{"id":44949,"date":"2024-01-18T00:38:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T23:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=44949"},"modified":"2024-01-17T19:05:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T18:05:54","slug":"studie-ukazuji-velke-solarni-farmy-maji-masivni-dopad-na-globalni-klima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/18\/studie-ukazuji-velke-solarni-farmy-maji-masivni-dopad-na-globalni-klima\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie ukazuj\u00ed: Velk\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farmy maj\u00ed masivn\u00ed dopad na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed z posledn\u00edch let jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee stav\u011bt velk\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farmy nen\u00ed nutn\u011b dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad.\u00a0Ty mohou m\u00edt masivn\u00ed a zcela nekontrolovateln\u00fd dopad na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima.\u00a0Klimati\u010dt\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjovi u\u010dni pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let jsou opakovan\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny n\u00e1pady a pl\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 navrhuj\u00ed mnoho velk\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem na Saha\u0159e a na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b k v\u00fdrob\u011b \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c elekt\u0159iny.\u00a0Zcela krom\u011b toho, \u017ee takov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny maj\u00ed i logistick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my (jak se m\u00e1 tato sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie p\u0159epravovat na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti?), jsou zde i dal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 negativn\u00ed \u2013 dopady na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima.\u00a0Proto\u017ee dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch ploch \u010dern\u00fdmi sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely \u2013 krom\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch tepeln\u00fdch ostrov\u016f \u2013 ovliv\u0148uje i tvorbu obla\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad skupina v\u011bdc\u016f pomoc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch model\u016f zve\u0159ejnila v roce 2020\u00a0<\/span>studii,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kter\u00e1 zd\u016fraznila klimatick\u00e9 dopady ob\u0159\u00edch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem na Saha\u0159e.\u00a0V\u00fdsledek sv\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f vysv\u011btlili ve sv\u00e9m shrnut\u00ed (zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1no):<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 v saharsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti by mohly uspokojit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu v regionu.\u00a0Nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 vlivy na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti v d\u016fsledku atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed by v\u0161ak mohly vyv\u00e1\u017eit region\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody.\u00a0K posouzen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho dopadu sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem na Saha\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modelov\u00e9 simulace zemsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\u00a0Na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed redistribuci sr\u00e1\u017eek zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed amazonsk\u00e1 sucha a degradaci les\u016f.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho to vede ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 teploty a poklesu mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu, zejm\u00e9na v Arktid\u011b v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho pol\u00e1rn\u00edho p\u0159enosu tepla a severn\u00ed expanze listnat\u00fdch les\u016f na severn\u00ed polokouli.\u00a0Identifikovali jsme tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eenou El Ni\u00f1o-ji\u017en\u00ed oscilaci a variabilitu Atlantick\u00e9ho Ni\u00f1o, stejn\u011b jako zv\u00fd\u0161enou aktivitu tropick\u00fdch cykl\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/strong>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s odhady na z\u00e1klad\u011b proxy vlh\u010d\u00ed a zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Sahary p\u0159ed asi 6 000 lety tyto v\u00fdsledky podporuje.\u00a0Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto reakc\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu poskytuje pohled na v\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta pro masivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energie ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch pou\u0161t\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e v\u011bdci po\u010d\u00edtali se skute\u010dn\u011b obrovsk\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem (20 procent saharsk\u00e9 oblasti jako oblasti sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farmy), ilustruj\u00ed, jak v\u00e1\u017en\u011b mohou m\u00edt takov\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 syst\u00e9my dopad na region\u00e1ln\u00ed a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima.\u00a0Zasv\u011bcen\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek na \u201eThe Conversation\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 o n\u011bco star\u0161\u00ed studii z roku 2018, kter\u00e1 dosp\u00edv\u00e1 k podobn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm.\u00a0<\/span>Auto\u0159i tam p\u00ed\u0161ou<\/span><\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie z roku 2018<\/a>\u00a0pou\u017eila klimatick\u00fd model k simulaci \u00fa\u010dink\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho albeda na oblast pou\u0161t\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch instalac\u00ed masivn\u00edch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem.\u00a0Albedo je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem toho, jak dob\u0159e povrchy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00edsek je mnohem v\u00edce odraziv\u00fd ne\u017e sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panel, a proto m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed albedo.<\/em><\/p>\n

Model uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee kdy\u017e velikost sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farmy dos\u00e1hne 20 % celkov\u00e9 plochy Sahary, spust\u00ed se efekt zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby.\u00a0Teplo vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 tmav\u0161\u00edmi sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vysoce reflexn\u00ed pou\u0161tn\u00ed zem\u00ed) vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed strm\u00fd teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi pevninou a okoln\u00edmi oce\u00e1ny, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku sni\u017euje povrchov\u00fd tlak vzduchu a umo\u017e\u0148uje vlhk\u00e9mu vzduchu stoupat a kondenzovat do de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch kapek.\u00a0S v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm monzunov\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f rostou rostliny a pou\u0161\u0165 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b slune\u010dn\u00ed energie, proto\u017ee vegetace absorbuje sv\u011btlo l\u00e9pe ne\u017e p\u00edsek a p\u016fda.\u00a0Kdy\u017e je v\u00edce rostlin, odpa\u0159uje se v\u00edce vody, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se vlh\u010d\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vegetace.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ale i tam v\u011bdci zjistili negativn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 dopady na oblast Amazonie a Kongo (ob\u011b jsou domovem nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u016f), proto\u017ee reorganizace glob\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011btrn\u00fdch a oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch proud\u016f posouv\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017eky d\u00e1le na sever.\u00a0Jeden z hlavn\u00edch autor\u016f t\u011bchto studi\u00ed, Zhengyao Lu, ned\u00e1vno publikoval\u00a0<\/span>dal\u0161\u00ed studii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zalo\u017eenou na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u00e1ci , ve kter\u00e9 zkoumal dopad takov\u00fdch mega sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem na Saha\u0159e na celosv\u011btovou produkci sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie.\u00a0I zde v\u011bdci objevili v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 naru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zm\u011bnami po\u010das\u00ed.\u00a0Pouze pokud by plochy vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely tvo\u0159ily m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 5 procent celkov\u00e9 plochy, bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 negativn\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm vliv\u016fm do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zabr\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto studie tak\u00e9 jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm velk\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch farem m\u00e1me velk\u00fd vliv na klimatick\u00e9 vzorce.\u00a0Ve jm\u00e9nu \u00fadajn\u00e9 ochrany klimatu mohou b\u00fdt spu\u0161t\u011bny skute\u010dn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 katastrofy.\u00a0Stoj\u00ed to za to?<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed z posledn\u00edch let jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee stav\u011bt velk\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farmy nen\u00ed nutn\u011b dobr\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[873,6402,839],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44949"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44951,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44949\/revisions\/44951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}