{"id":43716,"date":"2024-01-02T00:33:39","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T23:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=43716"},"modified":"2024-01-01T16:52:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-01T15:52:21","slug":"analyza-je-izraelska-armada-tak-vojensky-uspesna-jak-tvrdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/01\/02\/analyza-je-izraelska-armada-tak-vojensky-uspesna-jak-tvrdi\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza: Je izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da tak vojensky \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, jak tvrd\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kdy\u017e vstupujeme do roku 2024, izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da si m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipsat ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy ve v\u00e1lce v Gaze \u2013 a tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat se selh\u00e1n\u00edmi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Koordinovan\u00e9, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9, smrt\u00edc\u00ed a brut\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatoky Hamasu ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna byly pro izraelskou spole\u010dnost \u0161okem.\u00a0Obrann\u00e9, zpravodajsk\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed organizace zem\u011b \u2013 zdroje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti \u2013 byly p\u0159isti\u017eeny nev\u011bdomky a nep\u0159ipraven\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednali pomalu a neadekv\u00e1tn\u011b, s pon\u00ed\u017een\u00edm cel\u00e9ho establishmentu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 reakce byla v souladu s izraelskou vojenskou doktr\u00ednou siln\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f proti d\u0159\u00edve ur\u010den\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm.\u00a0Trvalo n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, ne\u017e se v\u0161ichni se\u0161li, vytvo\u0159ili nouzovou vl\u00e1du jednoty (kter\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou sjednotila bojovn\u00e9 pravi\u010d\u00e1ky) a vyhl\u00e1sili obrovskou mobilizaci 360 000 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

O t\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji, uprost\u0159ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho nerozli\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159e\u0161la izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da do Gazy.\u00a0Pot\u00e9, b\u011bhem v\u00edce ne\u017e dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozemn\u00edho boje, arm\u00e1da roz\u0159ezala Gazu na t\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti, obklopila m\u011bsto Gaza a izolovala Ch\u00e1na Younise.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina Palestinc\u016f uprchla na jih, kde se nyn\u00ed t\u00edsn\u00ed v Rafahu v nesnesiteln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izrael tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee a\u010dkoli dosud neporazil Ham\u00e1s, je bl\u00edzko sv\u00e9mu proklamovan\u00e9mu c\u00edli a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ezlikvidoval\u201c 8 500 bojovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukazov\u00e1n\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v\u0161ak bylo v mnoha aspektech ozbrojen\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 reakce velmi nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdkon: Selh\u00e1n\u00ed ne, ale daleko k \u00fasp\u011bchu<\/span><\/h2>\n

Z \u010dist\u011b vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska Izrael dos\u00e1hl ur\u010dit\u00e9ho stupn\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu.\u00a0Prov\u00e1d\u011blo slo\u017eit\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu, rozhodn\u011b nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, a to t\u00edm, \u017ee postupovalo plynule \u2013 p\u0159esto p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 opatrn\u011b a pomalu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Centra m\u011bsta Gaza a Khan Younis jsou obkl\u00ed\u010dena na zemi, ale arm\u00e1d\u011b se zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo zne\u0161kodnit bojuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotky Hamasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m bitevn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b integrovala mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch jednotek r\u016fzn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, v\u00fdcviku a zku\u0161enost\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b nep\u0159ebern\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch jednotek, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo gener\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0161t\u00e1bu mimo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo brig\u00e1dn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec velen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato slo\u017eit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f v p\u0159edn\u00edch lini\u00edch, aby se koordinovali a p\u0159ede\u0161li mo\u017en\u00e9mu zmatku.\u00a0Mezi 172 dosud zabit\u00fdmi izraelsk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky je pod\u00edl vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch podd\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f neobvykle vysok\u00fd, ale po\u010det d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli v bitv\u011b, je ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed, mezi mrtv\u00fdmi jsou ne m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i \u0159\u00e1dn\u00ed plukovn\u00edci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ztr\u00e1ty Hamasu jsou rozhodn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tvrd\u00ed Izrael.\u00a0Obez\u0159etn\u00fd odhad by k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni uv\u00e1d\u011bl 3 500 bojovn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 20 procent frontov\u00e9 linie.\u00a0To by znamenalo pom\u011br 20 zabit\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f Hamasu na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho izraelsk\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka.<\/span><\/p>\n

V klasick\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed by ka\u017ed\u00fd gener\u00e1l s radost\u00ed p\u0159ijal tento pom\u011br jako jist\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.\u00a0Ne v\u0161ak v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce.\u00a0Bojovn\u00edci Ham\u00e1su jsou ideologicky a n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivov\u00e1ni a nuceni ignorovat smrt;\u00a0padl\u00ed jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za mu\u010dedn\u00edky, co\u017e posiluje v\u011bc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu izraelsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 je siln\u011b militarizovan\u00e1 \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd, krom\u011b ultran\u00e1bo\u017eenc\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed v arm\u00e1d\u011b \u2013 m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed toleranci ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m sv\u00fdch lid\u00ed.\u00a0Izraelci nevid\u00ed hmatateln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky smrti sv\u00fdch syn\u016f, man\u017eel\u016f a bratr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

O postoji ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m asi nejl\u00e9pe sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed fakt, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>brig\u00e1da Golani<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jedna z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejvyznamenan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jednotek arm\u00e1dy, byla sta\u017eena z boj\u016f pot\u00e9, co v boji zahynulo 72 jej\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 tvrdily svou drtivou vojenskou (a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed) p\u0159evahu, postr\u00e1daly bu\u010f schopnosti, nebo ochotu rozhodn\u011b zni\u010dit s\u00ed\u0165 tunel\u016f Hamasu.\u00a0Navzdory tomu, \u017ee Izraelci prok\u00e1zali mistrovstv\u00ed v technologii\u00a0<\/span>zaplavov\u00e1n\u00ed tunel\u016f mo\u0159skou vodou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, tuto taktiku je\u0161t\u011b nevyu\u017eili.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osvobozen\u00ed zajatc\u016f: Zl\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Krom\u011b zni\u010den\u00ed Hamasu bylo dal\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm proklamovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem izraelsk\u00e9 invaze do Gazy osvobozen\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch zajatc\u016f.\u00a0Nejen\u017ee tohoto c\u00edle nebylo dosa\u017eeno, ale Izraeli se poda\u0159ilo zab\u00edt t\u0159i zajatce, kte\u0159\u00ed se pokusili vzd\u00e1t se.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00e1 technika: Velmi dobr\u00e1, ale nerozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon<\/span><\/h2>\n

V mnoha aspektech vojensk\u00e9 technologie je izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u016fdce.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina jeho hardwaru a softwaru pln\u00ed vysok\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, co\u017e jist\u011b podpo\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd export a pom\u016f\u017ee alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kompenzovat ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1klady v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 zbran\u011b a syst\u00e9my byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b integrov\u00e1ny se star\u00fdmi.\u00a0Obrn\u011bn\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 vozidlo Eitan vyroben\u00e9 v Izraeli bylo bez probl\u00e9m\u016f nasazeno do akce rok p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm zaveden\u00edm do bojov\u00fdch jednotek.\u00a0Nov\u00e9 produkty, jako je inteligentn\u00ed minomet\u00a0<\/span>Iron Sting<\/span><\/a> a mal\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kvadrokopt\u00e9ry, se uk\u00e1zaly jako cenn\u00e9 p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ztr\u00e1t v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch boj\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed produkty prok\u00e1zaly svou v\u0161estrannost a staly se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi: kamery mal\u00fdch t\u011bl a va\u010dky zbran\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed nasazeny ve v\u0161ech t\u00fdmech;\u00a0psi s \u017eiv\u00fdmi kamerami roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili mo\u017enosti pr\u016fzkumu uvnit\u0159 budov podez\u0159el\u00fdch z n\u00e1stra\u017en\u00fdch past\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm nepochybn\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy je uchov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 datov\u00e9 komunikace v tajnosti, \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase \u2013 ze strany Ham\u00e1su nebyl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1znak kompromisu.\u00a0Ji\u017e osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd protiraketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Iron Dome je nad\u00e1le spolehliv\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen n\u011bkolik zbran\u00ed m\u011blo probl\u00e9my, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad velmi propagovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m aktivn\u00ed ochrany obrn\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel Trophy, kter\u00fd se uk\u00e1zal jako sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v boji na bl\u00edzko.\u00a0Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u011bj st\u00e1lo izraelskou arm\u00e1du v prvn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch bitvy n\u011bkolik ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale k\u0159ivka u\u010den\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy byla strm\u00e1 a stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany tanku Merkava shora byla n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed aplikov\u00e1na rychle a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b.\u00a0Navzdory opera\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fasp\u011bchu arm\u00e1dy se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z jej\u00edch technologi\u00ed neprok\u00e1zala jako skute\u010dn\u00fd hern\u00ed p\u0159evrat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Public relations: P\u0159es ve\u0161kerou snahu katastrofa<\/span><\/h2>\n

Notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e1 drtiv\u00e1 izraelsk\u00e1 propagandistick\u00e1 ma\u0161in\u00e9rie se velmi usilovn\u011b sna\u017eila prodat svou ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed linii, ale s omezen\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem.\u00a0Ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Hamasu za \u201eteroristy\u201c se uchytilo ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1padn\u00edho sv\u011bta \u2013 ne tolik ve zbytku planety.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee pokusy p\u0159irovnat Ham\u00e1s k ISIL (ISIS), \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na na arabsk\u00fd a isl\u00e1msk\u00fd sv\u011bt a pos\u00edlen\u00e9 izraelsk\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm podplukovn\u00edkem Avichayem Adraeem k arabsk\u00e9mu sv\u011btu, \u017ealostn\u011b selhaly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm Izraele byl pokus p\u0159im\u011bt sv\u011bt, aby uv\u011b\u0159il tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eIzrael se zav\u00e1zal minimalizovat \u0161kody na civiln\u00edm obyvatelstvu a dodr\u017eovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokonce i sami Izraelci tato tvrzen\u00ed zpochybnili.\u00a0Videa \u00fadajn\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f Ham\u00e1su, kter\u00e1 ukazovala mu\u017ee \u2013 mnoz\u00ed z nich m\u011bli nadv\u00e1hu, nezp\u016fsobil\u00ed a star\u0161\u00ed 40 let \u2013, jak se vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m svle\u010den\u00ed do spodn\u00edho pr\u00e1dla, byla k sm\u00edchu a nakonec pok\u00e1r\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e1 k dehumanizaci Palestinc\u016f, jako je jejich popis jako\u00a0<\/span>\u201elidsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, u\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 \u2013 mimo jin\u00e9 \u2013 izraelsk\u00fdm gener\u00e1lmajorem Ghassanem Aslianem, ironicky dr\u00fazsk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edkem, vedla sp\u00ed\u0161e k odporu ne\u017e k solidarit\u011b.\u00a0Dr\u00fazov\u00e9 jsou arabsk\u00e1 men\u0161inov\u00e1 skupina, kter\u00e1 \u010delila diskriminaci v Izraeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm izraelsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 kampan\u011b v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jej\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e1, nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 a brut\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00e1 reakce \u2013 reakce, kter\u00e1 zabila des\u00edtky tis\u00edc civilist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo bude z\u00e1viset na tom, kolik bojovn\u00edk\u016f Ham\u00e1su je mezi 21 800 dosud zabit\u00fdmi.\u00a0Pokud je pravdiv\u00e9 izraelsk\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed o 8 500 bojovn\u00edkech Hamasu, st\u00e1le by to znamenalo, \u017ee bylo zabito 13 300 civilist\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b 8 600 d\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0Pokud Ham\u00e1s ztratil 4 000 lid\u00ed \u2013 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euji za mnohem d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 po\u010det civilist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zabiti \u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uje 17 000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto \u010d\u00edslo je za jak\u00fdchkoli podm\u00ednek pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 mnoha lidmi na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee kdykoli a jakkoli v\u00e1lka skon\u010d\u00ed, tito mrtv\u00ed civilist\u00e9 se vr\u00e1t\u00ed a budou stra\u0161it cel\u00fd Izrael.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed fotografie<\/strong>: Izraelsk\u00fd voj\u00e1k operuje v p\u00e1smu Gazy uprost\u0159ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho konfliktu mezi Izraelem a palestinskou skupinou Hamas, prosinec 2023 [Izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da\/Handout via Reuters]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Autor:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Zoran Kusovac<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e vstupujeme do roku 2024, izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da si m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipsat ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy ve v\u00e1lce v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,80,107],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43716"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}