{"id":4480,"date":"2021-09-02T07:37:39","date_gmt":"2021-09-02T05:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=4480"},"modified":"2021-09-02T07:37:39","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T05:37:39","slug":"zakaleny-pohled-na-dejiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/09\/02\/zakaleny-pohled-na-dejiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Zakalen\u00fd pohled na d\u011bjiny\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"perex\">Je to ji\u017e 82 let, kdy za\u010dala ta nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lka, jakou kdy poznal sv\u011bt. 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 vtrhlo N\u011bmecko do Polska. 60 diviz\u00ed, z toho 10 obrn\u011bn\u00fdch, 1600 letadel\u2026 Za n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f se Polsko zhroutilo, 27. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kapitulovalo. Polsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty byly ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. 60 tis\u00edc padl\u00fdch, 200 tis\u00edc ran\u011bn\u00fdch, 700 tis\u00edc zajatc\u016f\u2026.Ztr\u00e1ty N\u011bmecka nesrovnateln\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, 10 tis\u00edc padl\u00fdch, 30 tis\u00edc ran\u011bn\u00fdch.<\/div>\n<div class=\"content\">\n<p>Hitler po zku\u0161enostech z Mnichova 1938 si byl zcela jist, \u017ee Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie budou agresi jen pasivn\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet, na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b bude klid\u2026 Nem\u00fdlil se ani on, ale ani Stalin. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 anga\u017em\u00e1, dle tzv. smlouvy Ribbentrop \u2013 Molotov, bylo proto jen d\u016fsledkem politiky z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed. Politiky snahy obr\u00e1tit Hitlera od Z\u00e1padu v\u00fdchodn\u00edm sm\u011brem, na kterou pr\u00e1v\u011b v Mnichov\u011b, doplatilo \u010ceskoslovensko.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud chceme hodnotit situaci p\u0159ed a t\u011bsn\u011b po 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 mus\u00edme konstatovat, \u017ee to byla pr\u00e1v\u011b politika usmi\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (appeasementu), kter\u00e1 otev\u0159ela N\u011bmecku cestu k p\u0159ipojen\u00ed Rakouska (1938). Politika z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed vedla i k rozbit\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska v Mnichov\u011b (z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k jeho okupaci v b\u0159eznu 1939. Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee na mnichovsk\u00e9m porcov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska se p\u0159i\u017eivilo vedle N\u011bmecka, tak\u00e9 Ma\u010farsko a Polsko. Tak\u00e9 It\u00e1lie se \u010dinila, v dubnu 1939 vyrazila za svou ko\u0159ist\u00ed do Alb\u00e1nie. I ve \u0160pan\u011blsku vykvetl fa\u0161ismus. Tam byla krvav\u00fdm fa\u0161istick\u00fdm pu\u010dem odstran\u011bna demokraticky zvolen\u00e1 vl\u00e1da za pomoci N\u011bmecka, It\u00e1lie a op\u011bt za tich\u00e9ho p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a ne\u010dinnosti Francie, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie. Takov\u00e1 byla ta star\u00e1 dobr\u00e1 Evropa v p\u0159edve\u010der 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Proto n\u011bkter\u00e9 kroky SSSR, kter\u00e9 dnes vid\u00edme z\u00fa\u017een\u00fdm, zakalen\u00fdm pohledem, se staly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v\u00e1lky na v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>D\u011bjiny nikdy nebyly \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edho p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed 82. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tku 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bude i protirusk\u00e1 r\u00e9torika, jak se stalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pravidlem. Je to fale\u0161n\u00fd pohled. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee SSSR po zhroucen\u00ed odporu polsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u010dal obsazovat v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Polska, tedy b\u00fdval\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny, B\u011bloruska, kter\u00e1 ztratil po Brestlitevsk\u00e9m m\u00edru (3.3.1918) a sov\u011btsko-polsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce (1920 &#8211; 1921). Tato \u00fazem\u00ed byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edho carsk\u00e9ho Ruska. P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed tohoto kroku SSSR, je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee i samotn\u00e9 Polsko m\u011blo s hitlerovsk\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem smlouvu o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed z ledna 1934 a je\u0161t\u011b v lednu 1939 prob\u00edhala intenzivn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi samotn\u00fdm Hitlerem a ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed Polska o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m postoji v\u016f\u010di SSSR. Tato jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1konit\u011b musela je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce vyhrotit, u\u017e tak napjat\u00e9 vztahy mezi Polskem a SSSR. V l\u00e9t\u011b 1939 pak ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b skon\u010dila jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi SSSR, Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a Franci\u00ed\u2026 A tak se za\u010dala rodit ona, tak \u010dasto kritizovan\u00e1 dohoda. Ale pro\u010d jen ona?<\/p>\n<p>\u201ePakt o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed\u201c mezi N\u011bmeckem a SSSR, byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jen logick\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 situace v Evrop\u011b. Byl pokusem SSSR odd\u00e1lit v\u00e1lku s N\u011bmeckem a zajistit si hranice. SSSR nebyl na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd konflikt p\u0159ipraven, co\u017e uk\u00e1zala i n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka s Finskem v listopadu 1939. Obdobn\u011b na v\u00e1lku nebyla p\u0159ipravena ani Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, ani Francie. N\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v\u00e1lky na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b na ja\u0159e 1940 byl toho dokladem. Byl to nakonec Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, kter\u00fd nesl hlavn\u00ed t\u00edhu v\u00e1lky\u2026 Proto tak\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech byl Stalin hostitelem \u0159ady p\u0159edn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch politik\u016f, jejich nad\u011bj\u00ed se stal SSSR. Ale to je ji\u017e jin\u00e1 kapitola d\u011bjin. Jak v\u00edme, d\u011bjiny nikdy nebyly \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9, je nutn\u00e9 je v\u017edy ch\u00e1pat s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch souvislostech a s hodnocen\u00edm politick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje v t\u00e9 dan\u00e9 dob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>P\u0159emysl Votava<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1289\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/votava.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"118\" height=\"171\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je to ji\u017e 82 let, kdy za\u010dala ta nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lka, jakou kdy poznal sv\u011bt. 1&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[29,84,31,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}