{"id":4332,"date":"2021-08-26T04:22:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T02:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=4332"},"modified":"2021-08-26T04:22:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T02:22:33","slug":"silne-protilatky-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/08\/26\/silne-protilatky-deti\/","title":{"rendered":"Siln\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky d\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ministr Vojt\u011bch chce d\u011btem strkat do nosu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u0161lahouny. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed studie prokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st d\u011bt\u00ed u\u017e covid-19 m\u011bla a i bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f z\u00edskaly trvaj\u00edc\u00ed imunitu. Rou\u0161ky jsou zbyte\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se \u010de\u0161t\u00ed minist\u0159i zdravotnictv\u00ed a \u0161kolstv\u00ed vy\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed (nemaj\u00ed obranu proti zv\u016fli) a v maten\u00ed jejich rodi\u010d\u016f (nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed pravdiv\u00e9 informace), zopakuju tady v\u00fdstup z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 studie, zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed hlavn\u011b to, \u017ee d\u011bti nejsou ve vztahu k SARS-CoV-2 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n

S v\u00fdsledky studie se lze sezn\u00e1mit na webu univerzitn\u00ed kliniky Freiburg, financovalo ji zemsk\u00e9 ministerstvo v\u011bdy a v\u00fdzkumu B\u00e1denska – W\u00fcrttemberska (Uniklinik-freiburg.de, Pressemitteilungen z 23. 7. 2021). Na v\u00fdzkumu trvaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159es rok se pod\u00edleli v\u011bdci (krom\u011b Univerzity Freiburg) tak\u00e9 z univerzit v Heidelbergu, T\u00fcbingenu, Ulmu a v\u011bdci Institutu NMI v Reutlingenu.<\/p>\n

D\u011bti si proti covid-19 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed dlouhodobou imunitu (Kinder entwickeln langfristige Immunit\u00e4t gegen Covid-19). Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 infekce u d\u011bt\u00ed? Jsou p\u0159i jej\u00edm m\u00edrn\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu chr\u00e1n\u011bny? Jakou roli hraj\u00ed v pandemii?<\/p>\n

Ve studii v\u011bdci sledovali 328 rodin s nejm\u00e9n\u011b jedn\u00edm infikovan\u00fdm \u010dlenem, celkem \u0161lo o 548 d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku 6 – 14 let a 717 dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci byli vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed opakovan\u011b: 3 – 4 m\u011bs\u00edce a pak 11 – 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po infekci, a to v\u010d. ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, zda jejich protil\u00e1tky po uzdraven\u00ed jsou odoln\u00e9 proti v\u0161em nyn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdm variant\u00e1m viru.<\/p>\n

V rodin\u00e1ch s jedn\u00edm naka\u017een\u00fdm \u010dlenem se d\u011bti (34 %) nakazily zjevn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u011bji ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00ed (58 %). Navzdory tomu, \u017ee u d\u011bt\u00ed covid-19 prob\u00edhal v\u011bt\u0161inou bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f nebo jen s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky, se u nich 11 – 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po uzdraven\u00ed uk\u00e1zaly protil\u00e1tky siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dlouhodob\u011bji trvaj\u00edc\u00ed ne\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch (v pr\u016fm\u011bru). To plat\u00ed bez ohledu na to, zda m\u011bly \u010di nem\u011bly p\u0159\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n

Protil\u00e1tky u d\u011bt\u00ed jsou velmi dob\u0159e \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm variant\u00e1m viru, a to tak, \u017ee i nerozpoznateln\u011b nemocn\u00e9 d\u011bti (bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f) by m\u011bly b\u00fdt po infekci chr\u00e1n\u011bny z\u00edskanou imunitou. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 infikovan\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nemuselo b\u00fdt l\u00e9\u010deno v nemocnici.<\/p>\n

Oproti dosp\u011bl\u00fdm m\u011bly rozd\u00edln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Zat\u00edmco u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch se vyskytovaly hore\u010dka, ka\u0161el, pr\u016fjem, ztr\u00e1ta chuti, u d\u011bt\u00ed v 87 % \u0161lo jen o ztr\u00e1tu chuti, zat\u00edmco ka\u0161el a hore\u010dka se poprv\u00e9 za\u010daly objevovat a\u017e od 12 let. D\u011bti byly p\u0159i nemoci 5kr\u00e1t v\u00edce bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00ed. P\u0159esto m\u011bly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 specifick\u00fdch protil\u00e1tek a tyto protil\u00e1tky p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy d\u00e9le ne\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch (96,2 % versus 82,8 %).<\/p>\n

Protil\u00e1tky d\u011bt\u00ed byly dob\u0159e \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 proti variant\u00e1m viru, je\u017e se nyn\u00ed sleduj\u00ed (VOC), s redukc\u00ed u beta. Protil\u00e1tky byly zkoum\u00e1ny i oproti endemick\u00e9mu lidsk\u00e9mu koronaviru HCoVs, na b\u00e1zi imuno-anal\u00fdzy pro 23 lidsk\u00fdch koronavirov\u00fdch antigen\u016f v\u010d. SARS-CoV-2 a jeho variant. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu byly v \u010dervenci zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v r\u00e1mci preprintu – verze nab\u00eddnut\u00e1 k publikov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na webu univerzitn\u00ed kliniky Freiburg jsou v\u00fdstupy dostupn\u00e9 i v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/p>\n

U\u017e jsem se t\u00e9to studie dotkla ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku na tomto blogu ned\u00e1vno, v dob\u011b, kdy n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i se sna\u017eili politik\u016fm vysv\u011btlit, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba na d\u011bti a mladistv\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vat n\u00e1tlak kv\u016fli o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed – maj\u00ed s covid-19 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a jejich imunita po odezn\u011bn\u00ed infekce je spolehliv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Fakt, \u017ee pro drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu d\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed SARS \u010d. 2 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, v\u011bd\u011bl \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd epidemiolog A. Tegnell u\u017e p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm v polovin\u011b lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku (proto nezav\u00edral \u0161koly, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ne ty z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, nena\u0159izoval testov\u00e1n\u00ed bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u00fdch a nenutil d\u011btem a a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky ani dosp\u011bl\u00fdm ani rou\u0161ky). U\u017e loni v l\u00e9t\u011b zve\u0159ejnil, \u017ee u uzdraven\u00fdch z covid-19 je imunita spolehliv\u00e1: „reinfekci jsem je\u0161t\u011b neza\u017eil“.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b to potvrdil n\u011bmeck\u00fd Institut R. Kocha (po mnoha studi\u00edch trvaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159es rok jak u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, tak u d\u011bt\u00ed). Stejn\u011b tak \u0160v\u00fdcarsko po roce v\u00fdzkumu dnes v\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 v mnoha lokalit\u00e1ch nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny obyvatelstva s trvaj\u00edc\u00ed imunitou (pokud dosp\u011bl\u00ed a d\u011bti nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kozenou imunitu); \u0160v\u00fdcarsko si do leto\u0161n\u00edho jara ov\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee d\u011bti a mladistv\u00ed u\u017e ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e infekc\u00ed pro\u0161li (\u010dasto ani\u017e by o tom n\u011bkdo v\u011bd\u011bl – asi 25 % – 30 % uzdraven\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ve zkouman\u00fdch kantonech).<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti lze imunitu z\u00edskanou prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm infekce odhadovat je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fd\u0161, proto\u017ee \u00fa\u010dast ve v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159ijmou sp\u00ed\u0161e jedinci uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1kaze tolik nevystavuj\u00ed. Pokud nap\u0159. podle \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho a n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu se u 25 % d\u00e1rc\u016f krve (kte\u0159\u00ed se sv\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e nehazarduj\u00ed) na\u0161ly protil\u00e1tky, pak se p\u0159i za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u00e9 populace m\u016f\u017eeme dostat je\u0161t\u011b na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n

Ale zp\u011bt k d\u011btem: ministr A. Vojt\u011bch patrn\u011b s\u00e1m je\u0161t\u011b d\u011bti nem\u00e1, jinak by snad o n\u011bco v\u00edce zva\u017eoval rou\u0161kovat a testovat zejm\u00e9na ty men\u0161\u00ed (A. Tegnell by mu vysv\u011btlit, \u017ee rou\u0161ka u d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nad\u011blat v\u00edc \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku). Sly\u0161\u00edme \u0159e\u010di, \u017ee jde o neinvazivn\u00ed testy, ale ty maj\u00ed zpravidla ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolehlivost (v\u010d. slinov\u00e9ho PCR, nav\u00edc u bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u00fdch a p\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti nekvalitn\u00edch laborato\u0159\u00ed), a i p\u0159i fale\u0161n\u00e9 pozitivit\u011b hygienici po\u017eenou d\u00edtka na invazivn\u00ed PCR.<\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsko se nechyst\u00e1 nucen\u011b testovat bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u00e9 d\u011bti ani dosp\u011bl\u00e9, podobn\u011b tomu bude ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku (to zavedlo rou\u0161ky a\u017e v siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vln\u011b infekce s dopadem na nemocnice a jen od 12 let). Tegnell\u016fv \u00fa\u0159ad v\u00ed, \u017ee s pohybem lid\u00ed od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibydou lok\u00e1ln\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady naka\u017een\u00fdch, ale „p\u016fjde o ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve“ – v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina dosp\u011bl\u00e9 populace je o\u010dkovan\u00e1 a v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bch ostatn\u00edch je „promo\u0159ena“. (Do podzimu se snad uzdrav\u00ed ti infikovan\u00ed o\u010dkovan\u00ed, dod\u00e1v\u00e1m k tomu j\u00e1.)<\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsko i jin\u00e9 zem\u011b pozdr\u017eely o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed od 12 let. Pro\u010d, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed vakc\u00edny i o\u010dkovac\u00ed kapacity voln\u00e9? Maj\u00ed zku\u0161enost s o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm proti prase\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipce. Jedna z vakc\u00edn byla p\u0159ed deseti lety usv\u011bd\u010dena z \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f narkolepsie. Zejm\u00e9na u mladistv\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Vladim\u00edra Bo\u0161kov\u00e1<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ministr Vojt\u011bch chce d\u011btem strkat do nosu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u0161lahouny. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed studie prokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[245,213,1098,98,110],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4332"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}