{"id":43516,"date":"2023-12-30T00:32:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T23:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=43516"},"modified":"2023-12-29T14:40:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T13:40:04","slug":"zacina-se-cely-bankovni-system-zadrhavat-americky-bankovni-system-se-otrasa-proc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/30\/zacina-se-cely-bankovni-system-zadrhavat-americky-bankovni-system-se-otrasa-proc\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se cel\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zadrh\u00e1vat? Americk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1. Pro\u010d?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jak lze popsat n\u00e1\u0161 sou\u010dasn\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m?<\/span><\/p>\n

Podob\u00e1 se obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 pyramid\u011b s vrcholem dole a \u0161irokou z\u00e1kladnou naho\u0159e.\u00a0Pokud fouk\u00e1 by\u0165 jen slab\u00fd v\u00edtr, cel\u00e1 pyramida se zhrout\u00ed.\u00a0\u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pyramida, t\u00edm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1d.\u00a0Sakra, to nepot\u0159ebuje ani z\u00e1van v\u011btru.\u00a0Tato spole\u010dnost je tak nestabiln\u00ed, jak si jen lze p\u0159edstavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je to jako kdy\u017e mu\u017e nos\u00ed deseticentimetrov\u00e9 podpatky.\u00a0Kdy\u017e se na to pod\u00edv\u00e1te pod \u00fahlem, spadne (\u017eeny maj\u00ed s no\u0161en\u00edm takov\u00fdch bot mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed praxi).\u00a0Nemus\u00edte se na n\u011bj ani pod\u00edvat a on spadne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je to jako kdy\u017e mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b poprv\u00e9 nasedne na kolo bez tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch kole\u010dek.\u00a0Je to, jako by n\u011bkdo \u0161el poprv\u00e9 na ch\u016fd\u00e1ch.\u00a0Je to jako v\u00e1\u0161 prvn\u00ed pokus na jednokolce.\u00a0Je to jako v\u00e1\u0161 prvn\u00ed pokus j\u00edt po lan\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1pe\u0161, na co nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edm?\u00a0Bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m kol\u00eds\u00e1 a kol\u00eds\u00e1.\u00a0pro\u010d tomu tak je?<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee jde o syst\u00e9m vklad\u016f na po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi rezervami.<\/span><\/p>\n

co to je?\u00a0Pan Apple p\u0159ijde do banky a vlo\u017e\u00ed 100 dolar\u016f.\u00a0Banka mu v t\u00e9to v\u00fd\u0161i poskytne vklad na po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Co to znamen\u00e1?\u00a0Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee A m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo kdykoli vybrat a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky, tj. 100 USD (za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee je banka otev\u0159en\u00e1), nebo kdykoli vystavit platn\u00fd \u0161ek na tuto \u010d\u00e1stku a banka je ze z\u00e1kona povinna tento \u0161ek proplatit. .<\/span><\/p>\n

Co te\u010f banka s pen\u011bzi ud\u011bl\u00e1?\u00a0Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee pom\u011br rezerv je 10 %, p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed panu Ban\u00e1novi 90 dolar\u016f a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 10 dolar\u016f si ponech\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m trezoru.\u00a0Co to znamen\u00e1?\u00a0\u00dapln\u011b stejn\u011b jako p\u0159edt\u00edm.\u00a0Pan Ban\u00e1n m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed v bance tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u00fa\u010det a m\u016f\u017ee si tyto pen\u00edze libovoln\u011b vyb\u00edrat, a to a\u017e do hodnoty dev\u00edti desetidolarov\u00fdch bankovek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vid\u00edte ten probl\u00e9m?\u00a0Banka m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed pod kontrolou aktiva ve v\u00fd\u0161i 100 USD v hotovosti (plus sm\u011bnka) a z\u00e1vazky ve v\u00fd\u0161i 190 USD.\u00a0D\u0159\u00edve bylo v ob\u011bhu 100 dolar\u016f, nyn\u00ed je to 190 dolar\u016f.\u00a0Pokud pan Banana vlo\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze do druh\u00e9 banky se stejn\u00fdm pom\u011brem rezerv a bude pokra\u010dovat v s\u00e9rii, v ekonomice bude nakonec 1 000 USD, v\u0161e na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edch 100 USD (90 USD + 81 USD + 72 USD + 63 USD atd.).<\/span><\/p>\n

Mluvte o Jell-O.\u00a0Jak se to v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017ee zhroutit?\u00a0Velmi snadn\u00e9.\u00a0Jedin\u00e9, co mus\u00ed pan Apple a pan Banana ud\u011blat, je po\u017eadovat od banky v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 dolar\u016f ze sv\u00fdch pen\u011bz.\u00a0Banka nem\u016f\u017ee dost\u00e1t sv\u00fdm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm.\u00a0V\u00e1\u0161 bankrot je pak z\u0159ejm\u00fd.\u00a0(V\u00edce o tomto argumentu viz Bankovnictv\u00ed frak\u010dn\u00edch rezerv: Interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed perspektiva od Waltera Blocka).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, krom\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch incident\u016f se Silicon Valley Bank, pro\u010d se bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt tak stabiln\u00ed?\u00a0Existuje pro to mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f, ale jeden je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed korporace pro poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vklad\u016f (FDIC) p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 bankovn\u00ed komunit\u011b vysoce uzn\u00e1vanou nab\u00eddku: Pokud banka pod jej\u00ed jurisdikc\u00ed nebude n\u011bkdy schopna dost\u00e1t sv\u00fdm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm, tento m\u011bnov\u00fd org\u00e1n j\u00ed zaru\u010d\u00ed vklady alespo\u0148 do v\u00fd\u0161e 250 000 USD. a jak jsme vid\u011bli v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Silicon Valley Bank (domov high-tech wokist\u016f), bez skute\u010dn\u00e9ho stropu.\u00a0Dokud tomu lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, syst\u00e9m se nezhrout\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pokud bude muset FDIC zas\u00e1hnout, ne v m\u00ed\u0159e, v jak\u00e9 je tomu nyn\u00ed (alespo\u0148 kdy\u017e p\u00ed\u0161u tento \u010dl\u00e1nek), ale v mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, pak by to mohlo v\u00e9st k hyperinflaci, jakou za\u017eilo N\u011bmecko v roce 1923.\u00a0Pak je opravdu v\u0161e ztraceno.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed popis na\u0161eho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je tedy nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd.\u00a0Situace je mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Nen\u00ed to tak, \u017ee se jednokolk\u00e1\u0159, provazochodec, obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 pyramida nebo ch\u016fda\u0159 p\u0159evrhne a snese s sebou p\u00e1r stovek nebo tis\u00edc z\u00e1visl\u00fdch.\u00a0To je skute\u010dn\u011b pravda.\u00a0Nav\u00edc jako by v\u0161ichni viseli na lan\u011b a pokud jeden z nich spadne, jsou v ohro\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ichni, tedy cel\u00e1 ekonomika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak by fungovalo bankovnictv\u00ed, kdyby neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervy?\u00a0Velmi snadn\u00e9.\u00a0Pak by bankovnictv\u00ed bylo jako krej\u010dovstv\u00ed.\u00a0Co d\u011bl\u00e1 krej\u010d\u00ed?\u00a0D\u011bl\u00e1 dv\u011b v\u011bci.\u00a0Nejprve na mikro\u00farovni shroma\u017e\u010fuje mal\u00e9 kousky nit\u00ed, aby vytvo\u0159ila v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tkaninu.\u00a0Nebo za druh\u00e9, na makro\u00farovni k n\u011bmu n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijde s obrovsk\u00fdm kusem materi\u00e1lu a on ho roz\u0159e\u017ee na men\u0161\u00ed kousky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak by tomu bylo i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b racion\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.\u00a0Na mikro\u00farovni by bank\u00e9\u0159 sb\u00edral drobn\u00e9 vklady od stovek nebo tis\u00edc\u016f st\u0159adatel\u016f a tyto prost\u0159edky by p\u016fj\u010doval investor\u016fm ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.\u00a0To v\u0161e by d\u011blal na z\u00e1klad\u011b term\u00ednovan\u00fdch vklad\u016f, aby m\u011bl jistotu, \u017ee pokud by o tyto vklady byla popt\u00e1vka, banka by m\u011bla pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ke spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na makroekonomick\u00e9 \u00farovni: Kdy\u017e velmi bohat\u00fd vkladatel vlo\u017e\u00ed do banky velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz, bank\u00e9\u0159 je rozd\u011bl\u00ed na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 zase p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed investor\u016fm.\u00a0Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed jeho zisk?\u00a0Ne z legalizovan\u00e9ho pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, jak je tomu dnes.\u00a0Ale sp\u00ed\u0161e z rozd\u00edlu \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb mezi vkladateli, kter\u00fdm pen\u00edze vypl\u00e1c\u00ed, a dlu\u017en\u00edky, kter\u00fdm pen\u00edze p\u016fj\u010duje.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fakolem bank je fungovat jako sklad pen\u011bz.\u00a0Lid\u00e9 sv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u00faspory bance, proto\u017ee bank\u00e9\u0159 m\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed trezor ve m\u011bst\u011b.\u00a0Ale stejn\u011b jako plat\u00edte za uskladn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1bytku, sklad neplat\u00ed v\u00e1m (p\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee sv\u016fj n\u00e1bytek pronaj\u00edm\u00e1te ostatn\u00edm a nem\u00e1te ho p\u0159ipraven\u00fd, kdy\u017e ho chcete zp\u011bt), plat\u00edte jej vy.\u00a0S bankami je to stejn\u00e9: plat\u00edte jim, abyste udr\u017eeli sv\u016fj nouzov\u00fd fond v bezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nudn\u00fd?\u00a0Nudn\u00fd?\u00a0Ale tak\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak lze popsat n\u00e1\u0161 sou\u010dasn\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m? Podob\u00e1 se obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 pyramid\u011b s vrcholem dole a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[503,90,4572],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43516\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}