{"id":42088,"date":"2023-12-09T00:44:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=42088"},"modified":"2023-12-08T19:19:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:19:50","slug":"richard-gilik-novela-najemniho-bydleni-vas-nejistoty-nezbavi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2023\/12\/09\/richard-gilik-novela-najemniho-bydleni-vas-nejistoty-nezbavi\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Gil\u00edk: Novela n\u00e1jemn\u00edho bydlen\u00ed v\u00e1s nejistoty nezbav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ministerstvo ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ipravovalo novinky v\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00ed. C\u00edlem dvou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn m\u00e1 b\u00fdt sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nejistoty n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f i n\u00e1jemc\u016f. A\u00a0jak\u00fd asi bude jejich re\u00e1ln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek?<\/section>\n
________________\u00a0<\/section>\n
Prvn\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enou zm\u011bnou m\u00e1 b\u00fdt z\u00e1kaz \u0159et\u011bzen\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch n\u00e1jemn\u00edch smluv \u2013 po dvou n\u00e1jemn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch na dobu ur\u010ditou by ji\u017e m\u011bla n\u00e1sledovat doba neur\u010dit\u00e1, nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm jistota n\u00e1jmu na dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i roky. Druhou zm\u011bnou chce resort zajistit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochranu majitel\u016fm t\u00edm, \u017ee zavede rozkaz k\u00a0vyklizen\u00ed bytu. Ministr pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj Ivan Barto\u0161 v\u00a0 rozhovoru pro Seznam.cz\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159il p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee prvn\u00ed zm\u011bna m\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eit velkou m\u00edru nejistoty, j\u00ed\u017e jsou posti\u017eeni n\u00e1jemn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1ruku dlouhodob\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nejv\u00edce \u00a0trp\u00ed rodiny s d\u011btmi. Druh\u00e1 zm\u011bna m\u00e1 umo\u017enit majitel\u016fm nemovitost\u00ed, aby se urychlen\u011b zbavili problematick\u00fdch n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f. Podle p\u0159edstav pana ministra si tak \u00a0pronaj\u00edmatel\u00e9 nebudou muset sni\u017eovat svou nejistotu ohledn\u011b slu\u0161nosti n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee s\u00a0nimi budou uzav\u00edrat v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 smlouvy.<\/section>\n
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Z\u00a0t\u00e9ho\u017e d\u016fvodu si pan ministr nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed obavy, \u017ee nov\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed bude m\u00edt opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt \u2013 tedy \u017ee si majitel\u00e9 rad\u011bji budou hledat nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1jemn\u00edka, ne\u017e aby uzav\u00edrali dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1jmy. Krom\u011b jistoty bydlen\u00ed poskytuje dlouhodob\u00e1 smlouva n\u00e1jemn\u00edkovi je\u0161t\u011b jednu v\u00fdhodu. Podle \u00a7 2249 ob\u010d. z\u00e1k. mu pronaj\u00edmatel m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do v\u00fd\u0161e srovnateln\u00e9ho n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho obvykl\u00e9ho v dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a nanejv\u00fd\u0161 o dvacet procent za t\u0159i roky.N\u00e1jemn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se dlouhodob\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00a0\u0159adou probl\u00e9m\u016f. Rostouc\u00ed ceny byt\u016f a\u00a0nedostupnost hypot\u00e9k prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed v\u00a0nedostatkov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se u\u00a0n\u00e1s v\u00a0bytov\u00fdch domech nach\u00e1z\u00ed 200 tis\u00edc dlouhodob\u011b neobsazen\u00fdch byt\u016f. \u0158adu z\u00a0nich majitel\u00e9 odm\u00edtaj\u00ed pronaj\u00edmat, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed rizika. Dal\u0161\u00edm paradoxem je, \u017ee naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina pronaj\u00edmatel\u016f si p\u0159eje m\u00edt dlouhodob\u011b plat\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1jemce, p\u0159esto m\u00e1 milion n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f smlouvu krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dvouletou.Tento nesoulad ukazuje, \u017ee zde m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m. Kde hledat jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu? Zeptejte se kter\u00e9hokoliv majitele, pro\u010d sv\u016fj byt nebo d\u016fm nechce pronaj\u00edmat, a\u00a0kdy\u017e u\u017e, tak jen na kr\u00e1tkodobou smlouvu. Odpov\u011bdi budou jak p\u0159es kop\u00edr\u00e1k: Vede m\u011b k\u00a0tomu pud sebez\u00e1chovy, proti problematick\u00e9mu n\u00e1jemn\u00edkovi nem\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dnou ochranu, v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed zemi m\u00e1me obt\u00ed\u017enou vymahatelnost pr\u00e1va, tak\u017ee ne\u017e se poveden\u00e9ho n\u00e1jemn\u00edka zbav\u00edm, bude u\u00a0m\u011b vesele bydlet m\u011bs\u00edce i\u00a0l\u00e9ta a zanech\u00e1 mi zdevastovan\u00fd byt a\u00a0ob\u0159\u00ed dluh. K\u00a0tomu p\u0159ipoj\u00ed n\u011bjakou varovnou zku\u0161enost s\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00edkem. A\u00a0zept\u00e1te-li se majitel\u016f, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek by byli ochotni svou nemovitost pronaj\u00edmat, odpov\u00ed v\u00e1m, \u017ee by s\u00a0t\u00edm nem\u011bli probl\u00e9m za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee by nezaplacen\u00ed n\u00e1jmu, \u0159ekn\u011bme za obdob\u00ed dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jin\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du a\u00a0povinnost\u00ed ze strany n\u00e1jemce, automaticky znamenalo, \u017ee nespolehiv\u00fd n\u00e1jemn\u00edk bude okam\u017eit\u011b vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony neadekv\u00e1tn\u011b zv\u00fdhod\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edky p\u0159ed pronaj\u00edmatelem. Majitel, kter\u00fd chce sv\u016fj byt nebo d\u016fm pronaj\u00edmat, mus\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00edkem uzav\u0159\u00edt n\u00e1jemn\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00e1 nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0ob\u010dansk\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u00edkem. A\u00a0ten d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1jemn\u00edkovi \u0161irok\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00a7 2274 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eN\u00e1jemce m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1t t\u0159et\u00ed osob\u011b do podn\u00e1jmu \u010d\u00e1st bytu, pokud v byt\u011b s\u00e1m trvale bydl\u00ed, i bez souhlasu pronaj\u00edmatele.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm kamenem \u00farazu v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edk\u016f jsou omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 n\u00e1jemce, chce-li vyst\u011bhovat problematick\u00e9ho, a zejm\u00e9na neplat\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1jemn\u00edka. \u00a7 2291 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee pronaj\u00edmatel m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat, aby mu n\u00e1jemce bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho odkladu byt odevzdal, pokud doty\u010dn\u00fd poru\u0161uje svou povinnost zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Toto naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed povinnosti podle odst. 2 zahrnuje \u201enezaplatil-li n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 a n\u00e1klady na slu\u017eby za dobu alespo\u0148 t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f\u201c. Pronaj\u00edmatel sm\u00ed tedy vypov\u011bd\u011bt n\u00e1jem teprve pot\u00e9, co mu n\u00e1jemn\u00edk 3 m\u011bs\u00edce nezaplatil. Na t\u00e9ma v\u00fdpov\u011bdi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u00a7 2286 odst. 1, \u017ee \u201eV\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f n\u00e1jmu vy\u017eaduje p\u00edsemnou formu a mus\u00ed doj\u00edt druh\u00e9 stran\u011b. V\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00ed doba b\u011b\u017e\u00ed od prvn\u00edho dne kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho pot\u00e9, co v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f do\u0161la druh\u00e9 stran\u011b.\u201c A\u00a0co kdy\u017e n\u00e1jemn\u00edk bude d\u011blat obstrukce a\u00a0v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f si nep\u0159evezme v\u016fbec nebo se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm?<\/p>\n

Po tomto vypov\u011bzen\u00ed n\u00e1jmu m\u00e1 pronaj\u00edmatel podle \u00a7 2291 ob\u010d. z\u00e1k. pr\u00e1vo \u201epo\u017eadovat, aby mu n\u00e1jemce bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho odkladu byt odevzdal, nejpozd\u011bji v\u0161ak do jednoho m\u011bs\u00edce od skon\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1jmu\u201c. Tedy dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc. Dost\u00e1v\u00e1me se tak ke lh\u016ft\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u011b 5 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kdy problematick\u00fd n\u00e1jemn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee v byt\u011b d\u00e1l neru\u0161en\u011b bydlet, ani\u017e by cokoliv platil. Majitel nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo mu ani odpojit energie, v\u0161e tedy dopl\u00e1c\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho. Pokud by do pronaj\u00edman\u00e9ho bytu vstoupil bez svolen\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edka, pova\u017eoval by to z\u00e1kon za naru\u0161en\u00ed domovn\u00ed svobody s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou trestn\u00ed sazbou. A po t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se majitel n\u00e1jemn\u00edka kone\u010dn\u011b zbav\u00ed? Nikoliv, tehdy se teprve m\u016f\u017ee obr\u00e1tit k soudu. Bude n\u00e1sledovat soudn\u00ed martyrium. Z\u00edsk\u00e1-li majitel rozkaz k\u00a0vyklizen\u00ed, jak slibuje Barto\u0161, druh\u00e1 strana rozsudky napadne, vykonatelnost se odlo\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpad si budou p\u0159ed\u00e1vat soudy prvn\u00ed a\u00a0druh\u00e9 instance, pak \u0161ikovn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk objev\u00ed ve formulaci z\u00e1kona n\u011bjak\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek… Pokud majitel po letech souzen\u00ed p\u0159ece jen dos\u00e1hne v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, na n\u00e1jemn\u00edkovi si nic nevezme, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce bude doty\u010dn\u00fd oddlu\u017een.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m s\u00a0vymahatelnost\u00ed pr\u00e1va a\u00a0ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony se net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. M\u011bl jsem v\u00a0Anglii zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd si zalo\u017eil podnik\u00e1n\u00ed na tom, \u017ee si pronaj\u00edmal cel\u00e9 domy a\u00a0pot\u00e9 v\u00a0nich podnaj\u00edmal pokoje. Zanedlouhou s\u00a0velk\u00fdm dluhem zkrachoval a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b byl sv\u00e9mu okol\u00ed pro sm\u00edch. Pro\u010d? Jenom proto, \u017ee si dva vychytral\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee v\u00a0UK plat\u00ed z\u00e1kon, podle kter\u00e9ho nesm\u00edte vyst\u011bhovat n\u00e1jemn\u00edka v\u00a0chladn\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, tak zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edc\u00ed na podzim a\u00a0v\u00a0zim\u011b prost\u011b nic neplatili a\u00a0pronaj\u00edmatel s\u00a0t\u00edm nemohl nic d\u011blat. Parazit\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt na \u00fakor druh\u00fdch , se v\u0161ude najde dost. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba dod\u00e1vat, \u017ee takov\u00fd stav nav\u00edc podporuje neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak se ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f zbavit.<\/p>\n

Ministr Barto\u0161 v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Seznam.cz tak\u00e9 sd\u011blil: \u201eKr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 smlouvy jsou vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee pronaj\u00edmatel\u016fm sni\u017euj\u00ed m\u00edru nejistoty. Co\u017e tak v praxi \u00fapln\u011b nefunguje, proto\u017ee dnes kdy\u017e m\u00e1te neplati\u010de, kter\u00fd se odm\u00edt\u00e1 vyst\u011bhovat i po uplynut\u00ed smlouvy, tak se o to stejn\u011b mus\u00edte soudit p\u016fl roku a\u017e dva.\u201c Kdy\u017e tedy v\u00a0praxi pronaj\u00edmatele neochr\u00e1n\u00ed ani kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 smlouvy, jak je asi ochr\u00e1n\u00ed rozkaz k\u00a0vyklizen\u00ed, zn\u00e1me-li liknavost na\u0161ich soud\u016f?<\/p>\n

Ministr Barto\u0161 mo\u017en\u00e1 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee si uv\u011bdomuje probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00edm, av\u0161ak \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1, situaci nijak nepom\u016f\u017ee, pokud ji p\u0159\u00edmo nezhor\u0161\u00ed. Jak jsme si uk\u00e1zali a\u00a0jak si asi v\u011bt\u0161ina oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed uv\u011bdomuje, ko\u0159eny probl\u00e9mu tkv\u00ed v\u00a0tom, \u017ee v \u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdch situac\u00edch chyb\u00ed p\u00e1ky na nepoctivce. By\u0165 by by pod\u00edl \u0161mejd\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti zanedbateln\u00fd, pro majitele byt\u016f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 riziko. Toho se nebudou b\u00e1t jen chl\u00e1pci s\u00a0hro\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0drsn\u00fdmi praktikami, kter\u00e9 jim nahrad\u00ed bezzub\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed nab\u00eddky se omez\u00ed: sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se dostupnost n\u00e1jemn\u00edch byt\u016f a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ceny n\u00e1jm\u016f. A krom\u011b t\u00e9to ceny plat\u00ed slu\u0161n\u00ed majitel\u00e9 a\u00a0poctiv\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edci je\u0161t\u011b jednu dal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 jistoty.<\/p>\n

Richard Gil\u00edk<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ministerstvo ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ipravovalo novinky v\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00ed. C\u00edlem dvou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn m\u00e1 b\u00fdt sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nejistoty n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[632,2245,29,1546],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42088"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42089,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42088\/revisions\/42089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}