatel m\u011bsta v\u00e1m tuto dobu p\u0159ed 80lety p\u0159ipomene, ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z rodiny n\u011bkdo zem\u0159el tehdy hladem, \u010di zimou. Blok\u00e1da Leningradu trvala 872 dn\u016f od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 do 27. ledna 1944. Jde o nejdel\u0161\u00ed obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed v historii lidstva. Obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed nep\u0159e\u017eila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina obyvatel tohoto druh\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Hitlerovy pl\u00e1ny ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 byly je\u0161t\u011b hr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00edm Hitlera z 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 m\u011bsto nem\u011blo b\u00fdt obsazeno, ale obkl\u00ed\u010deno a vyhladov\u011bno. Dle historick\u00e9ho dokumentu, sm\u011brnice \u010d.1-a 1601 \/1941 se uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eNem\u00e1me z\u00e1jem na z\u00e1chran\u011b ani \u010d\u00e1sti obyvatelstva tohoto m\u011bsta. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 prosby o kapitulaci budou odm\u00edtnuty.\u201c\u00a0 Po\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941 z\u016fstalo v Leningrad\u011b v obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed 2,8 milionu obyvatel a p\u016fl milionu voj\u00e1k\u016f a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. Ze strany arm\u00e1dn\u00edho velen\u00ed za\u010dala obrovsk\u00e1 logistick\u00e1 operace k z\u00e1chran\u011b obyvatel, k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravin, ale i vojensk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro\u00a0 bojuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotky Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Potravinov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly pro obyvatele klesly na 250 gram\u016f potravin, zejm\u00e9na chleba&#8230; D\u011bti m\u011bly p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly je\u0161t\u011b men\u0161\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 st\u00e1li v mrazu deset hodin ve front\u011b na chleba.<\/p>\n<p>Cesta do m\u011bsta a z m\u011bsta vedla jen lodn\u00ed dopravou p\u0159es na severu le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed Lado\u017esk\u00e9 jezero. To v zim\u011b zamrzlo,\u00a0 zde vedla provizorn\u00ed \u017eeleznice&#8230; Byla to jedin\u00e1 \u0161t\u011brbina, kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt k z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Naopak z m\u011bsta byly odv\u00e1\u017eeny touto \u201ecestou \u017eivota\u201c\u00a0 zejm\u00e9na d\u011bti a \u017eeny, to v\u0161e za n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fatok\u016f na m\u011bsto. Cesta p\u0159es jezero byla dlouh\u00e1 40 km, k t\u011bm je\u0161t\u011b nutno p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edst stovky km po pevnin\u011b. I ty byly ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m ohro\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stranapro.cz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-40285 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro-300x79.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"661\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro.png 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spisovatel literatury faktu Miroslav Ivanov, ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eMartova pole\u201c, v kapitole \u201eHlad\u201c popisuje\u00a0 872 dn\u016f Leningradu v obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed: \u201e &#8230; v listopadu 1941 zem\u0159elo hlady 11 085 lid\u00ed, v prosinci ji\u017e 52 881 lid\u00ed, &#8230;mrtv\u00e9 pro zamrzlou p\u016fdu nebylo kde pochov\u00e1vat, nebylo \u010d\u00edm topit,\u00a0 zmizely lavi\u010dky, ploty, rozeb\u00edraly se d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 domy, k\u016flny, \u2026. nebyl elektrick\u00fd proud.\u201c\u00a0 V m\u00edstech, kter\u00e9 se dostaly pod n\u011bmeckou okupaci, ho\u0159ely knihy rusk\u00fdch klasik\u016f, mizely skvosty rusk\u00e9 kultury. Smutn\u00fd osud Jantarov\u00e9 komnaty je dostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1m. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i roky trvalo obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n<p>14. ledna 1944 za\u010dala operace Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 vedla k prora\u017een\u00ed blok\u00e1dy. N\u00e1sledn\u011b 27. ledna 1944 skon\u010dilo utrpen\u00ed obyvatel Leningradu. Ten ve\u010der vy\u0161ly do ulic tis\u00edce vys\u00edlen\u00fdch lid\u00ed, slavily sv\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed&#8230;\u00a0 Ji\u017e nikdy nebude zji\u0161t\u011bn p\u0159esn\u00fd po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed blok\u00e1dy\u00a0 m\u011bsta. Odhadem jde o 750 tis\u00edc civilist\u016f a 500 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f&#8230; Od osvobozen\u00ed Leningradu uplynulo 80let. Je to velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 doba na zapomenut\u00ed, \u010di dokonce na znev\u00e1\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto ob\u011bt\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed 10lety p\u0159i 70. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed byla state\u010dnost obyvatel Leningradu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na i u n\u00e1s. Doba se ale m\u011bn\u00ed. Smrt milionu obyvatel hladem se dnes m\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u00a0 jin\u00fdm pohledem. Pojmy v\u00e1lka a m\u00edr se velice \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed.\u00a0 Tak\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00ed hrdina dostal nov\u00fd kab\u00e1t. V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti se p\u0159ebarvuj\u00ed. Jak\u00e1 je znalost dne\u0161n\u00edho vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1ka o osudu\u00a0 m\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 m\u011blo b\u00fdt dle p\u0159edstav Hitlera o nov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0 Evropy \u00a0\u00a0zcela vyhlazeno&#8230;?<\/p>\n<p>Jak vypad\u00e1 hlad, zima&#8230;? To nen\u00ed ta \u010desk\u00e1 zima, jakou zn\u00e1me. A\u017e budete doma, pod\u00edvejte se jakou velikost m\u00e1 250 gram\u016f chleba, rozd\u011blte si jej na sn\u00eddani, ob\u011bd a ve\u010de\u0159i\u2026., k tomu na t\u0159i dny zav\u0159ete radi\u00e1tory topen\u00ed, vypn\u011bte elektrick\u00fd proud, odlo\u017ete mobil&#8230; To bude jen malink\u00fd kr\u016f\u010dek k pochopen\u00ed state\u010dnosti, obyvatel\u00a0 m\u011bsta Leningrad p\u0159ed 80lety.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>P\u0159emysl Votava<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-15746\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/votava-premysl-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/votava-premysl-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/votava-premysl.jpg 318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1dhern\u00e9 m\u011bsto na \u0159ece N\u011bv\u011b, Ermit\u00e1\u017e, zlat\u00e9 Petrodvorce, \u0161irok\u00e9 ulice, bulv\u00e1ry, ale i milion ob\u011bt\u00ed,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[569,398,29,6671,673],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45267"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}