{"id":43911,"date":"2024-01-04T00:33:18","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T23:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=43911"},"modified":"2024-01-03T20:11:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T19:11:03","slug":"zbynek-fiala-cas-leti-a-teplota-stoupa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/04\/zbynek-fiala-cas-leti-a-teplota-stoupa\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: \u010cas let\u00ed a teplota stoup\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny jsou skute\u010dnou hrozbou, ale obrana z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast v nov\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zemsk\u00fd sklen\u00edk funguje. Mno\u017estv\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e se zvy\u0161uje a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota stoup\u00e1. V\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce bylo vypu\u0161t\u011bno do atmosf\u00e9ry 36,8 miliardy tun uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch emis\u00ed z\u00a0fosiln\u00edch paliv, co\u017e je o cel\u00e9 jedno procento v\u00edc ne\u017e rok p\u0159edt\u00edm. Z\u00a0dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pohledu u\u017e ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e stagnuje, ale po\u0159\u00e1d je skoro dvakr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku\u00a080. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.globalcarbonproject.org\/carbonbudget\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Mati\u010dkou Zem\u00ed cloum\u00e1 p\u011bkn\u00e1 hore\u010dka. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce byla skoro o cel\u00fd jeden stupe\u0148 Celsia vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byl pr\u016fm\u011br let 1991\u20132000, jak ukazuje obr\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n

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Oby\u010dejn\u011b porovn\u00e1v\u00e1me glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty s\u00a0obdob\u00edm p\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou revoluc\u00ed, pak byly v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m listopadu o 1,5 procenta v\u00fd\u0161e. Vystoupaly tedy na hranici, kterou jsme podle Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch dohod nikdy nem\u011bli p\u0159ekro\u010dit. Kvalitn\u00ed v\u00fdklad, pro\u010d je takov\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, nab\u00edz\u00ed web Fakta o klimatu. V\u00a0\u010cesku je to ke v\u0161emu je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m ne\u017e jinde, proto\u017ee u n\u00e1s se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota zvy\u0161uje rychleji. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota na\u0161\u00ed vlasti se zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 2,1 stupn\u011b Celsia jen od roku 1961.<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/faktaoklimatu.cz\/infografiky\/teplota-cr<\/a><\/p>\n

Ledovce taj\u00ed, ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kanadsk\u00e9 lesy zamo\u0159ily d\u00fdmem Severn\u00ed Ameriku, Libye se topila v\u00a0povodn\u00edch, V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriku mu\u010dilo u\u017e p\u00e1t\u00fdm rokem sucho, vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 pohromy Casey Crownhart ve sv\u00e9m skv\u011bl\u00e9m bulletinu The Spark z\u00a0d\u00edlny\u00a0MIT Technology Review<\/em>,. J\u00e1 bych dodal, \u017ee u n\u00e1s bylo loni d\u00edlem hnusn\u011b a d\u00edlem nesnesiteln\u011b vedro. F\u0148uk\u00e1n\u00ed nepom\u016f\u017ee, a tak se n\u00e1s autor sna\u017e\u00ed povzbudit t\u00edm, \u017ee lo\u0148sk\u00fd rok p\u0159inesl i povzbudiv\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. Opravdu!<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/12\/20\/1085731\/good-climate-change-news-2023\/<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, nejde o likvidaci pr\u016fmyslu, ale o jeho zm\u011bnu. Pro n\u00e1s je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0sektoru automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed 9 procent \u010desk\u00e9ho HDP \u010cR, \u010dtvrtinu na\u0161eho exportu a v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu zpracovatelsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/autosap.cz\/zakladni-prehledy-automotive\/obecne-zakladni-prehledy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Podle agentury BloombergNEF, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na p\u0159echod k\u00a0bezuhl\u00edkat\u00e9 ekonomice, letos m\u00e1 stoupnout pod\u00edl elektromobil\u016f v\u00a0prodej\u00edch nov\u00fdch voz\u016f na 15,5 %. Na silnic\u00edch bude jezdit celkem 41 milion\u016f takov\u00fdch aut, v\u010detn\u011b hybrid\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl elektromobil\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b m\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna, kde tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtinu celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho vozov\u00e9ho parku.<\/p>\n

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Podle MIT TR se elektrick\u00e1 auta kone\u010dn\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00ed mainstreamem. Tak\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed se meziro\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila o v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 %. A zat\u00edmco roku 2022 jejich ceny m\u00edrn\u011b vzrostly, v roce 2023 op\u011bt klesaly, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed pokles od roku 2018. Evropsk\u00e1 unie i Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie u\u017e rozhodly, \u017ee od roku 2035 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt bez emis\u00ed v\u0161echna nov\u011b prod\u00e1van\u00e1 osobn\u00ed vozidla. Stejnou politiku p\u0159ijalo i n\u011bkolik st\u00e1t\u016f v USA, v \u010dele s\u00a0Kaliforni\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bnil se i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed boj o automobilov\u00fd trh. Ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 automobilka BYD poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edstihla spole\u010dnost Tesla a stala se nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem elektromobil\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jen za t\u011bch \u010dtvrt roku prodala 526 000 elektromobil\u016f, o 41 tis\u00edc v\u00edc ne\u017e Tesla. V\u00a0celoro\u010dn\u00edch prodej\u00edch Tesla st\u00e1le vede s\u00a01,81 milionu kus\u016f, ale vedle celoro\u010dn\u00ed statistiky BYD s\u00a0prodejem 1,6 milionu elektrick\u00fdch aut je t\u0159eba vid\u011bt tak\u00e9 strhuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fstov\u00e9 tempo \u2013 meziro\u010dn\u011b to bylo o 70 procent v\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Zd\u016frazn\u011bme, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o vysok\u00e9 tempo r\u016fstu p\u0159i velk\u00fdch objemech. A \u017ee to nen\u00ed jenom v\u00fdroba, ale i prodej. A \u017ee to nen\u00ed jedin\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 automobilka, kter\u00e1 pror\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00fd trh. O \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 auta je z\u00e1jem. Je to lavina, se kterou si neporad\u00edme, kdy\u017e se pokus\u00edme b\u011b\u017eet opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Bu\u010f dos\u00e1hneme srovnateln\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, nebo to trhy odm\u00edtnou.<\/p>\n

Je tu taky z\u00e1vod pen\u011bz. V\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce byly vlo\u017eeny rekordn\u00ed objemy investic do obnoviteln\u00fdch energi\u00ed, mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e do fosiln\u00edch, a tento rozd\u00edl se tak\u00e9 prudce zv\u011bt\u0161uje. U\u017e roku 2022 byly poprv\u00e9 investice do sol\u00e1rn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren o fous v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e investice do ropy. Podle Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 agentury IEA \u010dinily celkov\u00e9 investice do \u010dist\u00e9 energie 1,7 bilionu dolar\u016f (tis\u00edce miliard) z celkov\u00fdch investic do energetiky 2,8 bilionu dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/06\/01\/1073799\/the-world-is-finally-spending-more-on-solar-than-oil-production\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Do t\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 energie se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 i j\u00e1dro. Dopl\u0148me tedy, \u017ee v\u00a0USA se kone\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo spustit na pln\u00fd v\u00fdkon jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu Vogtle ve st\u00e1t\u011b Georgia. Stalo se to o sedm let pozd\u011bji, ne\u017e bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no a st\u00e1lo to o 17 miliard dolar\u016f v\u00edc, ne\u017e byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed rozpo\u010det.<\/p>\n

O p\u016fvodn\u00ed stavb\u011b se rozhodlo roku 2009 a byla kryta feder\u00e1ln\u00ed garanc\u00ed 8,33 miliardy dolar\u016f. Stavba za\u010dala roku 2012. M\u011bla to b\u00fdt rychl\u00e1 a relativn\u011b levn\u00e1 modul\u00e1rn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna, jak\u00e1si skl\u00e1da\u010dka, ale to byla iluze. Prudk\u00fd r\u016fst n\u00e1klad\u016f polo\u017eil dodavatele, americkou spole\u010dnost Westinghouse, tehdy sou\u010d\u00e1st japonsk\u00e9 Toshiby. Japonci pak ze spojen\u00ed rychle vycouvali a rad\u011bji se vykoupili za 5,9 miliardy dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Roku 2017 stavbu p\u0159evzal st\u00e1t Georgia, to u\u017e po\u010d\u00edtal s\u00a025 miliardami dolar\u016f. M\u011bla mu to usnadnit Trumpova administrativa, kter\u00e1 nav\u00fd\u0161ila \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 garance pro projekt na 12 miliard dolar\u016f. Mezit\u00edm v\u0161ak za\u010dali b\u00fdt zoufal\u00ed smluvn\u00ed odb\u011bratel\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e s\u00a0touto elekt\u0159inou po\u010d\u00edtali. A do toho pandemie. Dostavba se st\u00e1le odkl\u00e1dala.<\/p>\n

Roku 2023 nakonec jsou dva nov\u00e9 bloky hotovy, ale za 31 miliardu dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/georgia-nuclear-power-plant-vogtle-rates-costs-75c7a413cda3935dd551be9115e88a64<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdo to zaplat\u00ed? Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9? St\u00e1t Georgia? Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da? Spory u soud\u016f u\u017e b\u011b\u017e\u00ed a nejsp\u00ed\u0161 se povle\u010dou.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny jsou skute\u010dnou hrozbou, ale obrana z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast v nov\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluci. Zemsk\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,285,873,29,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43911"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43912,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43911\/revisions\/43912"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}