{"id":44684,"date":"2024-01-14T00:45:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-13T23:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=44684"},"modified":"2024-01-13T17:41:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-13T16:41:54","slug":"vzepreli-se-usa-izraeli-a-saudske-arabii-a-slibuji-pomstu-kdo-jsou-husiove-z-jemenu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/14\/vzepreli-se-usa-izraeli-a-saudske-arabii-a-slibuji-pomstu-kdo-jsou-husiove-z-jemenu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vzep\u0159eli se USA, Izraeli a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii a slibuj\u00ed \u201epomstu\u201c. Kdo jsou H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 z Jemenu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Za 20 let existence si H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 zvykli na neust\u00e1l\u00e9 boje za svou \u0161\u00editskou v\u00edru a svou zemi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201eK m\u00e9 velk\u00e9 l\u00edtosti se Jemenci nemohou se situac\u00ed vyrovnat sami.\u00a0Ale hlavn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di v regionu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed mohou pomoci, proto\u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed existuje v jejich rukou.\u00a0Proto je \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1me, aby pomohli na\u0161\u00ed zemi a na\u0161emu lidu ukon\u010dit v\u00e1lku, posadit v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed strany k jednac\u00edmu stolu, za\u010d\u00edt hledat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude vyhovovat z\u00e1jm\u016fm v\u0161ech sil v Jemenu, regionu a sv\u011bta. Bezpe\u010dnost a stabilita v Jemenu jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a stability v regionu a ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ali Nasir Muhammad, b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Ji\u017en\u00edho Jemenu (1980\u20131986);\u00a0citace z konference Valdai Club, \u00fanor 2018<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si uv\u011bdomuje pouze glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy.\u00a0Pokud m\u00e9dia o p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu neinformuj\u00ed, m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee probl\u00e9m neexistuje.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu, na rozd\u00edl od ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v S\u00fdrii, Ir\u00e1ku nebo Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, z\u016fst\u00e1vala krize v Jemenu pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b dlouho mlhav\u00fdm a vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm t\u00e9matem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale v t\u011bchto dnech, kdy se Jemenci obr\u00e1tili proti Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a jejich spojenc\u016fm, se v\u011bci n\u00e1hle zm\u011bnily.\u00a0Houthi hnut\u00ed bylo jedinou skupinou v regionu, kter\u00e1 se odv\u00e1\u017eila \u0159\u00edct pravdu o ud\u00e1lostech v Palestin\u011b a postavit se za Palestince.\u00a0Najednou o nich za\u010dali v\u0161ichni mluvit.\u00a012. ledna USA a Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie za\u00fato\u010dily na H\u00fas\u00edje v Jemenu.\u00a0\u00datok byl reakc\u00ed na blok\u00e1du, kterou H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 uvalili na izraelsk\u00e9 lod\u011b (a tak\u00e9 lod\u011b pluj\u00edc\u00ed do a z Izraele) v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b podporuj\u00ed H\u00fas\u00edje, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako hnut\u00ed \u201eAnsar Allah\u201c.\u00a0Je na\u010dase zjistit v\u00edce o tomto hnut\u00ed a z\u00edskat hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed toho, co se d\u011bje v Jemenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nonstop v\u00e1lka\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Je docela t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapit obyvatele Jemenu bombov\u00fdmi \u00fatoky.\u00a0Po mnoho let v regionu zu\u0159ila krvav\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi \u00fa\u0159ady a povstalci Houthi.\u00a0Situace se zhor\u0161ila v roce 2015, kdy do konfliktu zas\u00e1hla arabsk\u00e1 koalice veden\u00e1 Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed.\u00a0Podle jemensk\u00e9ho centra pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a rozvoj bylo v zemi za t\u0159i roky boj\u016f zabito p\u0159es 10 000 civilist\u016f.\u00a0Mezi ob\u011b\u0165mi bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2000 \u017een a 2500 d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V listopadu 2017 se Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a jej\u00ed spojenci rozhodli uzav\u0159\u00edt v\u0161echny jemensk\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a leteck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy.\u00a0V d\u016fsledku toho byla zni\u010den\u00e1 zem\u011b vystavena tot\u00e1ln\u00ed blok\u00e1d\u011b, kter\u00e1 vy\u00fastila v humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofu.\u00a0Krom\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli na boji\u0161ti, zem\u0159ely tis\u00edce lid\u00ed hladem a cholerou.\u00a0Kdy\u017e byly kone\u010dn\u011b odblokov\u00e1ny hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavy zem\u011b a vzdu\u0161n\u00fd most do Maribu a Jemenci mohli p\u0159ij\u00edmat humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc, probl\u00e9m se t\u00edm pln\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161il.\u00a0K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % populace st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuje humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Objevuj\u00ed se H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n

Jemen se po sjednocen\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00edho Jemenu a Severn\u00edho Jemenu v roce 1990 pono\u0159il do chaosu. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd konflikt za\u010dal sporem mezi sunnity a \u0161\u00edity v roce 2004. V Saada, m\u011bst\u011b na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Jemenu, \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 vystoupili proti sunnitsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm , kte\u0159\u00ed je podle nich utla\u010dovali z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f a byli zkorumpovan\u00ed.\u00a0N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 men\u0161ina prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee chce nez\u00e1vislost, a brzy za\u010dalo ozbrojen\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dele povst\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1l v\u016fdce \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdch im\u00e1m\u016f Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, kter\u00fd byl zabit na konci roku 2004. Proto se bojovn\u00edci hnut\u00ed nyn\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eH\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9\u201c.\u00a0Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b se v\u0161ak hnut\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eAnsar Allah\u201c (\u201eZast\u00e1nci Boha\u201c).\u00a0Po Husseinov\u011b smrti p\u0159evzal jeho post jeho bratr Abdul-Malik al-Houthi a boje pokra\u010dovaly.\u00a0Jemensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady ozna\u010dily H\u00fas\u00edje za\u00a0<\/span>\u201epro\u00edr\u00e1nskou p\u00e1tou kolonu\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0V reakci na to hnut\u00ed obvinilo jemensk\u00fd politick\u00fd establishment ze zrady a ze slu\u017eby z\u00e1jm\u016fm wahh\u00e1bistick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie.\u00a0V roce 2010 se v\u0161ak stran\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout dohody a bylo nastoleno dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0To ale netrvalo dlouho.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Hussein al-Houthi.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V letech 2010-2011 se s\u00e9rie revolu\u010dn\u00edch povst\u00e1n\u00ed takzvan\u00e9ho arabsk\u00e9ho jara roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9m Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b Jemenu.\u00a0Tis\u00edce rozhn\u011bvan\u00fdch obyvatel vy\u0161ly do ulic a po\u017eadovaly rezignaci prezidenta Al\u00edho Abdull\u00e1ha Saleha, kter\u00fd zemi vl\u00e1dl 33 let.\u00a0Prezident pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho vzdoroval a p\u0159e\u017eil i pokus o atent\u00e1t, ale nakonec byl nucen rezignovat.\u00a0V listopadu 2011, kdy\u017e byl v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, Saleh rezignoval.\u00a0V \u00fanoru 2012 byl prezidentem zvolen prosaudsk\u00fd Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.\u00a0Mimochodem, tvrzen\u00ed H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f, \u017ee Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie zasahovala do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Jemenu, nejsou v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nepodlo\u017een\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arabsk\u00e9 jaro kon\u010d\u00ed, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/span><\/h2>\n

Salehova rezignace a n\u00e1stup nov\u00e9ho v\u016fdce k moci rozhodn\u011b probl\u00e9my zem\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161ily.\u00a0Naopak, terorist\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlili a zv\u00fd\u0161ila se korupce, rostl po\u010det chud\u00fdch a nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch osob.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Uprost\u0159ed nen\u00e1visti a ob\u010dansk\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f se H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 znovu chopili zbran\u011b a tentokr\u00e1t bojovali nejen proti \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 proti militant\u016fm Al-K\u00e1idy, stran\u011b Al-Islah (m\u00edstn\u00ed verze \u201aMuslimsk\u00e9ho bratrstva\u2018), a dal\u0161\u00ed radik\u00e1ly.\u00a0Nov\u011b zvolen\u00fd prezident, kter\u00fd necht\u011bl navazovat dialog s H\u00fas\u00edy, jen p\u0159ilil olej do ohn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem bylo, \u017ee v l\u00e9t\u011b 2014 bojovn\u00edci Ansar Allah ovl\u00e1dli severn\u00ed provincie Amran a Saada a zbavili je terorist\u016f.\u00a0Kdy\u017e H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 dos\u00e1hli hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Sanaa, Hadi byl nucen uprchnout do Adenu.\u00a0Kdy\u017e se Adenu zmocnili tak\u00e9 \u0161\u00edit\u00e9, jemensk\u00fd prezident uprchl do Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mimochodem, svr\u017een\u00fd prezident zpo\u010d\u00e1tku st\u00e1l na stran\u011b H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f.\u00a0Navzdory \u010detn\u00fdm pokus\u016fm nep\u0159\u00e1tel rozb\u00edt jejich spojenectv\u00ed se spolupr\u00e1ce mezi Salehem a H\u00fas\u00edy zd\u00e1la b\u00fdt docela siln\u00e1 \u2013 alespo\u0148 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Do hry vstupuje Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f na bitevn\u00edm poli nevyhnala Hadiho ze zem\u011b jen tak.\u00a0Silnou reakci vyvolaly tak\u00e9 v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii.\u00a0V b\u0159eznu 2015 Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ozn\u00e1milo zah\u00e1jen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace proti organizaci Ansar Allah, kterou nyn\u00ed prohl\u00e1silo za teroristickou organizaci.\u00a0Spojena my\u0161lenkou \u201eshiafobie\u201c byla vytvo\u0159ena arabsk\u00e1 koalice, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala Katar, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, Jord\u00e1nsko, Bahrajn, Kuvajt, Severn\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n, Egypt a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji z\u00e1stupci Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho programu OSN (WFP) obvinili Rij\u00e1d z humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed krize v Jemenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie by m\u011bla financovat 100 procent [pot\u0159eb] humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed krize v Jemenu,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel WFP David Beasley.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eBu\u010f zastavit v\u00e1lku, nebo financovat krizi.\u00a0T\u0159et\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je ud\u011blat oboj\u00ed.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Konec aliance Saleh-Houthi<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u201eTo tak\u00e9 pomine\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 tato slova byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyryta na prstenu kr\u00e1le \u0160alamouna.\u00a0A toto po\u0159ekadlo se op\u011bt potvrdilo.\u00a0Saleh a H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 \u2013 kte\u0159\u00ed kdysi bojovali bok po boku proti zahrani\u010dn\u00ed intervenci a \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm \u2013 se nakonec stali zaho\u0159kl\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli.\u00a0To v\u0161ak nebylo p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9.\u00a0B\u00fdval\u00fd prezident tou\u017eil znovu z\u00edskat moc a choval se k H\u00fas\u00ed\u016fm v\u00fdhradn\u011b jako k situa\u010dn\u00edm spojenc\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

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SOUBOR FOTOGRAFIE.\u00a0B\u00fdval\u00fd jemensk\u00fd prezident Ali Abdullah Saleh.\u00a0\u00a9 Mohammed HUWAIS \/ AFP<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V listopadu 2017 se hnut\u00ed Ansar Allah pokusilo zatknout Saleha a jeho rodinu.\u00a0Stran\u00e1m se tehdy poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout dohody.\u00a0Pak ale mezi stranami vypukl ozbrojen\u00fd konflikt.\u00a0Saleh nazval H\u00fas\u00edje \u201erebely\u201c a obvinil je z podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Vyzval tak\u00e9 Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii, aby zru\u0161ila blok\u00e1du a zah\u00e1jila dialog.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boje si vy\u017e\u00e1daly \u017eivoty stovek lid\u00ed z obou stran.\u00a0S\u00e1m Saleh byl zavra\u017ed\u011bn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u00e1lka a bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou Jemenc\u016fm ciz\u00ed.\u00a0Odolaly tlaku sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed a s pomoc\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu vojensky pos\u00edlily.\u00a0Navzdory sv\u00fdm modern\u00edm zbran\u00edm a zna\u010dn\u00fdm investic\u00edm do tohoto \u00fasil\u00ed nebyla koalice proti H\u00fat\u00ed\u016fm schopna porazit Ansar All\u00e1ha.\u00a0Skupin\u011b se dokonce poda\u0159ilo zorganizovat jednotky protiraketov\u00e9 obrany, za\u00fato\u010dit na oblast pobl\u00ed\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho leti\u0161t\u011b v Rij\u00e1du a zas\u00e1hnout sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny.<\/span><\/p>\n

A nyn\u00ed jemen\u0161t\u00ed H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 vzdoruj\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a Izraeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00daVODN\u00cd FOTOGRAFIE:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0160\u00edit\u0161t\u00ed bojovn\u00edci, zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9, jezd\u00ed na hl\u00eddkov\u00e9m voze a skanduj\u00ed hesla b\u011bhem kmenov\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje podporu hnut\u00ed H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f v jemensk\u00e9m Sanaa.\u00a0\u00a9\u00a0\u00a0AP Photo\/Hani Mohammed<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Abbas\u00a0 Juma<\/strong>\u00a0, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159, politick\u00fd koment\u00e1tor, specialista na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a Afriku<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Abbas<\/a><\/div>\n
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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Za 20 let existence si H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9 zvykli na neust\u00e1l\u00e9 boje za svou \u0161\u00editskou v\u00edru a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44685,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,6184,1400],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44684"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44686,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44684\/revisions\/44686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}