{"id":42568,"date":"2023-12-15T00:41:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T23:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42568"},"modified":"2023-12-14T19:12:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T18:12:16","slug":"rusko-iranska-bezpilotni-letadla-hrozba-pro-ukrajinska-mesta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/15\/rusko-iranska-bezpilotni-letadla-hrozba-pro-ukrajinska-mesta\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee bezpilotn\u00ed letadla jsou jednou z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Ob\u011b strany je aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.\u00a0A zat\u00edmco Ukrajinci to d\u011blali u\u017e od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f v\u00e1lky, rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da na to nep\u0159i\u0161la hned.\u00a0V po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi rusk\u00e1 strana doufala, \u017ee syst\u00e9my EW skute\u010dn\u011b \u201eudus\u00ed\u201c vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 vlny a zabr\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edteli v pou\u017eit\u00ed dron\u016f.\u00a0Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak n\u00e1pad selhal, Rusov\u00e9 se rozhodli, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 Ukrajinc\u016fm odpov\u011bd\u011bt podobn\u00fdmi metodami.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da ve v\u00fdzbroji ji\u017e n\u011bkolik typ\u016f UAV.\u00a0Krom\u011b t\u011bch vyvinut\u00fdch v Rusku existuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bdrony, kter\u00e9 si Rusov\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b koupili v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je \u0159ada UAV \u201eGeranium\u201c, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch dronech \u201eShahed\u201c.\u00a0Tento model je zase hybridem dvou nejpropagovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch dron\u016f \u2013 americk\u00e9ho \u201ePredator\u201c a izraelsk\u00e9ho \u201eHermes\u201c.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_196415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 721px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-196415\" title=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" src=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200-490x276.jpeg 490w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/scale_1200-768x432.jpeg 768w\" alt=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" width=\"721\" height=\"405\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196415\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-196415\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">P\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed model \u201eShahed-136\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Tomuto kamikadze stroji se doma i v Rusku \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u201epersk\u00fd\u201c.\u00a0Navzdory sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 velikosti m\u00e1 p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 taktick\u00e9 a technick\u00e9 vlastnosti.\u00a0V pasu modifikace \u201eGeranium-2\u201c jsou uvedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed parametry:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9lka: 3,5 metru<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Rozp\u011bt\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel: 2,5 metru<\/li>\n<li>Dolet: 1 800-2 500 km<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fd\u0161ka letu: od 60 do 4 000 metr\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Hmotnost: 200 kg<\/li>\n<li>Hmotnost st\u0159eliva: \u2013 50 kg<\/li>\n<li>Rychlost: 150-180 km\/h<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9lka bar\u00e1\u017ee: 10-12 hodin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_196417\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 680px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/orig-1.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-196417\" title=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" src=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/orig-1.gif\" alt=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" width=\"680\" height=\"382\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196417\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-196417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">P\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1sahu c\u00edle pomoc\u00ed paln\u00e9 munice \u201eGeranium-2\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Uveden\u00fd model dronu pro\u0161el n\u011bkter\u00fdmi \u00fapravami ji\u017e v Rusku.\u00a0Nejprve byl instalov\u00e1n satelitn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d \u201eGLONASS\u201c, kter\u00fd je mnohem odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proti ru\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0Nav\u00edc byla p\u0159epracov\u00e1na hlavice;\u00a0stal se siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky jin\u00e9 v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1plni, optimalizaci konstrukce a dostal dodatky ve form\u011b n\u00e1razov\u00fdch mikron\u00e1boj\u016f.\u00a0Hmotnost hlavice byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena na 60 kg.\u00a0S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed byl n\u00e1vrh optimalizov\u00e1n zmen\u0161en\u00edm velikosti palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee.\u00a0Nen\u00ed to tak d\u00e1vno, co p\u0159ibyla volumetrick\u00e1 detona\u010dn\u00ed, termobarick\u00e1 (jedno\u00fadern\u00e1) hlavice.<\/p>\n<p>Kontejnery s takov\u00fdmi drony lze snadno um\u00edstit na n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auta, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stupi\u0161t\u011b a lod\u011b.\u00a0V\u00fdkon motoru je 50 kon\u00ed.\u00a0Proto se tomuto dronu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e \u201ekolob\u011b\u017eka\u201c nebo \u201eseka\u010dka na tr\u00e1vu\u201c.\u00a0Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost \u00fader\u016f \u201eGeranium\u201c je d\u00e1na velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edm syst\u00e9mem (technologie je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b utajena, studium tohoto syst\u00e9mu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 kv\u016fli jeho zni\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_196419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 689px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/geran-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-196419\" title=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" src=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/geran-1.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/geran-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/geran-1-490x238.jpg 490w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/geran-1-768x373.jpg 768w\" alt=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" width=\"689\" height=\"335\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196419\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-196419\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trosky &#8222;Geranium-2&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho modelu m\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v provozu tak\u00e9 \u201eGeranium-1\u201c, co\u017e je kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze.\u00a0Tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed model v\u0161ak ned\u00e1vno pro\u0161el modernizac\u00ed motoru, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 munici s dlouh\u00fdm dosahem \u201eItalmas Z-54\u201c.\u00a0Vyzna\u010duje se ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed variantou provozu, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost odhalen\u00ed.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho bylo vylep\u0161eno ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, algoritmy a letov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a profily atd.<\/p>\n<p>Sami \u00cdr\u00e1nci p\u0159itom pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch variant UAV.\u00a0Ned\u00e1vno byl p\u0159edstaven \u201eShahed-238\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 proudov\u00fd motor.\u00a0V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed tento model uveden do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.\u00a0Na Ukrajin\u011b ani jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b zat\u00edm nen\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee ji najdeme.\u00a0Vzhledem k vlastnostem samotn\u00e9ho UAV a model\u016fm motor\u016f s mikroturbojetov\u00fdmi motory vyvinut\u00fdmi v Rusku v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dod\u00e1vka \u201eShahed-238\u201c nutn\u00e1, proto\u017ee je docela mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee modely, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed, mohou z\u00edskat podobnou \u00fapravu.\u00a0Dosah t\u00edm pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b utrp\u00ed, ale na ukrajinsk\u00e9 pom\u011bry nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.\u00a0Rychlost po \u00faprav\u011b se neztrojn\u00e1sob\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee se zv\u00fd\u0161it z 250-300 na 400-450 km\/h.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_196418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 692px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-196418\" title=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" src=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5-490x268.jpg 490w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5-768x420.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s2.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/shahed-5-375x205.jpg 375w\" alt=\"Rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bezpilotn\u00ed letadla: hrozba pro ukrajinsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta\" width=\"692\" height=\"379\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196418\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-196418\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shahed-238<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>N\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu t\u011bchto UAV jsou 30-50 tis\u00edc americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, co\u017e je mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdroba raket \u201eIskander\u201c nebo \u201eKalibr\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc ukrajinsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch z\u00e1padn\u00edch model\u016f, jako je \u201ePatriot\u201c, \u201eIris-T\u201c, \u201eNASAMS\u201c, si s bezpilotn\u00edmi letouny \u201eGeranium\u201c neporad\u00ed.\u00a0Jedin\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm je, \u017ee tepeln\u00e1 stopa, kterou zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u0159ely, nen\u00ed pro tyto UAV charakteristick\u00e1.\u00a0Motor nezanech\u00e1v\u00e1 dostate\u010dnou tepelnou stopu pro detekci protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f odleh\u010duje samotn\u00fd design a tak\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed identifikaci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201eShahed\u201c nebo \u201eGeranium\u201c prokazuj\u00ed svou \u00fa\u010dinnost ji\u017e druh\u00fdm rokem v \u0159ad\u011b.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti tyto UAV sv\u00fdmi \u00fasp\u011bchy zcela zast\u00ednily technologicky vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed \u201eBayraktar\u201c, kter\u00fd nejprve d\u011bsil ruskou arm\u00e1du, a u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201eSwitchblade\u201c, kter\u00fd nos\u00ed oper\u00e1tor v batohu.\u00a0Oba \u201emu\u0161k\u00e1ty\u201c dos\u00e1hly sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f ji\u017e od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f a st\u00e1le v tom dosahuj\u00ed.\u00a0D\u00edky n\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm se jejich po\u010det dramaticky zvy\u0161uje.\u00a0Jak konflikt pokra\u010duje, na Ukrajinu za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed velk\u00e9 \u201eroje\u201c UAV, a pokud Kyjev nedok\u00e1\u017ee upravit sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany tak, aby je p\u0159esn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159ovaly, n\u00e1sledky se jen zhor\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee bezpilotn\u00ed letadla jsou jednou z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Ob\u011b strany je&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2856,38,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42570,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42568\/revisions\/42570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}