{"id":42551,"date":"2023-12-15T00:34:13","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T23:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42551"},"modified":"2023-12-14T17:34:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T16:34:37","slug":"proc-who-lzive-tvrdi-ze-nechce-statum-sebrat-suverenitu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/15\/proc-who-lzive-tvrdi-ze-nechce-statum-sebrat-suverenitu\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d WHO l\u017eiv\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nechce st\u00e1t\u016fm sebrat suverenitu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span>Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO)\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\"><span>prohla\u0161uje<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0: \u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b nep\u0159enech\u00e1 svou suverenitu WHO,\u201c s odkazem na novou\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/inb.who.int\/home\/inb-process#next%2520stages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/inb.who.int\/home\/inb-process#next%2520stages\"><span>pandemickou smlouvu<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0WHO a navrhovan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/wgihr\/pdf_files\/wgihr1\/WGIHR_Compilation-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/wgihr\/pdf_files\/wgihr1\/WGIHR_Compilation-en.pdf\"><span>zm\u011bny<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f (IHR), o kter\u00fdch se v sou\u010dasnosti vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1.\u00a0Jeho v\u00fdroky jsou jasn\u00e9 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 a jsou v naprost\u00e9m rozporu s texty, na kter\u00e9 se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Racion\u00e1ln\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed doty\u010dn\u00fdch text\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>Dokumenty navrhuj\u00ed p\u0159enesen\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci na WHO o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch aspektech fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, k jejich\u017e realizaci se zem\u011b zavazuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel WHO (DG) bude m\u00edt v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pravomoc rozhodnout, kdy a kde budou pou\u017eity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>N\u00e1vrhy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span>Opakovan\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed politik\u016f a m\u00e9di\u00ed, \u017ee suverenita se neztrat\u00ed, proto vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b motiv\u016f, kompetenc\u00ed a etiky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Texty maj\u00ed za c\u00edl p\u0159en\u00e9st rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoc, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti le\u017e\u00ed na n\u00e1rodech a jednotlivc\u00edch, na WHO, pokud jej\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel rozhodne, \u017ee existuje riziko propuknut\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed v\u00edce n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hranic.\u00a0Je neobvykl\u00e9, aby se st\u00e1ty zav\u00e1zaly, \u017ee budou n\u00e1sledovat extern\u00ed org\u00e1ny v oblasti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e to m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a geopolitick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.\u00a0Ot\u00e1zka, zda je suverenita skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159enesena, a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status takov\u00e9 smlouvy jsou tedy z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 sbory demokratick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0M\u00e1\u0161 absolutn\u00ed povinnost b\u00fdt si jist\u00fd s\u00e1m sebou.\u00a0Tento d\u016fvod zde systematicky zkoum\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny MZP a suverenita v rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti zdrav\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Novela MZP z roku 2005 by mohla b\u00fdt snadn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak rychle zav\u00e9st a prosadit \u201enov\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c opat\u0159en\u00ed pro kontrolu zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed text se vztahuje prakticky na celou sv\u011btovou populaci, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 196 smluvn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech 194 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f WHO.\u00a0Schv\u00e1len\u00ed nemus\u00ed vy\u017eadovat form\u00e1ln\u00ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho zdravotnick\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (WHA), proto\u017ee ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zm\u011bna z roku 2022 byla p\u0159ijata konsensem.\u00a0A\u017e bude stejn\u00fd schvalovac\u00ed mechanismus uplatn\u011bn v kv\u011btnu 2024, mnoho zem\u00ed a ve\u0159ejnost si nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bdomi rozsahu nov\u00e9ho textu a jeho d\u016fsledk\u016f pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenitu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d je \u0159adou doporu\u010den\u00ed v r\u00e1mci smluvn\u00edho postupu, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1vazn\u00fd podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.\u00a0Maj\u00ed poskytnout WHO ur\u010ditou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pravomoc jednat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed nouze, nap\u0159.\u00a0B. v pandemii m\u016f\u017ee zas\u00e1hnout koordina\u010dn\u00edm a vedouc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 a poskytuje velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady akc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee WHO doporu\u010dit, v\u010detn\u011b (\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241580496\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241580496\"><span>\u010dl\u00e1nek 18<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>po\u017eadovat l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>zkontrolovat d\u016fkazy o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 profylaxi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>p\u0159edepsat o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jinou profylaxi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>um\u00edstit podez\u0159el\u00e9 osoby pod dohled ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed karant\u00e9ny nebo jin\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro podez\u0159el\u00e9 osoby;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby izolace a l\u00e9\u010dba posti\u017een\u00fdch osob;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>prov\u00e1d\u011bt vysledov\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f podez\u0159el\u00fdch nebo posti\u017een\u00fdch osob;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Odep\u0159en\u00ed vstupu podez\u0159el\u00fdm a posti\u017een\u00fdm osob\u00e1m;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed vstupu neposti\u017een\u00fdch osob do posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed;\u00a0a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edch kontrol a omezen\u00ed pro osoby z posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed, pokud jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bna spole\u010dn\u011b, jsou od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2020 b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako \u201euzav\u00edrky\u201c a \u201emand\u00e1ty\u201c.\u00a0Term\u00edn \u201euzam\u010den\u00ed\u201c byl d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vyhrazen pro osoby uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00e9 jako zlo\u010dinci, proto\u017ee ru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329438\/9789241516839-eng.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329438\/9789241516839-eng.pdf?ua=1\">byla\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329438\/9789241516839-eng.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329438\/9789241516839-eng.pdf?ua=1\"><span>WHO<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u0161kodliv\u00e1 pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed\u00a0.\u00a0Od roku 2020 se v\u0161ak stal standardem pro zdravotnick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed epidemi\u00ed, a to navzdory n\u011bkolika ustanoven\u00edm\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\">V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 deklarace<\/a>\u00a0lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (UDHR):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 bez rozd\u00edlu pr\u00e1vo na v\u0161echna pr\u00e1va a svobody vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 v t\u00e9to deklaraci, v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1kazu sv\u00e9voln\u00e9ho zat\u010den\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 9)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nikdo nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt vystaven sv\u00e9voln\u00e9mu zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota, rodiny, domova nebo korespondence (\u010dl\u00e1nek 12)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo svobodn\u011b se pohybovat a pob\u00fdvat v r\u00e1mci hranic kter\u00e9hokoli st\u00e1tu a ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo opustit jakoukoli zemi a vr\u00e1tit se do kter\u00e9koli zem\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 13).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na svobodu n\u00e1zoru a projevu;\u00a0toto pr\u00e1vo zahrnuje svobodu zast\u00e1vat n\u00e1zory bez p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a vyhled\u00e1vat, p\u0159ij\u00edmat a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it informace a my\u0161lenky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jak\u00fdchkoli m\u00e9di\u00ed a bez ohledu na hranice (\u010dl\u00e1nek 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na pokojn\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a sdru\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>V\u016fle lidu je z\u00e1kladem st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 21)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na pr\u00e1ci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 23)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 26)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na takov\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, v n\u011bm\u017e mohou b\u00fdt pln\u011b realizov\u00e1na pr\u00e1va a svobody vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 v t\u00e9to deklaraci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 28)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nic v t\u00e9to deklaraci nelze vykl\u00e1dat tak, \u017ee p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 kter\u00e9mukoli st\u00e1tu, skupin\u011b nebo jednotlivci pr\u00e1vo vykon\u00e1vat jakoukoli \u010dinnost nebo podnikat jak\u00e9koli kroky sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k odstran\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v a svobod vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch v t\u00e9to deklaraci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 30).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Tato ustanoven\u00ed UDHR tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad modern\u00edho pojet\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenity a vztahu mezi \u00fa\u0159ady a jejich obyvatelstvem.\u00a0Pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kodifikaci individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod ve 20. stolet\u00ed by mohly b\u00fdt brzy rozebr\u00e1ny za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi v zasedac\u00ed s\u00edni v \u017denev\u011b.\u00a0Navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u201edoporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho dokumentu MZP na po\u017eadavky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u0159\u00ed mechanism\u016f, a to<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazu \u201enez\u00e1vazn\u00fd\u201c (\u010dl\u00e1nek 1);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Vlo\u017een\u00ed formulace, kterou se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u201ezavazuj\u00ed dodr\u017eovat doporu\u010den\u00ed WHO\u201c a uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed WHO nikoli jako organizaci pod kontrolou zem\u00ed, ale jako \u201ekoordinuj\u00edc\u00ed org\u00e1n\u201c (nov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek 13a).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span>St\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou smluvn\u00ed stranou t\u00e9to \u00famluvy, uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed WHO jako vedouc\u00ed a koordinuj\u00edc\u00ed org\u00e1n pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed reakci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed krizov\u00e9 situace a zavazuj\u00ed se dodr\u017eovat doporu\u010den\u00ed WHO ve sv\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed reakci v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Jak je patrn\u00e9 z \u010dl\u00e1nku 18, zahrnuje to \u010detn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo omezuj\u00ed svobodu jednotlivce.\u00a0Pokud zde nen\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161leno p\u0159enesen\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci (suverenity), pak by sou\u010dasn\u00fd status MZP mohl z\u016fstat jako \u201edoporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c a zem\u011b by se nezav\u00e1zaly dodr\u017eovat po\u017eadavky WHO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>St\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou smluvn\u00ed stranou t\u00e9to \u00famluvy, se zavazuj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b uv\u00e9st v platnost dosud pouze doporu\u010den\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b po\u017eadavk\u016f WHO s ohledem na nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed subjekty spadaj\u00edc\u00ed pod jejich jurisdikci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 42):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Zdravotn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 podle t\u011bchto p\u0159edpis\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed u\u010din\u011bn\u00fdch podle \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f 15 a 16, budou neprodlen\u011b zah\u00e1jena a dokon\u010dena v\u0161emi smluvn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty a budou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na transparentn\u00edm, spravedliv\u00fdm a nediskrimina\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.\u00a0St\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou smluvn\u00ed stranou t\u00e9to \u00famluvy, rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ijmou opat\u0159en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby nest\u00e1tn\u00ed subjekty p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na jejich \u00fazem\u00edch tato opat\u0159en\u00ed dodr\u017eovaly.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>\u010cl\u00e1nky 15 a 16 zde uveden\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed WHO po\u017eadovat, aby st\u00e1t poskytoval \u201ezdravotn\u00ed produkty, technologie a know-how\u201c a umo\u017enit WHO vys\u00edlat do zem\u011b person\u00e1l (tj. kontrolovat vstup osob, kter\u00e9 si vybere, za st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice ), a opakuj\u00ed po\u017eadavek, aby zem\u011b vy\u017eadovala proveden\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch protiopat\u0159en\u00ed (nap\u0159. testy, vakc\u00edny, karant\u00e9na) pro sv\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, pokud to WHO po\u017eaduje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee navrhovan\u00e1 zm\u011bna \u010dl\u00e1nku 1 (vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed term\u00ednu \u201enez\u00e1vazn\u00fd\u201c) je ve skute\u010dnosti nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1, pokud nov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek 13A nebo zm\u011bny \u010dl\u00e1nku 42 z\u016fstanou v platnosti.\u00a0To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt (a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude) z kone\u010dn\u00e9ho textu vypu\u0161t\u011bno, co\u017e bude p\u016fsobit jako kompromis, ani\u017e by se zm\u011bnil p\u0159evod suverenity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V\u0161echna opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed v \u010dl\u00e1nku 18 a dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je omezen\u00ed svobody projevu, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo vystaven\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti alternativn\u00edm n\u00e1zor\u016fm (p\u0159\u00edloha 1, nov\u00fd 5(e); \u201e\u2026proti dezinformac\u00edm a dezinformac\u00edm\u201c), jsou zahrnuty v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m rozporu s UDHR.\u00a0A\u010dkoli je pr\u00e1vo na svobodu projevu v sou\u010dasnosti vyhrazeno v\u00fdhradn\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm a jeho omezen\u00ed je obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako negativn\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sites\/un2.un.org\/files\/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-information-integrity-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sites\/un2.un.org\/files\/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-information-integrity-en.pdf\"><span>instituce OSN<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b WHO, obhajovaly cenzuru neofici\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f, aby chr\u00e1nily to, \u010demu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/information-integrity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/information-integrity\"><span>informace \u201c.\u00a0integrita<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Z hlediska lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pobu\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee novely umo\u017en\u00ed WHO po\u017eadovat, aby zem\u011b vy\u017eadovaly individu\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky a o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud WHO vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed pandemii.\u00a0P\u0159esto\u017ee Norimbersk\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cirp.org\/library\/ethics\/nuremberg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cirp.org\/library\/ethics\/nuremberg\/\"><span>kodex<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects\/\"><span>Helsinsk\u00e1 deklarace<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0odkazuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed na lidech (nap\u0159. klinick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky vakc\u00edn) a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/legal-affairs\/universal-declaration-bioethics-and-human-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/legal-affairs\/universal-declaration-bioethics-and-human-rights\"><span>V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 deklarace<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0o bioetice a lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech tak\u00e9 na vztah mezi poskytovatelem zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a pacientem, lze je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b aplikovat na opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed omezen\u00ed nebo \u00fapravy lidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o jak\u00fdkoli z\u00e1sah vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed injekce, l\u00e9ky nebo l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou interakci mezi poskytovatelem a osobou.\u00a0Kdy\u017e jsou vakc\u00edny nebo l\u00e9ky st\u00e1le ve zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch nebo je\u0161t\u011b nebyly pln\u011b otestov\u00e1ny, probl\u00e9m b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem experimentu je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00fd.\u00a0Existuje jasn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br pou\u017e\u00edt\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cepi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CEPI-100-Days-Report-Digital-Version_29-11-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cepi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/CEPI-100-Days-Report-Digital-Version_29-11-22.pdf\"><span>\u201e100denn\u00ed\u201c o\u010dkovac\u00ed program CEPI<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, kter\u00fd nevyhnuteln\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee dokon\u010dit smyslupln\u00e9 studie bezpe\u010dnosti nebo \u00fa\u010dinnosti v tomto \u010dasov\u00e9m r\u00e1mci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nucen\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo medikace jsou neetick\u00e9, pokud p\u0159\u00edjemce nen\u00ed du\u0161evn\u011b schopen dodr\u017eovat pokyny nebo je odm\u00edtnout, kdy\u017e mu byly poskytnuty informace.\u00a0Vynucen\u00ed souhlasu k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k tomu, co je podle UDHR pova\u017eov\u00e1no za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, by p\u0159edstavovalo n\u00e1tlak.\u00a0Pokud to nespl\u0148uje definici WHO o poru\u0161en\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity, pak mus\u00ed G\u0158 a jeho podporovatel\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b deklarovat, jakou definici pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>WHO navrhla pandemickou dohodu jako n\u00e1stroj pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159evodu suverenity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Navrhovan\u00e1 pandemick\u00e1 smlouva p\u0159enese lidstvo do nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry, podivn\u011b organizovan\u00e9 kolem pandemi\u00ed: p\u0159edpandemick\u00e9, pandemick\u00e9 a mezipandemick\u00e9.\u00a0Nov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed struktura pod z\u00e1\u0161titou WHO bude dohl\u00ed\u017eet na zm\u011bny IHR a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed iniciativy.\u00a0Bude se spol\u00e9hat na nov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na financov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b schopnosti WHO \u017e\u00e1dat dal\u0161\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed a materi\u00e1ly od zem\u00ed a provozovat dodavatelskou s\u00ed\u0165 na podporu jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch situac\u00edch (\u010dl\u00e1nek 12):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pandemie bude m\u00edt WHO v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase p\u0159\u00edstup k nejm\u00e9n\u011b 20 % (10 % darov\u00e1n\u00edm a 10 % za ceny dostupn\u00e9 pro WHO) v\u00fdroby bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch produkt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pandemi\u00ed pro distribuci na z\u00e1klad\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00ed rizika a pot\u0159eby, za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed produkuj\u00edc\u00ed produkty souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pandemi\u00ed, u\u010din\u00ed v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 kroky k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdvozu takov\u00fdch produkt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pandemi\u00ed v souladu s harmonogramy dohodnut\u00fdmi mezi WHO a v\u00fdrobci.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>A \u010dl. 20 odst. 1:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u2026poskytnout podporu a pomoc ostatn\u00edm smluvn\u00edm stran\u00e1m na \u017e\u00e1dost, aby se usnadnilo omezen\u00ed p\u0159el\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed u zdroje.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Cel\u00e1 struktura bude financov\u00e1na z nov\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho toku odd\u011blen\u00e9ho od sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed WHO \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavek na da\u0148ov\u00e9 poplatn\u00edky oproti sou\u010dasn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm (\u010dl\u00e1nek 20 (2)).\u00a0Financov\u00e1n\u00ed bude tak\u00e9 zahrnovat dotaci dobrovoln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f od \u201ev\u0161ech relevantn\u00edch sektor\u016f, kter\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na pos\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti, p\u0159ipravenosti a reakce na pandemii\u201c, jako\u017e i dary od dobro\u010dinn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 20 odst. 2 p\u00edsm. b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zem\u011b rozhoduj\u00ed o zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch priorit, nad r\u00e1mec omezen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed organizac\u00edm, jako je WHO v r\u00e1mci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f nebo smluv.\u00a0Navrhovan\u00e1 dohoda je pozoruhodn\u00e1 nejen proto, \u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u010d\u00e1stku, kterou mus\u00ed zem\u011b poskytnout v r\u00e1mci smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee zav\u00e1d\u00ed paraleln\u00ed strukturu financov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je odd\u011blen\u00e1 od ostatn\u00edch priorit nemoc\u00ed (naprost\u00fd opak p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159edstav o nemoci). financov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotnictv\u00ed).\u00a0Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 extern\u00ed skupina, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo odpov\u011bdn\u00e1, pravomoc po\u017e\u00e1dat nebo z\u00edskat dodate\u010dn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdykoli to pova\u017euje za nutn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stranapro.cz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-40285 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro-300x79.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/11pro.png 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>V dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sahu do toho, co b\u011b\u017en\u011b spad\u00e1 do pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jurisdikce n\u00e1rodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, bude dohoda vy\u017eadovat, aby zem\u011b zavedly (\u010dl\u00e1nek 15) \u201ebezchybn\u00e9 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy pro po\u0161kozen\u00ed vakc\u00ednou\u201c, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 farmaceutick\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem \u00fa\u010dinnou imunitu v\u016f\u010di \u0161kod\u00e1m zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f doporu\u010den\u00fdch WHO na z\u00e1klad\u011b povolen\u00ed k nouzov\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo dokonce po\u017eadavku, aby je zem\u011b zavedly pro sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany jako povinn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jak je pro ty u moci\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2023\/jan\/25\/uk-placed-in-third-tier-in-global-index-of-free-expression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2023\/jan\/25\/uk-placed-in-third-tier-in-global-index-of-free-expression\"><span>st\u00e1le v\u00edce\u00a0<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.maryannedemasi.com\/p\/australias-own-ministry-of-truth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/blog.maryannedemasi.com\/p\/australias-own-ministry-of-truth\"><span>p\u0159ijateln\u00e9<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, ratifikuj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b budou souhlasit s t\u00edm, \u017ee omez\u00ed pr\u00e1vo sv\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti vzn\u00e9st n\u00e1mitky proti akc\u00edm a po\u017eadavk\u016fm WHO ohledn\u011b takov\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace (\u010dl\u00e1nek 18):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u2026a pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch, zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch, nepravdiv\u00fdch nebo dezinformuj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Jak jsme vid\u011bli v reakci na COVID-19, definice zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1viset na politick\u00e9 nebo komer\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodnosti, v\u010detn\u011b faktick\u00fdch informac\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dinnosti a bezpe\u010dnosti vakc\u00edn a ortodoxn\u00ed imunologie, kter\u00e9 by mohly ovlivnit prodej zdravotnick\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d otev\u0159en\u00e9 demokracie kladou tak velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na ochranu svobody projevu, a to i s rizikem, \u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed.\u00a0Podpisem t\u00e9to dohody vl\u00e1dy souhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee upust\u00ed od t\u00e9to z\u00e1sady s ohledem na sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ob\u010dany, pokud o to WHO po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rozsah t\u00e9to navrhovan\u00e9 dohody (a zm\u011bn MZP) p\u0159esahuje pandemie a v\u00fdznamn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje oblast, ve kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u017eadov\u00e1no delegov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozby pro zdrav\u00ed, jako jsou:\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, jako je zm\u011bna klimatu, mohou b\u00fdt podle uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele prohl\u00e1\u0161eny za nouzov\u00e9, pokud\u00a0budou p\u0159ijaty \u0161irok\u00e9 definice\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/brownstone.org\/articles\/one-health-subverted-corrupted-and-ruined\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/brownstone.org\/articles\/one-health-subverted-corrupted-and-ruined\/\"><span>Jednoho zdrav\u00ed , jak je doporu\u010deno.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, v n\u011bm\u017e by byly takov\u00e9 pravomoci nad n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi zdroji p\u0159evedeny na nevolenou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed organizaci, a je\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159edstavit si, jak by to bylo vn\u00edm\u00e1no jinak ne\u017e ztr\u00e1ta suverenity.\u00a0Jedin\u00fdm od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm pro toto tvrzen\u00ed se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt to, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh dohody m\u00e1 b\u00fdt podeps\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b podvodu \u2013 tedy \u017ee nen\u00ed v \u00famyslu s n\u00edm zach\u00e1zet jako s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e irelevantn\u00edm c\u00e1rem pap\u00edru nebo n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jen pro m\u00e9n\u011b siln\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by m\u011bly platit (tj. kolonialistick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Budou zm\u011bny MZP a navrhovan\u00e1 pandemick\u00e1 dohoda pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Oba texty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9.\u00a0MZP ji\u017e takov\u00fd statut maj\u00ed, tak\u017ee dopad navrhovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn na pot\u0159ebu nov\u00e9ho p\u0159ijet\u00ed zem\u011bmi jsou komplikovan\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed judikatury.\u00a0V sou\u010dasnosti existuje mechanismus pro odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch zm\u011bn.\u00a0Pokud v\u0161ak velk\u00fd po\u010det zem\u00ed aktivn\u011b nevyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj nesouhlas a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed, p\u0159ijet\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 verze z \u00fanora 2023 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k budoucnosti zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 neust\u00e1l\u00fdmi riziky blokov\u00e1n\u00ed a dikt\u00e1t\u016f WHO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Navrhovan\u00e1 pandemick\u00e1 dohoda by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 jednozna\u010dn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1.\u00a0WHO o tomto probl\u00e9mu diskutuje na\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/pandemic-prevention--preparedness-and-response-accord\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/pandemic-prevention--preparedness-and-response-accord\"><span>webu<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00edho org\u00e1nu (INB), kter\u00fd na textu pracuje.\u00a0Stejn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br je v\u00fdslovn\u011b uveden v\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/11\/16\/g20-bali-leaders-declaration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/11\/16\/g20-bali-leaders-declaration\/\"><span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f G20 na Bali<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0v roce 2022:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Podporujeme pr\u00e1ci Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00edho org\u00e1nu (INB), kter\u00fd navrhne a vyjedn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl obsahovat pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 i pr\u00e1vn\u011b nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 prvky k pos\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti na pandemii&#8230;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Toto je zopakov\u00e1no v\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/media\/66739\/g20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/media\/66739\/g20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration.pdf\"><span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f G20 v New Delhi<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a02023:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u2026ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou \u00famluvu, dohodu nebo jin\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj WHO o pandemick\u00e9 PPR (WHO CA+) do kv\u011btna 2024.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>A Rada\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/coronavirus\/pandemic-treaty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/coronavirus\/pandemic-treaty\/\"><span>Evropsk\u00e9 unie<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00damluva, dohoda nebo jin\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj je pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.\u00a0Dohoda o prevenci pandemie, p\u0159ipravenosti a reakci p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) by zem\u00edm na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b umo\u017enila pos\u00edlit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacity a odolnost v\u016f\u010di budouc\u00edm pandemi\u00edm.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>MZP ji\u017e maj\u00ed status podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159i snaze o tento status p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 WHO, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve navrhovanou dohodu naz\u00fdvali \u201e\u00a0smlouvou \u201c\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/whos-tedros-says-time-has-come-pandemic-treaty-2021-05-31\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/whos-tedros-says-time-has-come-pandemic-treaty-2021-05-31\/\"><span>,<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0nyn\u00ed trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\"><span>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/03\/1134967\"><span>z n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0nem\u00e1 vliv na suverenitu.\u00a0N\u00e1vrh, \u017ee s p\u0159evodem budou souhlasit z\u00e1stupci st\u00e1t\u016f ve WHA, a nikoli WHO, je nuance, kter\u00e1 je irelevantn\u00ed pro tvrzen\u00ed WHO o jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m dopadu.\u00a0Postoj WHO vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda jej\u00ed veden\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b nev\u00ed, co se navrhuje, nebo zda se aktivn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed uv\u00e9st zem\u011b a ve\u0159ejnost v omyl, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ili pravd\u011bpodobnost schv\u00e1len\u00ed.\u00a0V posledn\u00ed verzi z 30. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 je k tomu, aby budouc\u00ed dohoda vstoupila v platnost pot\u00e9, co pro ni hlasovaly dv\u011b t\u0159etiny WHA, zapot\u0159eb\u00ed 40 ratifikac\u00ed.\u00a0K vykolejen\u00ed tohoto projektu bude tedy zapot\u0159eb\u00ed odpor zna\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zem\u00ed.\u00a0Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je podporov\u00e1na mocn\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami a institucemi, finan\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy, jako jsou n\u00e1stroje MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky, stejn\u011b jako bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b znesnadn\u00ed odpor zem\u00ed s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>D\u016fsledky zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1zky suverenity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou ohledn\u011b t\u011bchto dvou n\u00e1stroj\u016f WHO by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt, zda je ohro\u017eena suverenita, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, pro\u010d by demokratick\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ed\u00e1valy svou suverenitu organizaci, kter\u00e1 je (i) v\u00fdrazn\u011b soukrom\u011b financovan\u00e1 a na dikt\u00e1t korporac\u00ed a samozvan\u00ed filantropov\u00e9 se mus\u00ed pod\u0159\u00eddit, a kter\u00e1 (ii) je spolu\u0159\u00edzena \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, z nich\u017e polovina ani netvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou otev\u0159en\u00fdmi zastupitelsk\u00fdmi demokraciemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pokud je skute\u010dn\u011b pravda, \u017ee se vl\u00e1dy v\u011bdom\u011b vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 suverenity bez v\u011bdom\u00ed a souhlasu sv\u00e9ho lidu a spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na nepravdiv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed vl\u00e1d a WHO, pak to m\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.\u00a0To by znamenalo, \u017ee by l\u00edd\u0159i pracovali p\u0159\u00edmo proti z\u00e1jm\u016fm sv\u00e9ho lidu (nebo zem\u011b) a na podporu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 takov\u00e9 praktiky \u0159e\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Je proto velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby ti, kdo tyto projekty obhajuj\u00ed, bu\u010f vysv\u011btlili svou definici suverenity a demokratick\u00e9ho procesu, nebo si v\u00fdslovn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1dali souhlas ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, kterou je t\u0159eba si polo\u017eit, je, pro\u010d zdravotnick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady a m\u00e9dia opakuj\u00ed uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed WHO o ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 povaze pandemick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.\u00a0WHO tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tvrzen\u00ed o omezen\u00e9 suverenit\u011b jsou \u201edezinformace\u201c nebo \u201edezinformace\u201c, o nich\u017e jinde tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou hlavn\u00edmi\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WHO\/status\/1602991915808456705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WHO\/status\/1602991915808456705\"><span>zabij\u00e1ky<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0lidstva.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco takov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed jsou pon\u011bkud sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 a maj\u00ed vypadat, \u017ee o\u010der\u0148uj\u00ed disidenty, WHO je jasn\u011b vinna t\u00edm, co pova\u017euje za takov\u00fd zlo\u010din.\u00a0Pokud jejich veden\u00ed neprok\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee jejich tvrzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bchto pandemick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f nejsou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jejich veden\u00ed je nuceno rezignovat z etick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Pot\u0159eba up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>WHO uv\u00e1d\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed pandemie v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed \u2013 vypuknut\u00ed ch\u0159ipky na konci 50. a 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed a pandemii COVID-19.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed dva zabili m\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed, ne\u017e kolik jich dnes ro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e na tuberkul\u00f3zu, zat\u00edmco hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed na COVID-19 nikdy nedos\u00e1hla \u00farovn\u011b rakoviny nebo kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a byla v zem\u00edch s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy ve\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.21-0899\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.21-0899.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.21-0899\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.21-0899.xml\"><span>srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0s endemick\u00fdmi infek\u010dn\u00edmi chorobami, jako je tuberkul\u00f3za, mal\u00e1rie a HIV\/AIDS. z\u016fstal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd.\u00a0\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 ohnisko jin\u00e9 ne\u017e ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 zaznamenan\u00e9 WHO, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uje definici pandemie (nap\u0159. rychl\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed patogenu, kter\u00fd b\u011b\u017en\u011b nezp\u016fsobuje po omezenou dobu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u0161kody p\u0159es mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hranice), nezp\u016fsobilo celkov\u011b v\u00edce \u00famrt\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zu. (asi 4 000 za den) nebo v\u00edce ztracen\u00fdch let \u017eivota ne\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed mal\u00e1rie (asi 1 500 d\u011bt\u00ed do p\u011bti let denn\u011b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pokud jsou tedy na\u0161e \u00fa\u0159ady a jejich p\u0159\u00edznivci v komunit\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee pravomoci, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti spadaj\u00ed do n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jurisdikce, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch \u0161kod p\u0159eneseny na extern\u00ed org\u00e1ny, nejlep\u0161\u00ed by byla ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 diskuse o tom, zda je to dostate\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed demokratick\u00fdch ide\u00e1l\u016f ve prosp\u011bch fa\u0161isti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho nebo jinak autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu.\u00a0V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku jde o omezov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kter\u00e1 jsou nezbytn\u00e1 pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>Od Dr.\u00a0David Bell a Dr.\u00a0Thi Thuy Van Dinh<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO)\u00a0prohla\u0161uje\u00a0: \u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b nep\u0159enech\u00e1 svou suverenitu WHO,\u201c s odkazem na&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[279,48,81],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42551"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42551\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}