{"id":42160,"date":"2023-12-10T00:42:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T23:42:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42160"},"modified":"2023-12-09T17:58:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T16:58:13","slug":"zbynek-fiala-jak-odstranit-nepruhlednost-ceskych-penzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/10\/zbynek-fiala-jak-odstranit-nepruhlednost-ceskych-penzi\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Jak odstranit nepr\u016fhlednost \u010desk\u00fdch penz\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Profesor Jaroslav Vostatek nab\u00edz\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d \u2013 zru\u0161te reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici a po\u010d\u00edtejte v\u0161echno ve stejn\u00e9m pom\u011bru. Najednou zjist\u00edme, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u016fchod je podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta procentn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, a m\u016f\u017eeme se zbavit dal\u0161\u00edch nesmysl\u016f v tomto syst\u00e9mu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hork\u00e9 t\u00e9ma d\u016fchod\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, co \u017eene \u010deskou ve\u0159ejnost do ulic. Na\u0161li jsme je i mezi hlavn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky odbor\u016f p\u0159i velk\u00e9 protestn\u00ed akci z\u00a027. listopadu, kterou aktivn\u011b podpo\u0159ilo kolem milionu ob\u010dan\u016f. Odbor\u016fm se nel\u00edb\u00ed hlavn\u011b zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku pro odchod do d\u016fchodu. Je tu tak\u00e9 bohorovn\u00e9 pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny se z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fdm se m\u011bla \u0159\u00eddit valorizace d\u016fchod\u016f, tak\u017ee v\u011bc\u00ed se bude zab\u00fdvat \u00dastavn\u00ed soud 10. ledna p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku, a dokonce ve\u0159ejn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Val\u00ed se toho na n\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc, a nejen na seniory. Neposedn\u00fd ministr pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Marian Jure\u010dka (KDU-\u010cSL) nelenil a vytasil se s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reformy, kterou maj\u00ed odn\u00e9st i dne\u0161n\u00ed mlad\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 by dopadlo radik\u00e1ln\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm budouc\u00edch penz\u00ed. M\u00e1 to podpo\u0159it nadh\u00e1n\u011b\u010dku do r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem penzijn\u00edho spo\u0159en\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 nebudete sm\u011bt s\u00e1hnout tak dlouho, dokud v\u00e1s o n\u011b n\u011bkdo nep\u0159iprav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak pravda, \u017ee jde o jedin\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a \u017ee nab\u00eddky n\u011b\u010deho lep\u0161\u00edho neexistuj\u00ed. A kdy\u017e jsem poslouchal prezentaci profesora Jaroslava Vostatka z\u00a0Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly finan\u010dn\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed na akci spolku Institut \u010desk\u00e9 levice, bylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee f\u00e9rov\u00e1 a efektivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reformy jsou re\u00e1ln\u00e1 a dostupn\u00e1, pokud by byla politick\u00e1 v\u016fle.<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdklad navrhovan\u00e9 \u201emal\u00e9 technick\u00e9 reformy\u201c a nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho postupu najdete t\u0159eba v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru \u010dl\u00e1nku Jaroslava Vostatka\u00a0Valorizace a kr\u00e1cen\u00ed starobn\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f<\/em>\u00a0v\u00a0resortn\u00edm \u010dasopise F\u00f3rum soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky 1\/2023.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.rilsa.cz\/casopis\/forum-socialni-politiky-01-2023\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Prezentaci prof. Vostatka v\u00a0Institutu \u010desk\u00e9 levice m\u016f\u017eete sledovat na Youtobe od 14. minuty z\u00e1znamu. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jsou slajdy, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdklad prov\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eUmgMPTFEhM&t=847s<\/a><\/p>\n

Prezentace za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 historick\u00fdm exkurzem, jak penzijn\u00ed syst\u00e9my ve sv\u011bt\u011b vznikaly, a kon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1vrhem reformy ve dvou kroc\u00edch, nap\u0159ed mal\u00e9 technick\u00e9, a pak t\u00e9 velk\u00e9. J\u00e1 tu historii vezmu zkr\u00e1tka a p\u016fjdu hned k\u00a0t\u011bm reform\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obsahuje dva historick\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zavedl poprv\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159\u00a0Otto von Bismarck<\/strong>\u00a0roku 1883, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jen pro zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Syst\u00e9m byl financov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f a zam\u011bstnanc\u016f podle v\u00fd\u0161e p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, d\u00e1vky soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou pak podle toho odstup\u0148ov\u00e1ny. Odli\u0161n\u00fd model, kter\u00fd poskytuje stejnou d\u00e1vku v\u0161em (rovn\u00fd d\u016fchod), vytvo\u0159il britsk\u00fd ekonom\u00a0William H. Beveridge<\/strong>\u00a0ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b pro britsk\u00fd parlament roku 1942. Jeho syst\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby m\u011bl b\u00fdt hrazen z\u00a0dan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1me jak rovnou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bru starobn\u00edho d\u016fchodu, nad kterou si vzpomeneme na Beveridge, tak procentn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st d\u016fchodu, ta je zase bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed Bismarckovu p\u0159\u00edstupu. Ona z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra, stejn\u00e1 pro v\u0161echny, te\u010f \u010din\u00ed 10 procent aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu, proto se taky ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b upravuje. Jinak se valorizuje ta druh\u00e1, procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra, kter\u00e1 je odvozen\u00e1 z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch odvod\u016f \u2013 kdo v\u00edc platil, v\u00edc dostane.<\/p>\n

Oboj\u00ed se financuje ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 se d\u011bl\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci a zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9, av\u0161ak ze stejn\u00e9ho zdroje se plat\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by se m\u011bly platit z\u00a0dan\u00ed. Z\u00a0dan\u00ed se plat\u00ed a\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd schodek d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nebo je-li p\u0159ebytek, odevzd\u00e1 se st\u00e1tu, proto\u017ee toto poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je z\u00e1rove\u0148 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu. Je to prost\u011b p\u011bkn\u00e1 brambora\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak zjistit, na co m\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo. To si mysl\u00ed i \u00dastavn\u00ed soud, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu z\u00a0roku 2010 uvedl, \u017ee\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 penze m\u00e1me nespravedliv\u011b netransparentn\u00ed a nesrozumiteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Jak k\u00a0tomu poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. Vostatek, tento stav nikdo zat\u00edm nenapravil. Jedin\u00e1 v\u011bc, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd rozum\u00ed, je d\u016fchodov\u00fd v\u011bk, na v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed pot\u0159ebujete poradce.<\/p>\n

Po zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu se ud\u011blala mal\u00e1 d\u016fchodov\u00e1 reforma, tro\u0161ku se to vylep\u0161ilo, ale bohu\u017eel to podstatn\u00e9 z\u016fstalo. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o nesrozumiteln\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det d\u016fchodu, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je \u201ereduk\u010dn\u00ed hranice\u201c, tedy metoda, kdy do\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu nad 44 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy se zapo\u010dte jen 26 % skute\u010dn\u00e9 mzdy.<\/p>\n

Co s\u00a0t\u00edm? Za\u010d\u00edt lze tak, \u017ee tuto reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici prost\u011b zru\u0161\u00edme. Odstranit by ji mohla technick\u00e1 d\u016fchodov\u00e1 reforma, kdy by se ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1valy s jedn\u00edm koeficientem. S\u00a0d\u016fchody by se jinak nemuselo h\u00fdbat, dost\u00e1vali bychom stejn\u011b. Jenom bychom zjistili, \u017ee onen spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra starobn\u00edho d\u016fchodu, ne\u010din\u00ed 10 %, ale 32 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy. Je vlastn\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dovou slo\u017ekou d\u016fchodu. Tu\u0161ili jste to? Ta reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranice byla kulisa, kter\u00e1 to m\u011bla zakr\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

A pro\u010d je tak snadn\u00e9 tu reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici zru\u0161it? No, proto\u017ee tak m\u00e1lo jako je 44 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy skoro nikdo nebere. Kdybych s\u00e1hl po lo\u0148sk\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, vy\u0161la by mi ta reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranice na 18\u00a0769 K\u010d. A kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1m na n\u00e1vrhy zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy n\u011bkam k\u00a019 tis\u00edc\u016fm, ocitla by se pod \u010darou.<\/p>\n

Jak prof. Vostatek soud\u00ed, po takov\u00e9 mal\u00e9 technick\u00e9 d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reform\u011b by najednou i politici porozum\u011bli, jak u n\u00e1s penze funguj\u00ed a zjistili by, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed vlastn\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina bude po\u017eadovat, aby z\u00e1vislost starobn\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f na zaplacen\u00e9m pojistn\u00e9m byla vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebujeme v podstat\u011b dva z\u00e1kony, pokra\u010duje prof. Vostatek. Z\u00e1kon o pojistn\u00e9m d\u016fchodu (o soci\u00e1ln\u00edm poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle Bismarcka) a z\u00e1kon o rovn\u00e9m d\u016fchodu (podle Beveridge). Ty z\u00e1kony nemusej\u00ed po\u017eadovat stejn\u00fd d\u016fchodov\u00fd v\u011bk. V syst\u00e9mech, kde je rovn\u00fd d\u016fchod, se nechod\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b do d\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n

V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Fialovy vl\u00e1dy o penzijn\u00ed reform\u011b se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tam budou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eky, dva pil\u00ed\u0159e, to je rovn\u00fd d\u016fchod (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eka) a procentn\u00ed d\u016fchod. P\u016fvodn\u011b cht\u011bli z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eku zv\u00fd\u0161it. Kdy\u017e tam ministr Jure\u010dka nastoupil, z\u0159ejm\u011b s t\u00edm souhlasil. Co dneska \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jure\u010dka a najdeme na ministersk\u00e9m webu, je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bru d\u016fchod\u016f zachovat ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy a zv\u00fd\u0161it minim\u00e1ln\u00ed procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bru toho druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e, on\u00e9 procentn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry, taky na 10 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy. Tak\u017ee dvakr\u00e1t 10 %.<\/p>\n

M\u011blo by to platit od roku 2026 a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se tomu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed garantovan\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu (pod kter\u00fd se nejde). Podle prof. Vostatka je to nesmysl, zbyte\u010dn\u00fd \u00fastup od t\u00e9 slibovan\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reformy. Mohli postupovat d\u00e1l a rozd\u011blit dne\u0161n\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 d\u016fchodov\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na dva samostatn\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159e, pil\u00ed\u0159 rovn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu a pil\u00ed\u0159 soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. A kdyby vl\u00e1da, asi ta budouc\u00ed, cht\u011bla to soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed preferovat, tak by bylo dobr\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee pro ten rovn\u00fd d\u016fchod stanov\u00ed pevnou \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 by se nemusela tolik valorizovat. Ale o to v\u00edc se pak m\u016f\u017ee valorizovat to soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e to v\u0161echno takhle nov\u011b nadefinujeme, dopracujeme se k\u00a0syst\u00e9mu, jak\u00fd norm\u00e1ln\u011b ve sv\u011bt\u011b funguje. Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii maj\u00ed rovn\u00fd d\u016fchod a v\u00a0Rakousku maj\u00ed jasn\u00fd pojistn\u00fd d\u016fchod. Oba syst\u00e9my maj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 valorizace.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e1 technick\u00e1 reforma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ve Vostatkov\u011b n\u00e1vrhu mal\u00e9 technick\u00e9 reformy (bez zm\u011bny celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e d\u016fchodu) by to vypadalo takhle: Byl by tu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed d\u016fchod na \u00farovni 32 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy a nad t\u00edm procentn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0parametry, kter\u00e9 nezm\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd starobn\u00ed d\u016fchod.<\/p>\n

Jak jsme se k\u00a0tomu dopracovali? Zru\u0161ili jsme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici, kter\u00e1 p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjem nad 44 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy jen na 26 procent. Reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranice je pry\u010d, ale t\u011bch 26 procent se dr\u017eme. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det z\u00e1kladu pro d\u016fchod postupuje tak \u017ee p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 za ka\u017ed\u00fd rok 1,5 procenta celkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Kdy\u017e jsme tu reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici zru\u0161ili, m\u00e1me to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Zkr\u00e1t\u00edme ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy na 26 procent, tedy i ten ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, kter\u00fd u\u017e nebude 1,5 procenta, ale 0,26*1,5, to je 0,39 procenta.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e pak se\u010dteme pot\u0159ebn\u00fd po\u010det let, vyjde n\u00e1m, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bra u pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho d\u016fchodu bude 32 procent z\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy. To by te\u010f bylo 13\u00a0560 korun. Roku 2022 byl pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd d\u016fchod 18\u00a0061 korun. Rovn\u00fd z\u00e1klad je tak podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta procentn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, ale a\u017e takhle je to vid\u011bt.<\/p>\n

\u201eNajednou je struktura d\u016fchodu transparentn\u00ed, m\u00e1me p\u0159ed o\u010dima jeho proporce. P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed vl\u00e1dy je m\u016f\u017eou cht\u00edt m\u011bnit a j\u00e1 bych to osobn\u011b doporu\u010doval,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. Vostatek.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dujme d\u00e1l. V\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 \u010desk\u00fdch starobn\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f n\u00edzk\u00e1. \u010cist\u00fd n\u00e1hradov\u00fd pom\u011br i s\u00a0v\u00fdchovn\u00fdm na jedno d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1me na \u00farovni 63 procent p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Podle b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd n\u00e1hradov\u00fd pom\u011br aspo\u0148 65 procent, a pokud je men\u0161\u00ed, m\u011bly by ho dopl\u0148ovat dobrovoln\u00e9 \u00faspory. \u010cesk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany a hnut\u00ed by tedy m\u011bly \u0159\u00edct, jak velk\u00fd cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edt ten n\u00e1hradov\u00fd pom\u011br, kam to cht\u011bj\u00ed dot\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou modern\u00ed koncepce soci\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed? V N\u011bmecku je bodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kdy se v\u0161echno p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na body a hodnota bodu se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok upravuje. V modifikovan\u00e9 podob\u011b to maj\u00ed taky na Slovensku. Prof. Vostatkovi se l\u00edb\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 penzijn\u00ed konto. Tam se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed starobn\u00ed d\u016fchod podle v\u00fdvoje mzdy. Je perfektn\u00ed, jednoduch\u00fd, ka\u017ed\u00fd si to m\u016f\u017ee spo\u010d\u00edtat. Vid\u00ed tam i tu valorizaci. Po skon\u010den\u00ed roku po\u0161lou ten stav konta lidem, aby odsouhlasili, \u017ee je v po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e1 technick\u00e1 d\u016fchodov\u00e1 reforma by tedy v\u011bc jen projasnila. Nem\u011bnila by v\u00fd\u0161i pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho d\u016fchod\u016f. Tento \u010dist\u0161\u00ed koncept by n\u00e1s v\u0161ak p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k\u00a0\u00favah\u00e1m o velk\u00e9 reform\u011b starobn\u00edho d\u016fchodu, pokra\u010duje prof. Vostatek. M\u016f\u017ee nab\u00edhat postupn\u011b, jak to d\u011blali Rakousku. Nejd\u0159\u00edv mus\u00edte zav\u00e9st syst\u00e9m, aby tomu rozum\u011bli v\u0161ichni, jak lidi, tak apar\u00e1t, kter\u00fd to bude m\u00edt na starosti. Tam za\u010dali t\u00edm, \u017ee do toho syst\u00e9mu dali nejd\u0159\u00edv mlad\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bnce. A pak \u0161li d\u00e1l, a\u017e tam postupn\u011b b\u011bhem 10 let dali v\u0161echny. Ale to by snad \u0161lo i d\u0159\u00edv. T\u0159eba by n\u00e1m k tomu dali software.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00edme v\u0161ak uv\u00e1\u017eit i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reformy. Pot\u0159ebujeme reformu d\u00e1vek pro rodiny s mal\u00fdmi d\u011btmi. Jak to, \u017ee m\u00e1me pen\u011b\u017eitou pomoc v mate\u0159stv\u00ed? Jak\u00e1 je to pomoc? To mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka. Mohlo by se to jmenovat prost\u011b mate\u0159sk\u00e9, ale to je jedno. Takov\u00e9 mate\u0159sk\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi jednodu\u0161e definov\u00e1no. Rodi\u010dovsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je \u00fapln\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00fd. Je to komplikovan\u00e9, zase se to mus\u00ed lidi u\u010dit. Dal by se vlo\u017eit do toho mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho a vypl\u00e1cet jako jedna d\u00e1vka. D\u00e1 se vypl\u00e1cet po dobu 100 t\u00fddn\u016f a lze jej i zda\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n

D\u016fchodov\u00e9 pojistn\u00e9 by se mohlo podstatn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit. M\u00e1me vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fchodov\u00e9 pojistn\u00e9 ne\u017e v N\u011bmecku nebo v Rakousku. Tam toti\u017e ty soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bci dotuje st\u00e1t. Na\u0161ich celkov\u00fdch 28 procent ze mzdy je nesmysl, stejn\u011b jako \u00favahy o odd\u011blen\u00e9m d\u016fchodov\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dtu. Vl\u00e1da sl\u00edbila, \u017ee zavede jedno spole\u010dn\u00e9 inkasn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Mohlo to b\u00fdt u\u017e od leto\u0161n\u00edho roku. Je to velmi jednoduch\u00e9. Prost\u011b to, co dneska plat\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec jako pojistn\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eeme klidn\u011b p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst do dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu. Spoj\u00edme st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch 15 % dan\u011b a 11 % poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a vznikne 26 procentn\u00ed da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu, co\u017e je st\u00e1le mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b slu\u0161n\u00e1 sazba.<\/p>\n

A to, co plat\u00ed firma, m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00e1t na jednu hromadu a vyb\u00edrat najednou, ne jako te\u010f, kdy podniky pos\u00edlaj\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 do sedmi zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven. Mimochodem, v N\u011bmecku maj\u00ed asi 100 zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven, ale z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 pos\u00edlaj\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ly. V\u0161echno m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, i invalidn\u00ed d\u016fchody, poz\u016fstalostn\u00ed, sirot\u010d\u00ed. D\u016fchod m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed model n\u00e1m doporu\u010duje i t\u0159et\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159. Fialova vl\u00e1da navrhla drobn\u00e9 \u00fapravy st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho nef\u00e9rov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kde lid\u00e9 plat\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdm penzijn\u00edm spole\u010dnostem za to, \u017ee jim investuj\u00ed jejich prost\u0159edky do st\u00e1tn\u00edch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f. \u201eKdy\u017e jsem byl v poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b, tak jsem to d\u011blal s\u00e1m,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 prof. Vostatek.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Profesor Jaroslav Vostatek nab\u00edz\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d \u2013 zru\u0161te reduk\u010dn\u00ed hranici a po\u010d\u00edtejte v\u0161echno ve stejn\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,591,29,90,4449],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42161,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42160\/revisions\/42161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}