{"id":42252,"date":"2023-12-11T04:56:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T03:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42252"},"modified":"2023-12-11T04:56:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T03:56:44","slug":"zbynek-fiala-pro-bohate-je-krize-zlata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/11\/zbynek-fiala-pro-bohate-je-krize-zlata\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Pro bohat\u00e9 je krize zlat\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br leto\u0161n\u00edho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho roku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed oslniv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 statistiky, bohu\u017eel ne pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Skupina nejbohat\u0161\u00edch rodin sv\u011bta zbohatla od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku o 1,5 bilionu (1\u00a0500 miliard) dolar\u016f, informuje Bloomberg. Je to jasn\u00fd doklad toho \u017ee pro \u201eblbou n\u00e1ladu\u201c opravdu nen\u00ed \u2013 jak varuje n\u00e1\u0161 milovan\u00fd v\u016fdce Petr N. Fiala \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod. Aspo\u0148 v\u00a0rodin\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdch se to t\u00fdk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/features\/2023-worlds-richest-families\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Pokra\u010duje tak dlouhodob\u00fd trend, kter\u00fd na za\u010d\u00e1tku leto\u0161n\u00edho roku zaznamenala britsk\u00e1 charitativn\u00ed organizace Oxfam ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0ledna 2023\u00a0Survival of the Richeset<\/em>, \u010dili Superboh\u00e1\u010di p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. \u017de jde o l\u00e9ta krize? Jak pro koho.\u00a0Horn\u00ed jedno procento se zmocnilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou t\u0159etin ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed od roku 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdo to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mus\u00ed zaplatit, a tak v\u00a0posledn\u00edch deseti letech z ka\u017ed\u00fdch 100 dolar\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159ipadlo 54,40 dolar\u016f horn\u00edmu 1 %.\u00a0Na spodn\u00ed polovinu lidstva toho pak pochopiteln\u011b zbylo m\u00ed\u0148<\/strong>, musela se spokojit s 0,70 dolaru. Kdy\u017e to p\u0159evedeme do akumulovan\u00e9ho majetku,\u00a0horn\u00ed jedno procento za tu dobu z\u00edskalo 74kr\u00e1t v\u00edc bohatstv\u00ed ne\u017e doln\u00ed polovina lidstva<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0toho plynou i re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 pom\u011bry ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kdy\u017e nejbohat\u0161\u00ed jedno procento vlastn\u00ed 45,6 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco nejchud\u0161\u00ed polovina sv\u011bta m\u00e1 jen 0,75 %. Berte to z\u00a0t\u00e9 sv\u011btl\u00e9 str\u00e1nky: Kdy\u017e superboh\u00e1\u010d vyd\u011bl\u00e1 p\u011btistovku (ani si toho nev\u0161imne), vy m\u00e1te na tepl\u00fd karban\u00e1tek i s hrom\u00e1dkou hranolk\u016f a zel\u00ed (co\u017e hladov\u00e9mu neute\u010de). A kdy\u017e se budete v\u00edc sna\u017eit, aby m\u011blo horn\u00ed procento tis\u00edcovku, bude karbo\u0161 i pro m\u00e1mu. P\u00edle, nikoliv z\u00e1vist to \u0159e\u0161\u00ed!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e ten okruh mocn\u00fdch trochu z\u00fa\u017e\u00edme, tak\u00a081 miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f vlastn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina sv\u011bta dohromady<\/strong>. Ty miliard\u00e1\u0159e by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t ka\u017ed\u00fd jmenovit\u011b, aby nenarazil. Pom\u016f\u017eu: Jeden z\u00a0nich, indick\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 Gautam Adani, do jeho\u017e portfolia pat\u0159\u00ed energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, zaznamenal v roce 2022 n\u00e1r\u016fst sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed o 46 %.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/621477\/mn-survival-of-the-richest-methodology-160123-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Spousta sv\u011btov\u00fdch filozof\u016f a ekonom\u016f, po\u010d\u00ednaje klasikem Friedrichem von Hayekem, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tak je to spr\u00e1vn\u011b. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edc maj\u00ed ti nena\u017eranci pen\u011bz, t\u00edm v\u00edc mus\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, jak je utratit, a p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed tak na nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 obohat\u00ed cel\u00e9 lidstvo. B\u011b\u017ete se pod\u00edvat na pra\u017esk\u00fd Starom\u00e1k, jak\u00e1 je to n\u00e1dhera. Kdyby tam \u017eila chudina, vypadal by jinak (ale zase by byl bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9mu lidov\u00e9mu ozna\u010den\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00e1 charitativn\u00ed Oxfam se v\u011bnuje tak pe\u010dliv\u011b spole\u010densk\u00fdm nerovnostem, proto\u017ee v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0vysp\u011bl\u00e9 Evropy. Kdybychom hledali nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nerovnosti v\u00a0cel\u00e9m vysp\u011bl\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, pak jsou v\u00a0USA.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii se je\u0161t\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00edme, te\u010f aspo\u0148 kr\u00e1tce nakoukn\u011bme za velkou lou\u017ei. Dva kaliforn\u0161t\u00ed profeso\u0159i ekonomie \u201efrancouzsk\u00e9 \u0161koly\u201c Emmanuel Saez a Gabriel Zuckman se tomu v\u011bnuj\u00ed soustavn\u011b, a tak v\u00a0knize\u00a0The Triumph of Injustice<\/em>\u00a0(o triumfu nespravedlnosti) prezentuj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj hrub\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu v\u00a0zemi za obdob\u00ed mezi lety 1978 (p\u0159ed neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluc\u00ed) a 2018 (p\u0159ed pandemi\u00ed), jak jej nasb\u00edrali z\u00a0neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a da\u0148ov\u00fdch statistik. Vyt\u00e1hli z\u00a0toho pod\u00edl horn\u00edho jednoho procenta (\u010dern\u00e9 punt\u00edky) a doln\u00edch pades\u00e1ti procent (pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 krou\u017eky), jak vid\u00edme na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm grafu.<\/p>\n

A hned je jasn\u00e9, komu se ta neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce hodila. Horn\u00ed jedno procento t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sobilo sv\u016fj pod\u00edl na celkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmech, kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00ednalo na 10 % a kon\u010dilo na 20 %. Doln\u00ed polovina dopadla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zrcadlov\u011b opa\u010dn\u011b \u2013 za\u010d\u00ednala na 20 % a skon\u010dila na 12 %.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd projekt Centra pro ekonomickou v\u00fdkonnost CEP na\u00a0London School of Economics<\/em>\u00a0(financovan\u00fd\u00a0Resolution Foundation<\/em>) zjistil n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho. Ve studii\u00a0Stagnation nation<\/em>\u00a0najdeme zaj\u00edmav\u00fd graf, kter\u00fd d\u011bl\u00ed upraven\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, o\u0159ezan\u00e9 o extr\u00e9my, penzisty a n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed, roz\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 po p\u011btiprocentn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch. \u010casov\u00e1 osa kop\u00edruje britsk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, n\u011bkdy p\u011btilet\u00e1, n\u011bkdy \u010dty\u0159let\u00e1. Ale tyhle detaily nejsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvoj prav\u00e9ho krajn\u00edho sloupce ka\u017ed\u00e9 20\u010dlenn\u00e9 skupiny, kde p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f horn\u00edch 5 procent najednou uskakuj\u00ed ostatn\u00edm. Od roku 1979, kdy nastoupila konzervativn\u00ed premi\u00e9rka Margareta Thatcherov\u00e1, se vysok\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b da\u0159ilo, kdy\u017e dosahovaly re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho r\u016fstu skoro o 40 %. Dne\u0161n\u00ed britsk\u00e9 nerovnosti se vyhrotily pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed, a pak je\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed Brexitem.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Roku 2010 u\u017e bylo v\u0161echno \u0161patn\u011b a v\u00fdvoj britsk\u00fdch mezd zam\u00ed\u0159il pod nulu. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee roku 2018 byly p\u0159\u00edjmy dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii o 16 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v N\u011bmecku a 9 % procenta ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve Francii, p\u0159esto\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2007 byly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v obou\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch. Studie shrnuje: \u201eStagnace je toxickou kombinac\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a vysok\u00e9 nerovnosti, kter\u00e1 je zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pro n\u00edzko a st\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 Brity.\u201c<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem uveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce byla podpora projektu st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 strategie ekonomiky Brit\u00e1nie do roku 2030, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161la pod n\u00e1zvem\u00a0Ending stagnation.\u00a0<\/em>Je ps\u00e1na pro pot\u0159eby labourist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed volby s\u00a0velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed vyhraj\u00ed. Proto za jeden ze zdroj\u016f pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu pova\u017euje mimo jin\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f od nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1tc\u016f. Nem\u011bnily by se sazby 20 \u2013 40 \u2013 45 procent, ale sn\u00ed\u017eila by se hranice pro horn\u00ed p\u00e1smo na 100 tis\u00edc liber ro\u010dn\u011b, zat\u00edmco efektivn\u00ed zdan\u011bn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f by z\u016fstalo stejn\u00e9 nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/cep.lse.ac.uk\/_NEW\/publications\/abstract.asp<\/a><\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1v\u011br leto\u0161n\u00edho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho roku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed oslniv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 statistiky, bohu\u017eel ne pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Skupina nejbohat\u0161\u00edch rodin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,3776,59,1203,371],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42252"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42252\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}