{"id":42593,"date":"2023-12-15T00:48:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T23:48:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42593"},"modified":"2023-12-14T20:22:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T19:22:38","slug":"jan-campbell-cinske-centrum-pro-soucasna-svetova-studia-cccws-a-bri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/15\/jan-campbell-cinske-centrum-pro-soucasna-svetova-studia-cccws-a-bri\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 centrum pro sou\u010dasn\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 studia (CCCWS) a BRI"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b pod n\u00e1zvem – BRI p\u0159isp\u011bl k rozvoji ekonomick\u00e9 globalizace – https:\/\/czech.cri.cn\/2023\/12\/13\/ARTIu03qU1N8ulBp1PXgp0Mj231212.shtml<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 centrum pro sou\u010dasn\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 studia, zalo\u017een\u00e9 v srpnu 2010, je think-tank p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fd k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu odd\u011blen\u00ed \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru KS \u010c\u00edny. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako sekretari\u00e1t Asociace think-tank\u016f Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na studie sv\u011btov\u00e9 stranick\u00e9 politiky a zejm\u00e9na na iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezka.<\/p>\n

CCCWS je \u0159\u00edzen Radou, jej\u00edm\u017e p\u0159edsedou je Chen Zhou, n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru KS \u010c\u00edny. Mezi poradci a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky CCCWS jsou vlivn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 osobnosti, v\u011bdci a odborn\u00edci z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 160 think-tank\u016f a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V dubnu 2015 CCCWS zalo\u017eila Asociaci think tank\u016f (SRTA) spolu se 14 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi a 122 zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi expertn\u00edmi skupinami. SRTA se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdzkum, akademick\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny a v\u00fdm\u011bny lid\u00ed a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed vazeb mezi lidmi mimo jin\u00e9 i v pods\u00edt\u00edch iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka: 1) \u010c\u00edna – Mongolsko, 2) Mongolsko – Rusk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd koridor, 3) Nov\u00fd rusk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd koridor, 4) Nov\u00fd euroasijsk\u00fd pozemn\u00ed koridor, 5) \u010c\u00edna – St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, 6) St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie – Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie, 7) Ekonomick\u00fd koridor Indo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, 8) P\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd koridor, 9) Banglad\u00e9\u0161 – P\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd koridor, 10) Indie – Myanmar ekonomick\u00fd koridor, a dal\u0161\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Lancang – Mekong spolupr\u00e1ce, N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky a z n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

V tomto roce obdr\u017eel p\u0159edseda akademick\u00e9 rady Institutu \u010desk\u00e9 levice (ICL) a autor toho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku mo\u017enost z\u00fa\u010dastnit se speci\u00e1ln\u00ed konference v\u011bnovan\u00e9 10 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed iniciativy, p\u0159edn\u00e9st refer\u00e1t na hlavn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed v Shenzhenu a podepsat memorandum o vstupu do SRTA.<\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny BRI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Starov\u011bk\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky se t\u00e1hly tis\u00edce mil a let a nebyly jen cestami pro obchod, ale tak\u00e9 pro kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny. V\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli k lidsk\u00e9mu pokroku. V 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dala Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b uva\u017eovat o Euroasijsk\u00e9m pozemn\u00edm most\u011b, Iniciativ\u011b Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky a dal\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1nech, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eely spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zapojit se do komunikace a spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu 2013 prezident Si \u0164in-pching navrhl vizi glob\u00e1ln\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00e9 budoucnosti; V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a \u0159\u00edjnu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se spojil s ostatn\u00edmi a vybudoval Ekonomick\u00fd p\u00e1s Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky a N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bnou stezku 21. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezka. Iniciativa p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 a nese ducha starobyl\u00fdch hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch stezek \u2013 dvou velk\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f v lidsk\u00e9 historii a civilizaci. Obohacuje starobyl\u00e9ho ducha duchem modern\u00ed doby a kulturou nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry a poskytuje platformu pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed komunity sd\u00edlen\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n

Od sv\u00e9ho zah\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159ed 10 lety se spolupr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci iniciativy d\u00edky spole\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed v\u0161ech stran roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila za hranice \u010c\u00edny. Jak jsem se mohl osobn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit v rozhovorech s \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky konference, oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi ob\u010dany a doprovodn\u00edho programu iniciativa se transformovala z my\u0161lenek v \u010diny, z vize v realitu a z obecn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed projekty a prvn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

Jeden z\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f v\u00a0kontextu BRI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 17.01.2018 ozn\u00e1mila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 cement\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 asociace (SCA), \u017ee p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce cementu Anhui Conch Cement Company, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Conch Cement, se p\u0159ipojil ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed organizaci jako zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlen. Asociace nyn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 miliardu tun v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity cementu se sv\u00fdmi \u010dleny z 35 zem\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e samotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost (Conch Cement) s v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacitou 335 milion\u016f tun p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 v Indon\u00e9sii, Rusku, Kambod\u017ei, Laosu a Myanmaru a m\u00e1 50 000 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.<\/p>\n

„Efektivn\u00ed provoz a pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Conch Cement a jej\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed pracovat na udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m rozvoji cement\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed cenn\u00e9ho partnera a jsme pot\u011b\u0161eni, \u017ee ji m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159iv\u00edtat jako zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlena na\u0161\u00ed rychle rostouc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b,“ \u0159ekl Norman Greig, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Sv\u011btov\u00e9 cement\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 asociace.<\/p>\n

V zem\u00edch, kde \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci cementu investuj\u00ed, a kde by mohly vzniknout probl\u00e9my s nadm\u011brnou kapacitou, se studuj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed trendy na trhu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch regionech, aby jedna marketingov\u00e1 strategie vyhovovala v\u0161em. Nov\u00e9 marketingov\u00e9 strategie a s nimi vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 nov\u00e1 konkurence, ne v\u017edy vyhovuj\u00ed monopolisticky orientovan\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00edm dodavatel\u016fm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina velk\u00fdch skupin, jako jsou CNBM, Anhui Conch a dokonce i Huaxin a Hongshi, m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed instituty. Stav\u00ed se prakticky jen st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 z\u00e1vody s\u00a0kapacitou 2800 t\/d, 3200 t\/d, 4000 t\/d a 5000 t\/d. Tyto z\u00e1vody jsou \u010dasto vybaveny pouze \u010d\u00ednskou technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho cement\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu se datuj\u00ed do roku 2010\/2011. Podle SCA v\u00fdzkumu bylo do dubna 2017 v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed realizov\u00e1no asi 37 v\u00fdrobn\u00edch linek, z nich\u017e sedm bylo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b. Linky p\u0159edstavovaly kapacitu 23 Mt\/rok pro v\u00fdrobu sl\u00ednku a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 Mt\/rok pro cement. Dnes je z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e1 kapacita cementu ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 Mt\/rok a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ijde. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pouze \u010dty\u0159i z TOP v\u00fdrobc\u016f cementu aktivn\u011b a stabiln\u011b realizuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 strategie rozvoje internacionalizace. C\u00edlem nejsou pouze instalace nov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale i projekty, v\u010detn\u011b f\u00faz\u00ed a akvizice, v\u010detn\u011b BOT a BOOT.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Do prvn\u00ed poloviny roku 2018 spole\u010dnost Conch realizovala 17 projekt\u016f v Kambod\u017ei, Indon\u00e9sii, Myanmaru, Laosu a Rusku s celkovou kapacitou sl\u00ednku 20 Mt\/rok a zalo\u017eila 15 spole\u010dnost\u00ed s celkovou investic\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 miliard juan\u016f. Myanmar Conch, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b Kyaukse, asi 70 km od m\u011bsta Mandalay v Myanmaru, se stal p\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem a v\u00fdvozcem zna\u010dek ALPHA v zemi. Dal\u0161\u00edmi byly elektr\u00e1rny PT Conch South Kalimantan a PT Conch Indonesia, a \u010dty\u0159i jednotky na mlet\u00ed cementu v Battambang Conch v Kambod\u017ei a PT North Sulawesi Conch v Indon\u00e9sii. V roce 2019 byly postaveny lastury Luangprabang v Laosu a Barru v Indon\u00e9sii a byly zah\u00e1jeny pr\u00e1ce tak\u00e9 na lastu\u0159e Vientiane v Laosu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0souladu s\u00a0iniciativou BRI na ja\u0159e 2018 se spole\u010dnost Conch rozhodla o v\u00fdstavb\u011b cement\u00e1rny v Uljanovsk\u00e9 oblasti v Rusku. Kapacita elektr\u00e1rny bude 5000 t\/d. Projekt „Vol\u017esk\u00e1 lastura“ m\u00e1 t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1ze s po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed investic\u00ed 50 miliard rubl\u016f. Podle neov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch informac\u00ed z\u00e1vod byl dokon\u010den ke konci roku 2021. Podle rusk\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentury TASS byl ozn\u00e1men dal\u0161\u00ed projekt v Rusku na v\u00fdstavbu ve Sverdlovsk\u00e9 oblasti za 300 milion\u016f USD a v\u00a0Uzbekist\u00e1nu byly zah\u00e1jeny p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na projektu Qarshi Conch s\u00a0kapacitou 3200 t\/d a investic\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 150 milion\u016f USD.<\/p>\n

Skupina Hongshi, kter\u00e1 je holdingov\u00fdm podnikem pro v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 cement\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v provinci\u00edch Zhejiang, Jiangxi a deseti dal\u0161\u00edch provinci\u00edch, s kombinovanou kapacitou cementu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 Mt\/rok, aktivn\u011b reaguje na iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezka. Vybudovala p\u011bt velk\u00fdch cement\u00e1ren v Laosu, Nep\u00e1lu, Indon\u00e9sii a Myanmaru s celkovou investic\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 miliardy USD. 350 milion\u016f USD bylo investov\u00e1no do projektu v Nep\u00e1lu s ro\u010dn\u00ed produkc\u00ed 2,3 milionu Mt\/rok, zat\u00edmco 300 milion\u016f USD bylo investov\u00e1no do projekt\u016f v Laosu s kapacitou 2 Mt\/rok. Projekt Vientiane v Laosu s kapacitou 5000 t\/d byl prvn\u00edm dokon\u010den\u00fdm projektem BRI skupiny.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Huaxin Cement, ve kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 LafargeHolcim (LH) 41,8% pod\u00edl, uvedla sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed projekty do provozu v T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nu. Z\u00e1vod m\u00e1 kapacitu cementu 1,2 Mt\/rok a vy\u017e\u00e1dal si investici ve v\u00fd\u0161i 148 milion\u016f USD. Druh\u00fd z\u00e1vod, Huaxin Gayur (Sugd) Cement JV, m\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacitu 1 Mt\/rok a byl postaven za 168 milion\u016f USD. Spole\u010dnost bude d\u00e1le expandovat do Nep\u00e1lu a Uzbekist\u00e1nu a nahrad\u00ed sv\u00e9 star\u00e9 kapacity v pevninsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b v Hubei Huangshi a Yunan Luquan.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Iniciativa P\u00e1s stezka p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozvoji ekonomick\u00e9 globalizace a pomohla vy\u0159e\u0161it rozvojov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a zlep\u0161it syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Otev\u0159ela novou cestu pro ob\u010dany st\u00e1t\u016f \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00edch se iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka uskute\u010dnit modernizaci v kontextu organick\u00fdch reforem a \u00fasil\u00ed o vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00e9 budoucnosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u016fznorodosti.<\/p>\n

Doporu\u010duji proto sezn\u00e1mit se s\u00a0tzv. b\u00edlou knihou, vydala \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v r\u00e1mci p\u0159ipom\u00ednky 10. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka. B\u00edl\u00e1 kniha p\u0159edstavuje \u00fasp\u011bchy iniciativy za posledn\u00edch 10 let a umo\u017e\u0148uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu spole\u010denstv\u00ed l\u00e9pe pochopit hodnotu t\u00e9to iniciativy, kterou st\u00e1ty EU z\u00a0politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f a kr\u00e1tkozrakosti nedoce\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va o konferenci v\u011bnovan\u00e9 10. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka, kter\u00e1 se konala v p\u0159eddve\u0159\u00ed summitu 24. EU \u2013 \u010c\u00edna (7. prosince), mnou o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m odstoupen\u00ed It\u00e1lie z iniciativy (podle diplomatick\u00e9 n\u00f3ty, kterou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm doru\u010dila italsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v \u010dele s premi\u00e9rkou Giorgi\u00ed Meloniovou) a sou\u010dasn\u011b j\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou v\u00edrou, \u017ee navzdory vystoupen\u00ed z BRI m\u016f\u017ee It\u00e1lie obchodn\u00ed vazby s Pekingem nejen udr\u017eet, ale dokonce i pos\u00edlit, bude obsahem pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku. Souhlasu net\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Jan Campbell<\/em>
\n10.12.2023<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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