{"id":42631,"date":"2023-12-16T00:36:04","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T23:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42631"},"modified":"2023-12-15T19:38:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-15T18:38:22","slug":"john-mearsheimer-smrt-a-zkaza-v-gaze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/16\/john-mearsheimer-smrt-a-zkaza-v-gaze\/","title":{"rendered":"John Mearsheimer: Smrt a zk\u00e1za v Gaze"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee cokoli, co \u0159eknu o tom, co se d\u011bje v Gaze, ovlivn\u00ed izraelskou nebo americkou politiku v tomto konfliktu. Ale chci to zaznamenat, aby a\u017e se historici ohl\u00e9dli zp\u011bt na tuto mor\u00e1ln\u00ed katastrofu, vid\u011bli, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 byli na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stran\u011b historie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

To, co Izrael d\u011bl\u00e1 palestinsk\u00fdm civilist\u016fm v Gaze \u2013 s podporou Bidenovy administrativy \u2013 je zlo\u010din proti lidskosti, kter\u00fd neslou\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu smyslupln\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 J-Street, v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 izraelsk\u00e1 lobbyistick\u00e1 organizace: \u201eRozsah rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofy a civiln\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Dovolte mi to vysv\u011btlit podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9,<\/strong>\u00a0Izrael z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b masakruje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed civilist\u016f, z nich\u017e asi 70 procent jsou d\u011bti a \u017eeny. Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee Izrael d\u011bl\u00e1 v\u0161e, co m\u016f\u017ee, aby minimalizoval civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti, je v rozporu s prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi vysok\u00fdch izraelsk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f. 10. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 mluv\u010d\u00ed IDF \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201ezam\u011b\u0159ujeme se na po\u0161kozen\u00ed a ne na p\u0159esnost\u201c. T\u00e9ho\u017e dne ministr obrany Yoav Gallant ozn\u00e1mil: \u201eSn\u00ed\u017eil jsem v\u0161echny z\u00e1brany \u2013 zabijeme ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, s k\u00fdm budeme bojovat; Pou\u017eijeme v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.\u201c<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le je z v\u00fdsledk\u016f bombardovac\u00ed kampan\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee Izrael zab\u00edj\u00ed civilisty bez rozd\u00edlu. Dv\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 studie bombardovac\u00ed kampan\u011b IDF \u2013 ob\u011b publikovan\u00e9 v izraelsk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch \u2013 podrobn\u011b popisuj\u00ed, jak Izrael zab\u00edj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed civilist\u016f. Stoj\u00ed za to uv\u00e9st n\u00e1zvy obou d\u011bl, kter\u00e9 stru\u010dn\u011b shrnuj\u00ed, co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u201aTov\u00e1rna masov\u00fdch vra\u017ed\u2018: Izraelsk\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Gazy.<\/p>\n

„Izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da upustila od omezen\u00ed v Gaze a \u00fadaje ukazuj\u00ed bezprecedentn\u00ed zab\u00edjen\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b na konci listopadu 2023 zve\u0159ejnil New York Times \u010dl\u00e1nek s n\u00e1zvem \u201eCivilist\u00e9 Gazy, pod izraelskou palbou, jsou zab\u00edjeni historick\u00fdm tempem\u201c. Nen\u00ed proto p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk OSN Antonio Guterres \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201ejsme sv\u011bdky zab\u00edjen\u00ed civilist\u016f, kter\u00e9 je bezprecedentn\u00ed a bezprecedentn\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m konfliktu od\u201c jeho jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed v lednu 2017.<\/p>\n

Zadruh\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0Izrael z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyhladov\u00ed zoufal\u00e9 palestinsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b omez\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed j\u00eddla, paliva, plynu na va\u0159en\u00ed, l\u00e9k\u016f a vody, kter\u00e9 lze do Gazy dov\u00e9zt. Krom\u011b toho je extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di pro populaci, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed zahrnuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 000 zran\u011bn\u00fdch civilist\u016f. Krom\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho omezen\u00ed dod\u00e1vek paliva do p\u00e1sma Gazy, kter\u00e9 nemocnice pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k provozu, Izrael tak\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dil na nemocnice, sanitky a stanice prvn\u00ed pomoci.<\/p>\n

Koment\u00e1\u0159 ministra obrany Gallanta z 9. \u0159\u00edjna shrnuje izraelskou politiku: \u201eNa\u0159\u00eddil jsem \u00fapln\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1sma Gazy. Nebude tam elekt\u0159ina, j\u00eddlo, palivo, v\u0161echno je zav\u0159en\u00e9. Bojujeme s lidsk\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a podle toho jedn\u00e1me.“ Izrael byl nucen povolit minim\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1silky do Gazy, ale mno\u017estv\u00ed je tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee vysok\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel OSN hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee „polovina obyvatel Gazy hladov\u00ed.“ D\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201edev\u011bt z deseti rodin v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u201acel\u00fd den a noc bez j\u00eddla\u2018.<\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0Izrael\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci mluv\u00ed \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem o Palestinc\u00edch a o tom, co cht\u011bj\u00ed d\u011blat v Gaze, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b s ohledem na to, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z t\u011bchto v\u016fdc\u016f tak\u00e9 neust\u00e1le mluv\u00ed o hr\u016fz\u00e1ch Palestinc\u016f. holocaust. Jejich r\u00e9torika vedla Omara Bartova, prominentn\u00edho izraelsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00edka holocaustu, k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Izrael m\u00e1 \u201egenocidn\u00ed \u00famysly\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed u\u010denci studuj\u00edc\u00ed holocaust a genocidu vydali podobn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Abychom byli konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee izrael\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci ozna\u010duj\u00ed Palestince jako \u201elidsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c, \u201elidsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c a \u201estra\u0161n\u00e1, nelidsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c. A jak objas\u0148uje izraelsk\u00fd prezident Isaac Herzog, tito v\u016fdci odkazuj\u00ed na v\u0161echny Palestince, nejen na Ham\u00e1s: Jeho slovy: \u201eTam venku je za to zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd cel\u00fd n\u00e1rod.\u201c Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed New York Times, p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed to nen\u00ed. \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho izraelsk\u00e9ho diskursu je po\u017eadovat, aby bylo p\u00e1smo Gazy \u201esrovn\u00e1no se zem\u00ed\u201c, \u201evymaz\u00e1no\u201c nebo \u201ezni\u010deno\u201c. Gener\u00e1l IDF ve v\u00fdslu\u017eb\u011b, kter\u00fd prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201eGaza se stane m\u00edstem, kde nem\u016f\u017ee existovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bytost\u201c, tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201et\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 epidemie v ji\u017en\u00ed Gaze p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c. Ministr izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy za\u0161el je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le a navrhl svr\u017een\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b na Gazu. Tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nepoch\u00e1zela od jednotliv\u00fdch extremist\u016f, ale od vysoce postaven\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se tak\u00e9 hodn\u011b mluv\u00ed o etnick\u00fdch \u010distk\u00e1ch Gazy (a Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu), kter\u00e9 by skute\u010dn\u011b vedly k dal\u0161\u00ed Nakb\u011b. Abych citoval izraelsk\u00e9ho ministra zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed: \u201eZav\u00e1d\u00edme Nakbu z Gazy. Snad nejv\u00edce \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edm d\u016fkazem toho, jak n\u00edzko izraelsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost klesla, je video, na kter\u00e9m velmi mal\u00e9 d\u011bti zp\u00edvaj\u00ed krvavou p\u00edse\u0148 oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed Gazy Izraelem: \u201eDo roka zni\u010d\u00edme v\u0161echny a pak se vr\u00e1t\u00edme orat sv\u00e1 pole.\u201c<\/p>\n

Za\u010dtvrt\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0Izrael nejen zab\u00edj\u00ed, zra\u0148uje a vyhladovuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed Palestinc\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 systematicky ni\u010d\u00ed jejich domovy a tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou infrastrukturu, me\u0161ity, \u0161koly, kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky, knihovny, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed budovy a nemocnice. K 1. prosinci 2023 IDF po\u0161kodila nebo zni\u010dila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 000 budov, v\u010detn\u011b cel\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00ed prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch v trosky. V d\u016fsledku toho bylo ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 90 procent z 2,3 milionu Palestinc\u016f v Gaze nuceno opustit sv\u00e9 domovy. Izrael nav\u00edc vyv\u00edj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed ke zni\u010den\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Gazy. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed NPR, v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 kulturn\u00edch m\u00edst v Gaze bylo po\u0161kozeno nebo zni\u010deno izraelsk\u00fdmi \u00fatoky.<\/p>\n

Za p\u00e1t\u00e9:<\/strong>\u00a0Izrael nejen\u017ee terorizuje a zab\u00edj\u00ed Palestince, ale tak\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b poni\u017euje mnoho jejich mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zadr\u017eeni IDF b\u011bhem rutinn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek. Izrael\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci je svl\u00e9kaj\u00ed do spodn\u00edho pr\u00e1dla, zav\u00e1\u017eou jim o\u010di a ve\u0159ejn\u011b je vystavuj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad je umis\u0165uj\u00ed do velk\u00fdch skupin uprost\u0159ed ulice nebo je vedou v pr\u016fvodu ulicemi \u2013 p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e je odvezou v kamionech do interna\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f. b\u00fdt p\u0159inesen. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsou pak v\u011bzni propu\u0161t\u011bni, proto\u017ee nejsou bojovn\u00edky Hamasu.<\/p>\n

Za \u0161est\u00e9:<\/strong>\u00a0I kdy\u017e Izraelci vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, nemohli by to ud\u011blat bez podpory Bidenovy administrativy. Nejen\u017ee byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jedinou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 hlasovala proti ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 rezoluci Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Gaze, ale tak\u00e9 poskytly Izraeli zbran\u011b nezbytn\u00e9 pro tento masakr. Jak ned\u00e1vno objasnil izraelsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l (Yitzhak Brick): \u201eV\u0161echny na\u0161e rakety, munice, p\u0159esn\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 bomby, v\u0161echna letadla a bomby, v\u0161echny poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Nem\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti… Ka\u017ed\u00fd ch\u00e1pe, \u017ee tuto v\u00e1lku nem\u016f\u017eeme v\u00e9st bez Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Obdob\u00ed.\u201c Bidenova administrativa se zejm\u00e9na pokusila poskytnout Izraeli dal\u0161\u00ed munici, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obch\u00e1zela b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 postupy z\u00e1kona o kontrole v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za sedm\u00e9:<\/strong>\u00a0I kdy\u017e se hlavn\u00ed pozornost nyn\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u00ed na p\u00e1smo Gazy, nesm\u00edme ztratit ze z\u0159etele, co se sou\u010dasn\u011b d\u011bje na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu. Izrael\u0161t\u00ed osadn\u00edci v \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci s izraelskou arm\u00e1dou pokra\u010duj\u00ed v zab\u00edjen\u00ed nevinn\u00fdch Palestinc\u016f a kraden\u00ed jejich p\u016fdy. Ve vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku v New York Review of Books popisuj\u00edc\u00edm tyto hr\u016fzy David Shulman l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed rozhovor, kter\u00fd m\u011bl s osadn\u00edkem a kter\u00fd jasn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011br chov\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele v\u016f\u010di Palestinc\u016fm. „To, co d\u011bl\u00e1me t\u011bmto lidem, je skute\u010dn\u011b nelidsk\u00e9,“ p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 osadn\u00edk svobodn\u011b, „ale pokud se nad t\u00edm zamysl\u00edte jasn\u011b, v\u0161e nevyhnuteln\u011b plyne ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee B\u016fh zasl\u00edbil tuto zemi \u017did\u016fm a pouze jim.“ s \u00fatoky na p\u00e1smo Gazy izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila po\u010det sv\u00e9voln\u00fdch zat\u010den\u00ed na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu. Podle Amnesty International existuje dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f, \u017ee tito v\u011bzni byli vystaveni mu\u010den\u00ed a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e sleduji tuto katastrofu pro Palestince, zb\u00fdv\u00e1 mi pouze jedna jednoduch\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka na izraelsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed, jeho americk\u00e9 obr\u00e1nce a Bidenovu administrativu: nem\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dnou slu\u0161nost?<\/p>\n

Fotografie:<\/strong> John Mearsheimer, profesor politologie, University of Chicago: Image Chatham House, Lond\u00fdn<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee cokoli, co \u0159eknu o tom, co se d\u011bje v Gaze, ovlivn\u00ed izraelskou nebo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[348,107,29],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42631"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42631"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42633,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42631\/revisions\/42633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}